一株产细菌素乳酸菌的分离和鉴定

从市售3种酸乳中分离得到4株乳酸菌,通过发酵液的抑菌实验确定S1菌株为细菌素产生菌,综合S1菌株的形态学特征、生理生化特征将其初步鉴定为乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis.)。在排除过氧化氢和有机酸对指示菌的抑制作用后,确定该菌株产生的抑菌物质为细菌素,该细菌素对大肠杆菌具有较好抑制作用。     

华贵栉孔扇贝肠道产细菌素乳酸菌的分离筛选

采用双层牛津杯扩散法,以单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为指示菌,测定南海海域华贵栉孔扇贝肠道中分离到的乳酸菌的抑菌活性。对具有抑菌活性菌株的发酵液进行排酸、排过氧化氢实验,及胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶敏感实验以筛选产细菌素菌株,并对细菌素进行温度、酸碱稳定性研究。结果显示:菌株ZY-F2的发酵液对食品中常见的腐败菌、致病菌有良好的抑制作用,蛋白酶酶解实验发现其抑菌物质具有蛋白质性质,初步确定为细菌素。该菌株发酵液经121℃处理15 min后相对抗菌活性为81.54%,且在pH2.0～6.0酸性范围内表现出抑菌活性。根据形态、生理生化鉴定及16S rRNA序列同源性分析,菌株ZY-F2被鉴定为食物魏斯氏菌(Weissella cibaria)。     

1株产细菌素乳酸菌的鉴定及所产细菌素的诱导合成现象

从发酵大蒜中筛选到一株具有抑菌作用的菌株Br26,通过用不同蛋白酶处理判断该菌株是否为细菌素产生菌。随后,通过分析自身发酵上清液与其他乳酸菌对细菌素合成的影响,探讨该细菌素的诱导合成现象。结果表明：菌株Br26的发酵上清液经胃蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性降低,确定该菌为细菌素产生菌,经16S rDNA鉴定为Weissella sp. Br26。Weissella sp. Br26在42 ℃、1/4 MRS培养时,细菌素抑菌活性消失,而当添加不同生长时期的发酵上清液时,抑菌活性显著增加,表明该细菌素可进行自我诱导。另一方面,Weissella sp. Br26与卷曲乳杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌和肠膜明串珠菌的活菌共同培养后,发酵液pH值未有明显变化,但细菌素抑菌活性显著增加,表明细菌素的合成亦可受其他乳酸菌的诱导。综上,Weissella sp. Br26细菌素的合成是受自身发酵液及其他菌诱导调控的。     

产细菌素乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

利用溶钙圈法及牛津杯双层平板法,从欧洲萨拉米香肠、新疆奶酪、自发酵泡菜和韩式辣白菜中分离筛选产细菌素的乳酸菌,通过形态学、生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA将菌株鉴定到种,并对其细菌素基因进行克隆,确定细菌素种类。结果表明:从分离纯化到的206株乳酸菌中筛选出抑菌效果较好的菌株SA102、SA104、N105、N107、N108,在排除酸、过氧化氢等干扰因素后,菌株所产抑菌物质对蛋白酶敏感,初步判定起抑菌作用的是细菌素。16S r DNA结果表明这5株产细菌素的菌株2株为乳酸乳杆菌,3株为植物乳杆菌,通过设计引物对菌株细菌素基因进行PCR快速筛选,结果表明菌株N107、N108含有IIb类细菌素Plantaricin KJ基因编码序列,生理生化指标测试证实这些产细菌素菌株不产气、不产氨、不产硫化氢、不产粘、不产色素,具有较好的生物安全性。最后对发酵液中细菌素粗提物的酸碱稳定性和温度稳定性进行了初步探究,以期为将来细菌素的进一步实际应用提供一定的理论借鉴。     

清酒乳杆菌ZJ220产细菌素的研究

从生鲜牛乳中分离获得1株能够产生抑菌活性物质的菌株,在排除有机酸、过氧化氢的干扰后,该菌发酵上清液仍有明显的抑菌活性。以蛋白酶K、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶处理发胶上清液后其抑菌活性消失,试验表明该菌株产生的抑菌活性物质具有蛋白质性质,初步确定为一种细菌素。经生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定该菌为清酒乳杆菌,命名为Lactobacillus sakei ZJ220。细菌素经疏水洗脱、离子交换、凝胶过滤3步法得到纯化。经Tricine-SDS-PAGE分析该细菌素分子质量为6.0 ku。抑菌谱测定结果表明,该细菌素不仅能抑制革兰氏阳性菌,而且能抑制革兰氏阴性菌。经不同酸、热处理,该细茵素仍有较好的抑菌活性。     

一株产细菌素细菌CGMCC 6624分离鉴定及其生物学特性

采用牛津杯法,从山西陈醋新鲜醋醅中分离筛选得到1株产广谱、高效抑菌活性物质的细菌CGMCC 6624。采用酸抑菌排除试验、过氧化氢抑菌排除试验、蛋白酶消化试验、研究菌株生长与抑菌物质代谢特性的关系和菌株CGMCC 6624对自产抑菌物质的免疫性,结果表明细菌CGMCC 6624发酵产生的抑菌物质为H2O2和细菌素。基于形态学观察、生理生化特征分析及16S rDNA基因序列系统发育分析的微生物分类鉴定技术,菌株CGMCC 6624 被鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。通过对酸碱、温度、乙醇度的耐受性的研究发现,该菌株可在pH 2～11、乙醇体积分数0%～8%、温度25～50 ℃条件下生长,最优培养温度 30 ℃,pH 5.0。本研究结果为该菌株在微生态制剂和细菌素的开发利用及在山西传统酿造食品中的应用奠定基础。     

产细菌素嗜盐四联球菌的筛选及鉴定

从传统露天酿造工艺的酱油中分离出12株乳球菌,对其进行形态、生理生化特性研究及16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为嗜盐四联球菌。在排除酸作用后,WZ-3菌株发酵液对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌具有较好的抑菌活性,经胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶处理后,发酵液抑菌活性略有下降。因此初步认为该菌株为产细菌素的嗜盐四联球菌。     

产广谱细菌素口乳杆菌菌株的筛选和鉴定

从冷藏鲜肉制品中分离筛选到的36株乳酸菌中筛选出1株对指示菌具有明显抑菌作用的菌株,排除有机酸、过氧化氢等干扰因素后,该菌株发酵液仍有很强的抑菌作用.胃蛋白酶处理导致其抑菌活性急剧下降,表明该抑菌物质具有蛋白质性质,是一种细菌素.抑菌谱实验显示,这是一类广谱细菌素.通过形态学、生理生化特性分析,该菌株被初步鉴定为口乳杆菌.     

产Ⅱa类细菌素乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定与生物学特性的研究

使用牛津杯筛选法从发酵泡菜中筛选到1株对大肠杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和米曲霉具有抑制作用的乳酸菌BC-3,排除有机酸、H2O2干扰及蛋白酶处理失活,确定了抑菌物质为细菌素,发现该细菌素在pH5.0～12.0的条件下都有抑菌活性;在100℃热处理20min后活性基本不变。通过生理生化试验对该菌株进行了初步鉴定,结果显示,BC-3菌株归属为屎肠球菌(Entorococcus faecium),根据细菌素的一般分类原则将该细菌归类为IIa类细菌素。     

泡菜中产细菌素菌株的分离及细菌素性质的初步研究

从四川泡菜中分离得到一株产细菌素的菌株,经形态学、生理生化鉴定等试验,初步鉴定此菌株为乳酸菌。对其所产细菌素做温度、pH、蛋白酶的敏感性试验,实验结果表明,发酵上清液中的抑菌物质对胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶较敏感,菌株所产细菌素在高温(121℃20min)和酸性条件(pH 3.0～5.0)下均有较强的抑菌活性,可以较好地抑制革兰氏阳性、阴性菌,筛选得到的菌株所产细菌素是一类具有广谱抑菌活性的细菌素。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the