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表面活性剂对锡镀层织构和形貌的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以化学镀非晶态镍磷合金和多晶铜片为墓底,研究分析了聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)、聚乙二醇(相对分子质量6000)(PEG)和明胶三种表面活性剂对硫酸体系锡镀层结构和表面形貌的影响。锡镀层的织构和表面形貌与表面活性剂的种类和基底的性质有关。Triton X-100使Ni-P合金基底沉积的镀层以β-Sn的(220)晶面择优,铜基底上则以(200)晶面择优,并使晶体细化均匀。PEG使Ni-P上的镀层以(220)晶面为主,在多晶铜基底上变为(211)晶面为主,晶粒的大小不均匀。在含明胶的镀液中,两种基底上的镀层的主要衍射峰都是(101)晶面的衍射峰,但表面形貌有很大的变化。 相似文献
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在电流密度为0.01~0.05 A/cm~2的条件下进行光亮锡镀。研究了电流密度对阴极过电位、电流效率及镀层厚度的影响,并用SEM和XRD对镀层的表面形貌和晶粒的择优取向进行了表征。结果表明:随着电流密度的增大,阴极过电位和镀层厚度不断增加,电流效率先增大后减小。在较低的电流密度下得到的镀层表面较为均匀、致密;当电流密度高于0.03 A/cm~2时,镀层表面出现较多孔隙,粗糙度增加。不同电流密度下,晶粒的择优取向不同。当电流密度高于0.03 A/cm~2时,晶粒的择优取向由(101)晶面和(211)晶面向(220)晶面转变。 相似文献
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在电流密度为2.5~16.0A/dm~2的条件下,于65Mn钢上制备了Ni-TiB_2复合镀层。使用扫描电镜观察了镀层的表面形貌,并使用X射线衍射仪对镀层的晶体结构进行了表征,分析了镀层的晶面取向和晶粒尺寸。结果表明:随着电流密度从2.5A/dm~2增大到16.0A/dm2,镀层的表面形貌发生明显变化,(111)、(220)和(311)晶面的衍射强度基本是逐渐减弱,而(200)晶面的衍射强度先逐渐增强后逐渐减弱。镀层的择优取向由(311)晶面转变为(200)晶面,平均晶粒尺寸先逐渐减小后增大。 相似文献
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非软熔锡板上镀锡层的晶体织构与其保护性能的关系 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
给出了非软熔锡板上薄镀锡层(0.3 μm或每面2.19 g/m2)的定性及定量织构分析结果.锡板上锌镀层的晶体织构具有(101)和(100)沿轴取向、垂直于表面及任意组成等特征.在沉积过程中,主轴(101)分量的定量特征变化取决于电流密度.影响镀锡层保护性能的主要因素之一是其中(101)轴向理想织构的形成.通过形成最优... 相似文献
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甲基磺酸锡光亮镀锡工艺研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了甲基磺酸锡(MSAS)、甲基磺酸(MSA)、电流密度、温度以及添加剂等工艺参数对甲基磺酸锡镀锡沉积速率的影响,确定的最优工艺条件为:MSAS 90 g/L,MSA 140 g/L,添加剂A(含酚类抗氧化剂和主光亮剂)25 mL/L,添加剂B(含非离子表面活性剂和辅助光亮剂)6 mL/L,温度30 ℃,电流密度5A/dm2.甲基磺酸锡镀锡沉积速率快,镀液的电流效率高,分散能力好,覆盖能力优良,镀层的耐氧化性能强,焊接性能和耐腐蚀性能优异. 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献
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醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。 相似文献