超声波辅助提取猴头菇多糖及其抗氧化活性研究

采用超声波辅助提取猴头菇中的多糖,通过单因素试验和正交试验对提取条件进行优化。结果表明,超声波辅助提取猴头菇多糖的最佳工艺条件为:超声波功率300W、超声时间15min、液料比15mL/g、超声2次,在此条件下猴头菇多糖的提取率为16.96%。同时,猴头菇多糖体外抗氧化试验表明,猴头菇多糖对·OH和DPPH自由基均有较好的清除效果。当猴头菇含量为0.10mg/mL时,其对·OH的清除率可达60%,当含量为15mg/mL时,其对DPPH自由基的清除率可达到80%,但几乎没有还原能力。     

响应面优化紫果西番莲多糖提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

以紫果西番莲为研究对象,采用单因素试验和响应面分析法优化紫果西番莲果肉多糖的提取工艺,考察液料比、超声时间、超声功率和超声温度对其多糖提取量的影响;以清除DPPH自由基和·OH能力评价紫果西番莲果肉多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明:紫果西番莲果肉多糖最佳提取工艺为:液料比5 mL/g、超声时间20 min、超声功率330 W和超声温度70℃,测得紫果西番莲多糖的提取量为98.82 mg/g;紫果西番莲果肉多糖有一定的DPPH自由基和·OH的清除能力,其清除DPPH自由基、·OH的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为66.97μg/mL和0.23 mg/mL。     

黄芥籽多糖超声辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

以多糖提取率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面试验优化黄芥籽多糖的超声辅助提取工艺,并采用DPPH·和·OH清除法评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,黄芥籽多糖超声辅助提取最佳工艺条件为:提取温度51℃,提取时间25 min,超声功率280 W,料液比1∶40。在最佳工艺条件下,黄芥籽多糖提取率为14.18%。黄芥籽多糖与BHT对DPPH·的半清除率(IC~(50))分别为0.177 mg/mL和0.107 mg/mL,对·OH的IC~(50)分别为0.24 mg/mL和0.22 mg/mL,表明黄芥籽多糖具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

超声波辅助提取菠萝皮渣多糖及其抗氧化活性研究

采用超声波技术辅助提取菠萝皮渣多糖,利用正交设计实验优化其提取工艺,并利用体外实验研究该多糖对羟自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力及其还原能力,以评价其抗氧化活性。研究结果表明,超声波辅助提取最佳工艺参数为:料液比1∶50(m/v),时间40 min,温度60℃,功率为570 W,该条件下多糖的得率为2.38%;在本实验浓度范围(1.50~3.50 mg/m L)内,菠萝皮渣多糖对·OH的清除率随其浓度的增加而增加,但清除能力均低于同浓度VC,清除DPPH·自由基的IC_(50)为2.47 mg/m L,对Fe~(3+)的还原能力随多糖浓度的增加而增加。可见,超声波辅助提取工艺效果较好,能缩短提取时间,提高菠萝皮渣多糖的得率;体外抗氧化实验表明菠萝皮渣多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性。从菠萝皮渣中提取活性多糖,可以变废为宝,实现菠萝资源的高值化利用。     

超声细胞破碎辅助提取江永香菇多糖工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

为优化江永香菇多糖提取工艺,采用超声波细胞破碎辅以热水浸提,通过单因素试验考察超声时间、超声功率、料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度5个因素对香菇多糖得率的影响,以香菇多糖得率为响应值,采用响应面设计优化工艺,同时对提取的香菇多糖进行抗氧化活性研究。结果表明,提取的最佳工艺条件为:超声时间6 min、浸提温度78℃、浸提时间51 min。在此条件下,江永香菇多糖的得率可达到29.71%。超声波细胞破碎法辅以热水浸提得到的江永香菇多糖体外清除DPPH自由基能力的IC_(50)值为0.35 mg/mL,清除ABTS+自由基能力的IC_(50)值为1.76 mg/mL,相同浓度下,其DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS~+自由基清除能力均高于热水回流法提取得到的江永香菇多糖。     

微波辅助提取龙葵果多糖及抗氧化活性研究

采用单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面试验优化了龙葵果多糖的微波辅助提取工艺,通过DPPH自由基和OH自由基清除试验评价龙葵果多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明:微波辅助提取龙葵果多糖的最优工艺参数为液料比25∶1(mL/g)、微波功率730 W、微波时间288 s,在此条件下,多糖提取量为11.51 mg/g(n=3,RSD=0.28%)。龙葵果多糖对DPPH自由基和OH自由基均表现出较好的清除能力,IC50值分别为0.62 mg/mL和0.44 mg/mL。Box-Behnken响应面法优化得到的工艺参数可用于提取龙葵果多糖,龙葵果多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化性可用于开发健康食品。     

北沙参多糖的提取工艺、理化性质及生物活性研究

在单因素试验的基础上采用响应面法对北沙参多糖的提取工艺进行优化,得到超声波提取北沙参多糖的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度65℃,超声时间22 min,液料比22:1(mL/g),该条件下多糖提取率为12.13%。制备的北沙参多糖具有多糖的典型特征,总糖含量为90.4%,蛋白含量为1.22%,热降解温度为300.32℃。通过考察北沙参多糖对DPPH自由基(IC_(50)为1.99 mg/mL)、OH自由基(IC_(50)为1.71mg/mL)和α-葡萄糖苷酶(IC_(50)为5.23mg/mL)的清除或抑制能力,表明北沙参多糖具有一定的清除自由基的能力和潜在的降血糖活性。     

响应曲面法优化海红果水溶性多糖提取工艺及抗氧化活性的研究

采用响应曲面法优化海红果水溶性多糖(MPB)提取工艺的条件。在单因素实验基础上依据回归分析确定最佳工艺条件为:提取温度86℃,提取时间4h,料液比1∶28g/mL,MPB的实际提取率可达8.33%。用MPB对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)、DPPH自由基进行清除能力和还原力的测定,研究MPB的抗氧化能力。结果表明,MPB对·OH、O2-·、DPPH均有一定的清除能力,对DPPH的清除作用尤为明显,当质量浓度达到1mg/mL时,清除率达到87.12%,接近VC的94.47%,且MPB清除DPPH的IC50值为1.181mg/mL。     

虫草花多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化特性

采用超声辅助法提取虫草花多糖,在单因素试验的基础上,通过L9（34）正交试验优化了虫草花多糖提取工艺;并就虫草花多糖对羟基自由基（·OH）、1,1-苯基-2-苦肼基（DPPH）自由基的清除作用和还原能力进行研究。结果表明：虫草花多糖最佳提取工艺条件为超声功率300 W,液料比30∶1（mL∶g）,超声时间30 min,超声温度45 ℃。在此优化条件下,多糖的平均提取率为3.88%。抗氧化活性试验结果表明,虫草花多糖质量浓度在2.9～14.7 mg/L范围内,随着虫草花多糖质量浓度的增加,其OH、DPPH自由基清除能力及还原能力均逐渐增强,虫草花多糖质量浓度为14.7 mg/L时,对·OH和DPPH·清除率分别达到44.39%和56.34%,说明虫草花多糖具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

猴面包树果多糖超声辅助提取及其抗氧化活性研究

采用超声波辅助提取法制备猴面包树果多糖。在单因素试验的基础上,通过Box-Behnken方法进行三因素三水平的响应面优化试验,确定最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶33(g/mL),提取温度68℃,提取时间1.5 h,超声功率342 W,提取2次,在此条件下,多糖提取率达到(45.03±0.76)%。通过DPPH·清除试验、ABTS~+·清除试验、还原能力试验对所提多糖的抗氧化活性进行考查,结果显示,在所设浓度范围内,随着质量浓度的增加,其DPPH·清除能力、ABTS~+·清除能力及铁氰化钾还原能力均逐渐增强。猴面包树果多糖对DPPH·清除的半最大效应浓度(concentration for 50%of maximal effect,EC_(50))值为2.53 mg/mL,对ABTS~+·清除的EC_(50)值为5.5 mg/mL。试验结果证明猴面包树果多糖具有较好的体外抗氧化性活性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.