招投标在控制和管理工程造价中的研究

改革开放以来,城市建设发展速度加快,建筑行业也得到快速发展。随着建筑行业的发展,施工企业单位越来越多,招投标制度管理便应时代发展而兴起。为了规范建筑市场,招投标管理制度起了很大的作用。招投标工作是建筑项目工作开展的首要步骤,招投标阶段产生的中标价格也是合同设定价格的基础,所以招投标工作是十分重要的。但是,我国目前的建筑项目招投标管理工作中仍存在一些问题,如投标人围标和窜标、文件编制不合理、评标专家不尽职等,因此加强招投标工作中工程造价控制,对于招投标工作的良好开展有着重要意义。     

评标过程对投标人财务能力的分析要点综述

我国的招投标事业发展迅速,招投标制度日趋完善。在招标过程中,招标人为了避免风险,对投标人履约能力进行评估或审查是非常必要的。就评标过程对投标人财务能力的分析要点进行简单的综述。     

浅谈施工企业成本控制

随着我国市场经济的发展,工程招投标法的实施,最低价中标评标法的普遍应用,致使施工企业的竞争日益激烈,再加上不规范竞争、原材料价格上涨等,直接导致施工企业经济效益下滑,竞争压力大,生存环境不容乐观。因此,施工企业要想生存发展,就必须坚持科学原则,遵循正确程序,抓住关键环节并采取相应措施,努力控制成本,提高效益。     

浅谈建设工程招投标中存在的问题及监管的重要性

招投标中存在的问题,诸如工程量清单计算错误,漏项;企业的挂靠;串标等问题,直接影响标后监管,引起工程转包、分包;工程随意签证、变更;以及拖欠、克扣民工工资等事件屡有发生。实际上,问题并不仅在于招投标制度的本身,而是建筑市场的执行环境,也是因为施工监管中存在诸多的漏洞,让投标人有机可乘,以身范险。因此监管不能仅限于招标程序上的监督,更应注重招投标后期监管。     

在评标中如何对财务报表进行分析

对投标人递交的财务报表的分析,是招标过程中对投标人履约能力评估的主要依据之一。本文论述了评标人对投标人提供的财务报表如何进行分析,从而得出正确的判断,选择真正具备履约能力的投标人。     

工程量清单报价应用中的思考

工程量清单计价模式已成为建设市场招投标发展的趋势,在这种趋势下,合理有效的工程量清单报价对项目是否中标有至关重要的作用。所谓的工程量清单报价主要是指投标人根据招标人提供的工程量清单,并按照工程量清单中相应的工程数量及其对应的单价进行整合后,得到的建安工程预算,这些预算数据就是投标人在投标过程中价格的依凭,即工程量清单报价。文章主要对工程量清单报价的相关方面进行探讨,旨在为一线工作人员提供类似的知识了解。     

建筑工程招投标程序探析

招投标是规范我国建筑市场的重要措施,它一方面可以通过竞争确定工程价格,使其趋于合理化。提高投资效益进而更好地控制工程的造价。另一方面也能避免部分施工企业在招投标阶段,对工程清单预算往往没有进行审计清查,导致工程量的预算清单出现大量问题。本文在论述现行建筑工程的招投标程序的同时,论述如何做好招投标工作的关键要点。     

浅谈电力工程项目招投标

自从我国加入了WTO以来,国内建设蓬勃发展,电力工程建设更是无处不在,有工程建设的地方就会有电力工程的影子。随着电力工程工作在全国各地全面展开,由于机制不完善,法制不健全,致使当前的招投标现状仍存在不少不容忽视的问题。例如:招投标工作中存在的腐败问题等。为了改进和完善现行建设工程招投标工作,提高监理成效,应采取新的评标方法,减少串标行为。按照"公开、公正、公平"和诚实信用的原则,建立起统一、开放、竞争、有序的建筑市场,才能促进建筑市场秩序逐步走向规范化,法制化的轨道,才能不断提高工程招投标工作的质量和水平     

微机在食品卫生统计上的应用

1、结构的建立。我们把所有指标建立在一个数据库中,另外增加了三个字段,BZ1,BZ2,BZ3字段,其中 BZ1是用来区分地区,BZ2字段是区分十八种食品的,BZ3是用来代表时间(按月份)。这样我们建立了包括地区、品种、监测时间和各种指标的数据结构。2、输入判断。用户可根据屏幕提示输入监测的指标。输入各指标后,程序自动转去执行合格判断程序,程序可以根据输入的情况自动判断此监测数据是否符合食品卫生标     

聚缬氨酸修饰电极法测定食品中2, 6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚的方法研究

目的 建立一种快速、灵敏地测定食品中2, 6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚的新方法。方法 通过探讨聚缬氨酸修饰电极的制备条件,确定了采用循环伏安法制备聚缬氨酸修饰电极的最优聚合条件,研究了2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚在此电极上的电化学行为。试验从测定pH、电位、扫描速率等方面进一步探讨了测定2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚最佳条件。在最优条件下找出了氧化峰电流与浓度的线性关系,作为工作曲线,进一步对食品中的2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚进行了测定。结果 在pH=4.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚的氧化峰电流与其浓度在4.0×10_^-7～4.0×10_^-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系,线性方程：ipa=1.27×10-7+0.23c(mol/L),相关系数为0.9962,检出限4.0×10_^-8mol/L。结论 方法简单、快速、灵敏,已运用在食品中2, 6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚的检测,获得了满意的结果。此研究建立了测定食品中2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚的新方法。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press