市售酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐含量的测定

目的:了解市面上销售的酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐的含量,对常见的酱腌菜亚硝酸盐含量进行检测。方法:采用盐酸萘乙二胺法对市场所售的大头菜、榨菜、梅菜、腌萝卜、泡菜和凉拌菜六种腌菜中亚硝酸盐的含量进行分析测定。结果:在本次检测的六中酱腌菜中,每种产品的亚硝酸盐含量均不相同,且没有发现含量超标的情况。结论:现阶段销售的酱腌菜种类较多,每种酱腌菜由于自身材料和加工工艺的不同,亚硝酸盐含量均不相同。在实际生活中,有关部门应该重视对于酱腌菜亚硝酸盐含量的检测,确保消费者所食用的食品健康安全。     

酱腌菜类食品中亚硝酸盐暴露水平检测

利用GDYQ-901SC亚硝酸盐快速检测仪对哈尔滨市市售的5类，40种酱腌菜类食品中亚硝酸盐暴露水平进行抽样检测。检测结果表明：哈尔滨市市售酱腌菜类食品中亚硝酸盐暴露水平基本符合食品卫生标准。萝卜类和黄瓜类酱腌菜合格率为87．50％；榨菜类和白菜类酱腌菜合格率100％。杂类酱腌菜亚硝酸盐的检出率和超标率比较严重，合格率为75．00％。农贸市场或小型超市、仓买销售的酱腌菜类食品，散装酱腌菜食品质量令人担忧。     

市售酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐含量的检测及调查分析

通过分光光度法测定酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐的含量。经过实验,在波长538nm处,吸光度与亚硝酸盐含量之间具有良好的线性关系,线性方程为Y=0.0437X-0.0002,R2=0.9995。该方法准确度、精密度高,操作方便,效率高。利用此方法对四川省市售18批不同品种酱腌菜进行抽样调查,结果所有样品中亚硝酸盐含量均未超过国标GB 2714-2003《酱腌菜卫生标准》中关于亚硝酸盐残留的规定。     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐

目的建立了一种气相分子吸收光谱法测定酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐的方法。方法酱腌菜中的亚硝酸盐用沸水浴浸提,浸提液沉淀蛋白质后定容并过滤,以柠檬酸-乙醇溶液作为还原剂,用气相分子吸收光谱测定滤液中亚硝酸盐的含量。结果亚硝酸盐在0.1～1.0 mg/L浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,检出限为0.6mg/kg,定量限为1.8mg/kg,加标回收率为81.3%～99.8%,相对标准偏差(relativestandard deviation, RSD)小于4.7%。结论该方法简便、快捷、有效,结果稳定性高,可用于酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐的检测。     

扬州酱菜中亚硝酸盐含量的研究与控制

扬州酱菜历史悠久,形佳味好,老少皆宜,但酱腌菜中普遍含有亚硝酸盐,容易引起消费者的不安。通过对酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐的生成机理和扬州酱菜生产过程中控制亚硝酸盐的方法进行具体分析,得出通过原料把关、工艺控制等能使扬州酱菜中亚硝酸盐的含量远低于国家标准的结论,让消费者放心食用。     

酱腌菜生产过程中亚硝酸盐和亚硝胺的产生与预防

本文了论述酱腌菜中产生亚硝酸盐和亚硝胺的原因，分析了各种酱腌制工艺条件对其生成的影响，提出了降低或预防亚到盐和亚硝胺产生的方法。对酱腌菜的生产具有一定的指导意义。     

基于分光光度法检测酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐的条件优化

亚硝酸盐是评价发酵食品卫生质量的重要指标,对分光光度法测定传统酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐的条件进行优化。结果表明:方法具有较高的准确度和精密度,酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐含量X(μg)与吸光度A之间在λmax=539nm处具有良好的线性关系,其线性方程为Y=0.072X+0.003,R2=0.999;样品前处理采用超声波提取10min,重氮化时间控制在3min时,测定酱腌菜亚硝酸盐的回收率高。与其他方法比较,该优化方法操作步骤简单、快速,适用于大批量样品的测定。     

市售酱腌菜中常用添加剂检测与分析

为了解本地区酱腌菜中常用添加剂的使用情况,对市售174批次不同种类的酱腌菜进行亚硝酸盐、苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠、安赛蜜等常用添加剂检测。结果发现:酱腌菜的总体不合格率为48.28%。复合添加剂的使用较普遍,同时使用防腐剂的样品有78批次,占44.83%,总和超标占31.61%;同时使用甜味剂的样品有18批次,占10.34%。苯甲酸使用量较大,最大添加量为8.51g/kg,超过国家标准7.51倍,不合格率为26.43%。亚硝酸盐的含量和各添加剂的添加量总体呈负相关性。散装样品不合格率较高,为56.34%。     

申报酱菜类绿色食品新规定

中国绿色食品发展中心最近就酱腌菜类食品申报绿色食品问题发出通知。指出:酱腌菜在腌制过程中虽然会产生亚硝酸盐,但只要选择好蔬菜品种,掌握好腌制工艺,保证有良好的卫生条件,成品中亚硝酸盐含量完全可以控制在安全指标范围内。因此,可受理符合下列条件的酱腌菜类成品申报A级绿色食品:1.原料为     

潮州酱腌菜中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐含量的测定

用盐酸萘乙二胺比色法和紫外分光光度法分别测定潮州5种酱腌菜在不同条件下的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量,回收率依次为98 %～109 %,96 %～110 %;RSD:0.0198 %～0.177 %,0.027 %～0.041 %.结果表明:酱腌菜经过一段时间的腌制后,随储存室温的升高,亚硝酸盐的含量呈升高的趋势,同时室温暴露在空气中并且没有腌制液存在时酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐含量变得很高.     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Heavy metals in vegetables sold in the local market in Jordan

Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009–0.275 mg kg^?1 wet weight, 0.004–0.060 mg kg^?1, 0.003–0.401 mg kg^?1, 0.105–3.51 mg kg^?1, 0.15–1.15 mg kg^?1, 0.93–14.39 mg kg^?1, 0.044–0.702 mg kg^?1, 0.072–0.289 mg kg^?1 and 2.23–6.65 mg kg^?1, respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake.