不同生产工艺对盐水鸭风味的影响

运用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用技术,分析3 种不同工艺生产的盐水鸭肉的挥发性风味物质,进而研究不同工艺对盐水鸭风味的影响。结果显示：共鉴定出93 种化合物,这些化合物包括烃类(24 种)、酮类(13 种)、醇类(15 种)、醛类(24 种)、酸类(5 种)、酯类(1 种)、呋喃类(3 种)、含硫化合物(3 种)、含氮化合物(3 种)、杂环化合物(2 种)。烘烤能增加鸭肉中的烃类、醇类、酸类、醛类、酯类、呋喃类以及含硫化合物的含量,对产品的风味有重要贡献。复卤后冷藏能增加鸭肉中的烃类物质、醛类物质、酸类物质、含硫化合物和杂环化合物的含量,且有利于提高产品的色泽。     

不同来源生熟北京豆汁的风味物质和感官评价比较

为分析北京豆汁中的挥发性风味物质,采用固相微萃取结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用技术对3 家豆汁企业的生豆汁与熟豆汁共6 个样品进行分析鉴定。生豆汁中共鉴定出39 种风味化合物,其中醇类18 种、醛类4 种、酮类1 种、酸类6 种、酚类3 种、酯类1 种、醚类2 种、呋喃类1 种;熟豆汁中共鉴定出31 种风味化合物,其中醇类12 种、醛类6 种、酮类1 种、酸类5 种、酚类3 种、酯类1 种、醚类2 种、呋喃类1 种。生豆汁中风味物质的种类和含量都明显高于熟豆汁,其中醇类物质的变化最为显著,豆汁的关键风味物质为酸类和含硫类化合物。感官评价和风味分析结果表明,老磁器口豆汁中醛类物质种类和含量最为丰富,豆香味更加浓厚。     

油炸对臭豆腐中挥发性风味物质的影响

以长沙臭豆腐为原料,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术检测臭豆腐油炸前后的挥发性 风味成分,研究油炸对臭豆腐的挥发性风味物质的影响。结果表明,油炸前的臭豆腐中共鉴定出37种挥发性物质,主要由醛类、醇类、 烷类、含硫化合物和呋喃类组成;油炸后的臭豆腐中共鉴定出40种挥发性物质,除上述物质外,还含有苯类、酮类和酸酐类等物质,而 醇类物质较少。与油炸前的臭豆腐相比,油炸后的臭豆腐中醇类、烯类、烷类的相对含量呈递减趋势,酮类、醛类、苯类、其他杂环类化 合物的相对含量呈递增趋势。     

冷藏过程中兔背最长肌挥发性风味物质的GC-MS分析

以兔背最长肌为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分别对兔背最长肌在冷藏过程中的挥发性风味物质进行定量、定性分析。结果表明：在冷藏过程中检测到兔背最长肌挥发性风味物质共79 种,其中醛类19 种、酮类4 种、醇类17 种、酯类6 种、烃类31 种、呋喃类2 种,且醛类化合物所占的比重最高,其次是醇类及烃类化合物,酮类、酯类及呋喃类化合物在挥发性物质中所占的种类少含量低。随着冷藏时间的延长,兔背肉中各类挥发性风味物质的种类和相对含量也不断变化,其中醛类、醇类及烃类物质的变化差异大,酯类、酮类和呋喃类随时间变化不明显。     

南京盐水鸭挥发性风味化合物的研究

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气质联用(GC-MS)分析技术研究了南京盐水鸭的挥发性风味成分,共鉴定出99种风味化合物,包括醛类(23种)、含N、O、S杂环(11种)、酯类(2种)、醇类(10种)、酸类(7种)、烃类(24种)、酮类(8种)、萜类(7种)及其它类化合物(7种),其中在鸭肉中新鉴定出40种挥发性风味成分。所鉴定的化合物主要是脂肪氧化降解产物,醛类物质、含硫含氮化合物以及呋喃类物质可能是构成盐水鸭风味的重要挥发性物质。     

基于SPME-GC-O-MS的清真酱牛肉加工过程中挥发性风味成分变化分析

以清真酱牛肉为研究对象,分析加工过程中挥发性风味物质的变化规律。利用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用结合嗅闻技术,分别对预煮、煮制1 h、煮制完成和浸泡冷却后的酱牛肉样品4 个阶段的挥发性风味物质进行定性定量分析。结果表明,清真酱牛肉加工过程中共鉴定出103 种挥发性风味物质,4 个阶段样品的挥发性风味物质种类数量分别为46、51、58 种和54 种,4 个阶段共有的风味化合物为18 种;加工过程中醛类、醚类、含氮含硫及杂环化合物相对含量呈增加趋势,酯类物质相对含量随加热逐渐下降,醇类、酮类和酸类物质相对含量无明显变化。     

兼香型年份酒中香味物质的分析

通过单因素试验优化顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）条件,并结合气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）技术研究兼香型年份酒中香味物质成分含量及差异。结果表明,最佳HS-SPME萃取条件为酒样酒精度14%vol,萃取温度40 ℃,萃取时间30 min,解吸时间5 min。GC-MS法共鉴定出67种挥发性风味物质,包括50种酯类,3种醇类,5种酸类,1种芳香族化合物,1种含硫化合物,2种呋喃类,3种酮类和2种醛类。酯类、醇类、酸类和呋喃类总含量随贮藏年份增长呈现上升趋势,醛类和酮类总含量变化规律不明显。经香气活度值（OAV）分析,确定出22种（OAV＞1）成分对白酒香味有贡献,其中有9种（OAV＞10）为重要香气成分,酯类为白酒香气的主要贡献物质。     

应用HS-SPME和GC/MS技术检测陇西腊肉中的风味物质

应用固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱法(SPME-GC-MS),分析检测了陇西腊肉的挥发性风味成分,共鉴定出42种挥发性风味物质,包括萜烯类化合物(9种),醛类物质(5种),酮类物质(3种),烃类物质(16种),醇类物质(4种),醚类物质(3种),含硫含氮及杂环化合物(2种)。萜烯化合物、醛类物质、含硫含氮及杂环化合物可能是构成陇西腊肉风味的主要挥发性物质。     

SPME-GC-MS联用检测东坡肘子中挥发性风味成分

采用固相微萃取-气质联用(SPME-GC-MS)的方法,对王家渡、惠通、蜀州、梅林及楼外楼5种东坡肘子中的挥发性风味成分进行分离鉴定。共鉴定出118种挥发性风味化合物,其中烃类41种,醛类16种,酮类9种,醚类2种,醇类18种,酯类4种,酸类2种,酚类7种,呋喃及含N、S类19种。其中烃类、醛类、醇类和呋喃及含N、S类物质对东坡肘子的风味可能有着较为显著的影响。     

顶空固相微萃取气质联用检测手抓羊肉挥发性风味成分

生姜、大葱是人们烹饪中最常用的天然香辛料。通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定生姜、大葱对清真手抓羊肉风味的影响。结果表明:在添加生姜、大葱的情况下,经高温煮制后,醛类、酯类、杂环类化合物等阈值较低的挥发性化合物含量增加,有效地改善了手抓羊肉的整体风味品质。从清真手抓羊肉中共检测出包括烃类、杂环类化合物、醛类、酯类、醇类、酮类、酸类、醚类等挥发性风味成分54种。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法分析仔姜与老姜的挥发性成分

以仔姜和老姜为原料,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法、以正癸烷为内标,分别对仔姜和老姜的挥发性成分进行分析。研究结果表明：从仔姜和老姜中共鉴定出89 种挥发性成分,其中仔姜中鉴定出63 种挥发性成分,主要包括37 种烃类、15 种醇类、6 种酯类、3 种醛类、2 种酮类,其主要挥发性成分为姜烯、橙花醇乙酸酯、β-雪松烯、α-法尼烯、（E）-柠檬醛、β-红没药烯;老姜中鉴定出68 种挥发性成分,主要包括45 种烃类、14 种醇类、3 种酯类、3 种醛类、3 种酮类,其主要挥发性成分为姜烯、α-姜黄烯、β-雪松烯、α-法尼烯、（E）-柠檬醛、β-红没药烯。     

Changes in the composition of volatile compounds and in microbiological and physicochemical parameters during pastırma processing

Changes in the composition of volatile compounds and in microbiological and physicochemical parameters of past?rma (Turkish dry-cured meat product) were studied during traditional processing. The pH value increased during the last stages of processing. While a_w values decreased throughout processing, TBARS and NPN levels increased regularly depending on the processing time. The microbiological analyses showed that Gram positive-catalase positive cocci were predominant microorganisms in past?rma. A total of forty eight volatile compounds were tentatively identified during past?rma processing, including esters, aliphatic hydrocarbons, sulphur-containing compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, terpenes and furans. Aldehydes reached their maximum level at the end of second drying. Among aldehydes, hexanal was the major component. In the final product, aromatic hydrocarbons had become the dominant chemical compounds.     

Characterization of the headspace volatile compounds of selected Spanish dry fermented sausages

The volatile profile of three different Spanish dry fermented sausages (`salchichón', `fuet' and `chorizo') was studied using dynamic capillary gas–liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) headspace analysis. Complex mixtures of esters, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes and terpenes characterized retail samples of each of these products. Esters were dominant components of the volatile compounds from one type of salchichón (salchichón 2), terpenes of the other type (salchichón 1) and of one type of fuet (fuet 2). Common to both types of fuet was a number of ketones and alcohols. `Chorizo' had similar high numbers of esters as `salchichón 2' but also had three sulphur-containing compounds which are known components of garlic and are used as an ingredient in chorizo.     

Volatile Compounds of Traditional Turkish Dry Fermented Sausage (Sucuk)

The profile of volatile compounds of a typical Turkish dry fermented sausage (sucuk) were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using a solid phase microextraction (SPME). The significant differences were found in the volatile profiles obtained in the five commercial brands analyzed. A total 92 compounds were identified. The volatile compounds were consisted of 5 acids, 7 esters, 10 aliphatic hydrocarbons, 7 alcohols, 5 aldehydes, 11 sulphur compounds, 2 ketones, 7 aromatic hydrocarbons, 27 terpenes, 2 nitrogen compounds, 3 phenols, and 6 compounds BCH. Terpenes were the chemical family with the highest proportion in four brands, ranged 56–76% of the total area of volatiles. Acids were major compounds (32%) in only one brand.     

应用液液萃取与分馏技术定性绵柔型蓝色经典微量挥发性成分

应用液液萃取和分馏技术研究了绵柔型洋河蓝色经典酒微量挥发性成分,经GC-MS检测,共检测到933个峰,已经鉴定的化合物672种,未鉴定但有色谱峰的化合物261种。白酒微量成分除原先检测到的醇类、醛类、酮类、酸类、酯类、芳香族、酚类、硫化物、呋喃类、氧杂环/环氧化合物、缩醛类、吡咯及吡啶类等化合物外,首次检测到萜烯与内酯类化合物。     

Quantification of volatile compounds in Chinese soy sauce aroma type liquor by stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

BACKGROUND: Considering the important of aroma compounds on the quality of baijiu, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was applied to the aromas analysis of baijiu (Chinese liquor). RESULTS: Based on the results of optimization, a total of 76 volatile compounds were identified from 14 Chinese liquors, including 25 esters, 10 alcohols, 9 aldehydes and ketones, 8 aromatic compounds, 5 furans, 3 nitrogen‐containing compounds, 6 acids, 4 phenols, 3 terpenes, 1 sulfide‐containing compound, 1 lactone, and 1 acetal. By principal component analysis based on quantification results, 14 Chinese liquor samples could be classified into three groups. CONCLUSION: SBSE is a fast, simple, effective, and reliable method for extracting volatile compounds from Chinese liquor. The chemometrics approach revealed that LJ liquor with soy sauce aroma could exhibit more prominent sauce flavor through extending the time of storage, and its peculiar manufacturing practice was responsible for the soy sauce flavor. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

顶空固相微萃取-气质联用分析大眼金枪鱼肉的挥发性成分

目的：探究生鲜及热处理大眼金枪鱼肉挥发成分的差异。方法：采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术分析大眼金枪鱼肉的挥发性风味成分,比较生鲜及热处理大眼金枪鱼肉的主要风味贡献物质。结果：从生鲜及热处理大眼金枪鱼肉中分别鉴定出36种和47种挥发性物质,主要是一些醛酮类、醇类、呋喃类化合物,它们协同作用构成了大眼金枪鱼肉特有的风味;生鲜大眼金枪鱼肉中醛类、醇类起主要作用,尤其是2,4-戊二烯醛(31.74%)、1-辛烯-3-醇(7.8%);热处理大眼金枪鱼肉中醛类、呋喃类对其风味贡献最大,相对含量分别为64.09%和11.41%。结论：醛类、醇类、酮类、呋喃类等化合物对鱼肉的风味贡献较大,热处理产生肉香味的原因可能脂肪、蛋白质的降解以及Maillard反应。     

顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析辅料对熟制草鱼鱼糜挥发性组分的影响

以草鱼熟制鱼糜为研究对象,利用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME)的萃取头吸附挥发性组分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术检测食盐、玉米淀粉、蛋清和生姜对熟制草鱼鱼糜挥发性组分的影响。经过物质鉴定表明,草鱼鱼糜熟制过程中主要的挥发性物质为醛类、酮类、醇类及烃类。食盐、玉米淀粉、蛋清对熟制草鱼鱼糜挥发性物质的种类影响较小,而对挥发性物质的相对含量有一定影响;生姜对熟制鱼糜挥发性组分的种类和相对含量影响较大。