克氏原螯虾壳虾青素微胶囊制备工艺的优化

以β-环糊精为壁材,阿拉伯胶为辅材,对克氏原螯虾壳虾青素进行微胶囊化包埋。通过单因素试验探讨壁材种类、壁材添加量、芯材添加量、搅拌时间、搅拌温度等因素对虾青素微胶囊制备效果的影响,并通过响应面法确定微胶囊制备工艺最佳条件为:80%β-环糊精+20%阿拉伯胶添加量0.19 g/m L、芯材添加量2.68%、搅拌时间50 min、搅拌温度40.9℃,在此条件下虾青素包埋率达到92.89%。     

洋葱皮黄酮微胶囊技术研究

通过制备洋葱皮黄酮微胶囊,以提高洋葱皮黄酮的稳定性。实验以β-环糊精为壁材,研究了分子包埋法制备微胶囊工艺中不同因素对微胶囊化包埋率的影响。结果表明:芯材与壁材的最佳配比为1∶11.49,搅拌时间60.6min,搅拌温度61℃。在此条件下,产品微胶囊化效率达到41.26%。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖为壁材的苹果多酚微胶囊制备及缓释

研究以魔芋葡甘聚糖为壁材以苹果多酚为芯材,采用冷冻干燥的方法,制备复合微胶囊。对微胶囊制备的壁材浓度,芯壁材质量比和反应温度为单因素进行试验,再利用Design expert 8.0.6.1设计试验,以包埋率为指标,得到制备方法的最优条件。并对微胶囊进行缓释试验。结果表明:壁材浓度和芯壁材质量比对包埋率的影响最显著,温度对微胶囊的制备影响较大;较适宜的微胶囊制备条件为:壁材浓度2.2%,芯壁材料质量比1∶11,反应温度41.51℃。此条件下预测可得到的微胶囊的包埋率为88.3%,实际包埋率为88.2%。在6h缓释试验中,模拟胃液释中放率为45.8%,模拟肠液中释放率为67.5%,具有良好的缓释效果。     

喷雾干燥法制备可控释微胶囊及其释放性能研究

分别以VB1、ACE抑制肽和牛血清白蛋白为芯材,以聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ和乙基纤维素水分散体为壁材,按芯材/壁材比为1:10,喷雾干燥法制备微胶囊,并研究芯材在模拟胃肠液中的释放性能。分析结果表明,聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ微胶囊为表面光滑的圆球,乙基纤维素水分散体微胶囊表面有凹陷,芯材包埋率均大于98%。聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ微胶囊在模拟胃液中120 min芯材累计释放率小于10%,在模拟肠液中60 min则完全释放;乙基纤维素水分散体微胶囊在模拟胃肠液中芯材释放速率基本一致,120 min累计释放率达70%以上。以聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ为壁材的微胶囊可以实现在胃肠液中可控制释放芯材。     

红枣黄酮微胶囊制备条件的研究

以红枣黄酮为芯材,β-环糊精为壁材,采用分子包埋法制备红枣黄酮微胶囊。研究β-环糊精的浓度,芯材和壁材的配比,搅拌时间以及搅拌温度4个因素对红枣黄酮微胶囊包埋率的影响,最终利用正交试验来确定其最佳工艺条件。结果表明包埋法制备红枣黄酮微胶囊的最佳工艺为:芯材与壁材的配比为1∶1.5(质量比),搅拌时间为50 min,β-环糊精浓度为14%,搅拌温度为30℃,经试验验证包埋率可达到45.2%。     

薏米黄酮微胶囊的制备及缓释特性

为开发一种制备薏米黄酮微胶囊的新工艺,以获得稳定的黄酮天然产物,利用β-环糊精对薏米黄酮进行分子包埋。在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面方法优化薏米黄酮微胶囊的最佳制备条件。结果表明,薏米黄酮微胶囊制备最佳工艺参数为：芯壁质量比1:2.4、搅拌时间41 min、壁材浓度10.0%(w/V),该条件下的包埋率为53.8%。此微胶囊较为稳定,且在模拟胃液中释放特性良好。     

毛葱油微胶囊制备工艺的研究

以石油醚提取的毛葱油为芯材,选用β-环糊精为壁材对其进行包埋。以包埋率为测定指标,以芯壁比、搅拌时间、搅拌温度为研究因素,通过响应面软件优化确定毛葱油微胶囊制备的最佳工艺流程为芯壁比1∶5.6、搅拌时间2 h、搅拌温度45℃。在此条件下得到毛葱油微胶囊包埋率为41.56%。     

微胶囊化柿单宁的制备及性质分析

用辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和大豆分离蛋白作为复合壁材,采用喷雾干燥技术,对柿单宁进行微胶囊,从包埋率和经济条件考虑,壁材和芯材的比例为20:1(m/m)为最佳。微胶囊包埋率为94.3%,包埋产率为92.4%。正交实验所得制备微胶囊最佳条件为进风温度388 K、进料速率3.0×10~(-3) L/s、风机0.050 m~3/s,此条件下的实验集粉率为92.03%。通过微胶囊粒度分析、扫描电镜、红外光谱分析可知,复合壁材和柿单宁存在包埋作用,微胶囊表现出壁材的特性。理化性质分析表明:微胶囊化使单宁的水溶性增加了10倍;微胶囊单宁受到壁材的保护仍然表现出很大的抗氧化能力和清除DPPH自由基能力,且在水溶液体系中的稳定性大大提高;微胶囊在能很好地在胃液和肠道释放,且肠道释放效果比胃液好,在40 min可以释放80%左右。     

复凝聚法制备松籽油微胶囊工艺优化及其氧化稳定性分析

以明胶与阿拉伯胶为壁材,采用复凝聚法包埋松籽油制备松籽油微胶囊。考察壁材比(明胶与阿拉伯胶体积比)、芯壁比、壁材质量分数、复凝聚时间对微胶囊包埋率的影响,通过正交试验优化微胶囊制备工艺,并对制备的微胶囊理化特性及氧化稳定性进行分析。结果表明松籽油微胶囊制备的优化工艺条件为壁材比2∶1、芯壁比2∶3、壁材质量分数2%、复凝聚时间50 min,在此条件下微胶囊包埋率达到87.23%。制备的松籽油微胶囊含水率为5.1%,溶解度为98.09%,具有较好的溶解性;通过傅里叶转换红外光谱及扫描电子显微镜分析证明了微胶囊的形成;差示扫描量热分析结果显示,微胶囊热溶解温度较高,在室温下热稳定性良好。包埋后的松籽油经加速贮藏实验表明微胶囊化可以提高松籽油的氧化稳定性,延长松籽油贮藏期。     

响应面法优化薄荷香精微胶囊制备工艺的研究

以壳聚糖、海藻酸钠作为壁材,用复凝聚相法对薄荷香精进行包埋,通过海藻酸钠的单因素实验确定壳聚糖和海藻酸钠比例为1∶1,运用响应面分析法优化影响微胶囊包埋的主要因素:壁材浓度、芯材/壁材比、pH和搅拌速度,采用多元二次回归方程拟合上述四个因素与包埋率的函数关系,确定了复凝聚相法制备微胶囊的最佳条件为芯材/壁材比1∶1.5,搅拌速度2500r/min,壁材浓度0.5%和pH4.4,在此条件下包埋率为82.4%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the