热残余应变对金属基复合材料拉,压性能的影响

利用作者改进的等效夹杂理论定量了研究了热残余应变对晶须增强金属基复合材料拉、压性能的影响，解释了非铸态复合材料拉、压性能存在差别的原因，对２０％ＳｉＣ２／Ａｌ材料的拉、压性能和断口的ＳＥＭ观察表明，本文理论合理反映了晶须增强金属基复合材料的塑性强化规律，说明热残余应变是影响晶须增强金属基属复合材料的重要因素，为该为材料的性能预报和优化设计提供了理论方法。     

短纤维／晶须增强金属基复合材料的弹塑性本构关系

研究了短纤维／晶须增强金属基复合材料在弹塑性变形中的应变分布,得到了增强体与基体应变的统计规律、提出了短纤维／晶须增强金属基复合材料的材料模型、导出了相应的弹塑性本构关系,预测了硼酸铝晶须增强Al基([AlBO]w／Al)复合材料单轴拉伸应力应变关系．结果与实验吻合良好。     

颗粒增强镁基复合材料热残余应力及其对宏观力学性能的影响

采用有限元方法对Si CP/AZ91复合材料制备后的热残余应力进行了数值模拟,建立了平面应力多颗粒随机分布的几何模型,研究了颗粒形状对该复合材料热残余应力的影响。通过简化模型,研究了受静态外力载荷时复合材料内部的热残余应力场变化。同时利用Taylor非局部应变梯度塑性理论和有限元法相结合,研究了热残余应力、颗粒形状及颗粒尺寸效应对颗粒增强金属基复合材料拉伸变形行为的影响。同时还说明了热残余应力对基体塑性变形的影响过程。     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料热残余应力研究进展

本文综述了颗粒增强金属基复合材料热残余应力的国内外研究进展,分析了颗粒增强金属基复合材料中热残余应力的产生及影响因素,介绍了金属基复合材料残余热应力的解析模型和有限元模型等理论模型及测量方法。     

低温处理对SiCp／6061Al复合材料残余应力的影响

对时效状态及－６０℃和－１９６℃低温处理状态的Ｓｉｃ_ｐ／６０６１Ａｌ（ＳｉＣ体积分数为２０％）复合材料中的热残余应力进行了Ｘ射线应力测定及有限元分析．实验与计算结果均表明，随着低温处理温度的下降，复合材料基体相中的平均残余应力由拉应力逐渐变成了压应力，增强相中的平均残余应力由压应力逐渐变成了拉应力．但是，低温处理后材料内部仍然存在着应力梯度和应力集中，基体相中仍然存在着拉应力区．     

TiB_2/SiC_w陶瓷复合材料的研究

采用热压工艺制备了TiB_2／SiC_w陶瓷复合材料。在TiB_2基体中添加适量的SiC_w晶须，可显著的提高材料的断裂韧性和抗弯强度。采用有限元法计算了由于基体和晶须熟膨胀系数失配所产生的残余应力及其分布，分析热胀失配所产生的残余应力对材料增韧特性的影响。结果表明：晶须径向及轴向均受残余压应力的作用；晶须拔出和桥联为该复合材料的主要增韧机制。     

可计及温度与层状结构影响的超高温陶瓷基复合材料涂层残余热应力理论表征模型

目的创建可计及温度与层状结构共同影响的超高温陶瓷基复合材料涂层与基体层因热不匹配导致的残余热应力的理论表征模型。方法基于经典的层合板理论与超高温陶瓷基复合材料热物理性能参数对温度的敏感性研究,引入温度和层状结构对涂层与基体层所受残余热应力的影响,形成各层残余热应力温度相关性的理论表征方法,并以ZrB_2-SiC复合材料涂层为例,利用该理论方法系统地研究了各种控制机制对残余热应力的影响及其随温度的演化规律。结果超高温陶瓷基复合材料涂层与基体层所受的残余热应力随着温度的变化而变化,涂层热膨胀系数与基体层热膨胀系数差别越大,变化幅度越大。当涂层材料热膨胀系数大于基体层材料热膨胀系数时,涂层材料遭受残余拉应力,基体层材料遭受残余压应力;随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层所受拉应力减小,而基体层所受压应力增大;当涂层材料热膨胀系数小于基体层材料热膨胀系数时,涂层材料遭受残余压应力,基体层材料遭受残余拉应力;随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层所受压应力减小,而基体层所受拉应力增大。低温下,各层所受残余热应力对层厚与每层材料组成的变化比较敏感,随着温度的升高,敏感性降低。结论对于涂层材料,应设计涂层材料的热膨胀系数小于基体层材料的热膨胀系数,使涂层遭受残余压应力,这不仅能够降低材料表面产生裂纹的危险,同时可以抑制表面已有缺陷的扩展。同时应当设计相对较小的涂层厚度,以增大涂层所受的残余压应力,降低基体层所受的残余拉应力,有效提高整体材料在不同温度下的强度性能。     

铸造混杂增强金属基复合材料研究进展

对混杂增强金属基复合材料的铸造方法，常见的4种增强体混杂类型，连续纤维／颗粒（晶须），短纤维（晶须）／短纤维，短纤维（晶须）／颗粒，颗粒／颗粒混杂增强金属基复合材料的基础研究现状进行了综述，分析和讨论，指出开发预制体制备方法，制备出增强体混杂均匀的参制体，以及研究增强体的行为交互作用和机理是混杂增强金属基复合材料领域的进一步研究方向。     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料的屈服行为

运用空间轴对称弹塑性有限元方法和混合律模型，给出了应力应变分配系数与复合材料的弹性模量，屈服强度以及切线模量之间的定量关系式，并由此提出了一种新的定义颗粒增强金属基复合材料比例极限和屈服行为的方法，进而研究了颗粒形状（球体，正圆柱体以及椭球体）和材料结构参数（颗粒体积分数和颗粒根间距）对颗粒增强金属基复合材料拉伸变形行为的影响。研究表明，通过研究应力应变分析系数及其二阶导数来确定复合材料屈服行为的方法不仅适用于短纤维增强金属基复合材料，而且也适用于颗粒增强金属基复合材料。该方法可以较好地反映出颗粒形状和材料结构参数对复合材料屈服行为的影响，预测的比例极限与已发表的实验结果吻合较好。     

SiC晶须补强莫来石基陶瓷复合材料的研究

本文主要研究了不同ＳｉＣ晶须加入量对莫来石基复合材料性能的影响，并对ＳｉＣ晶须、ＺｒＯ２颗粒在材料中的强韧性机理进行了探讨，结果表明：在０￣２５ｖｏｌ％ＳｉＣ晶须加入量范围内，材料的力学性能随ＳｉＣ晶须加入量的增加而提高，在２５ｖｏｌ％ＳｉＣ晶须加入量时，材料的致密化程度受到明显的影响；ＳｉＣ晶须、ＺｒＯ２对材料性能的贡献有叠加作用；材料中存在载荷转移、晶须拔出／解离、裂纹偏转、相变增韧等韧化机理     

Thermal residual stresses and stress distributions under tensile and compressive loadings of short fiber reinforced metal matrix composites

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤｕｅｔｏｌａｒｇｅｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｒｍａｌｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎｃｏ ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｆｉｂｅｒａｎｄｔｈｅｍａｔｒｉｘａｎｄｓｐｅｃｉａｌｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｉｃａｌｓｈａｐｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｂｅｒ ,ｔｈｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｒｅｓｉｄｕａｌｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓ (ＴＲＳ) ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｄｄｕｒｉｎｇｃｏｏｌｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｈｉｇｈ(ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ)ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｔｏｒｏｏｍｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｈａｖｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ…     

Influence of pre-plastic deformation on thermal residual stress and yield st rength of SiCw/Al composites

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｆｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｒｍａｌｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅｍａｔｒｉｘｉｎＳｉＣｗ/Ａｌｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓ,ｔｈｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｒｅｓｉｄｕａｌｓｔｒｅｓｓｉｓｎｏｔａｖｏｉｄｅｄｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｉｓｃｈａｎｇｅｄ[1,2].Ｔｈｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｒｅｓｉｄｕａｌｓｔｒｅｓｓｃａｎｌａｒｇｅｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓ,ｓ…     

Determination and Relaxation of Residual Stress in 2024 Al-30 vol.% Magnesium Borate Whisker Composites

Residual stresses in 30 vol.% magnesium borate whisker-reinforced 2024 aluminum matrix composites have been determined by a nanoindentation method which takes into consideration pile-up and sink-in effects on indentation contact depth. Owing to the thermal mismatch and the large difference in elasticity modulus between the Al matrix and MBO whiskers, tensile residual stress was introduced to Al matrix material during fabrication. It was found that the solution treatment reduced the tensile residual stress by producing interfacial component and dislocations in the composites. Cryogenic cooling released the stress via reversing the tensile residual stress to compression in the matrix, which was more effective than solution treatment to release the tension stress in the composites. The combination of the solution treatment and the cryogenic cooling provided the most effective procedure to release the residual stress in the composites, which reduced the tensile residual stress from 232.6 to 56.5 MPa, i.e., 76% reduction. Meanwhile, no cracks were observed in the composite when processed with such sudden thermal shocking.     

金属半固态一维等温轴对称压缩模型的建立及求解

本文以连续多孔体屈服准则与达西定律为理论基础，建立了用于描述金属及颗粒型金属基复合材料一维等温轴对称压缩变形行为的理论模型，并使用有限差分法对模型进行求解，同时对结果进行了细致的分析。     

真空压力浸渗制备CF/Al复合材料热收缩与残余应力数值模拟与实验研究

针对连续碳纤维增强铝基复合材料(CF/Al复合材料),采用细观力学数值模拟与热性能试验结合的方法,研究了真空压力浸渗制备过程中的热收缩行为和热残余应力分布。结果表明,复合材料的横向热收缩应变量远大于轴向热收缩应变量,且具有横观各向同性,纤维随机分布的单胞有限元模型能够准确地预测复合材料轴向与横向热收缩行为曲线;复合材料制备完成后纤维和基体合金分别处于压应力和拉应力状态,基体和纤维的横向残余应力均小于其轴向残余应力,且均表现出横观各向同性;基体合金在轴向残余拉应力作用下会出现不同程度的损伤现象,特别是纤维间距较小部位过高的残余应力会引发界面的局部失效,从而不利于发挥复合材料承载性能,减少纤维局部偏聚是进一步改善提高复合材料力学性能的重要技术手段。     

Role of interfacial and matrix creep during thermal cycling of continuous fiber reinforced metal–matrix composites

A uni-dimensional micro-mechanical model for thermal cycling of continuous fiber reinforced metal–matrix composites is developed. The model treats the fiber and matrix as thermo-elastic and thermo-elasto-plastic-creeping solids, respectively, and allows the operation of multiple matrix creep mechanisms at various stages of deformation through the use of unified creep laws. It also incorporates the effect of interfacial sliding by an interface-diffusion-controlled diffusional creep mechanism proposed earlier (Funn and Dutta, Acta mater., 1999, 47, 149). The results of thermal cycling simulations based on a graphite fiber reinforced pure aluminum–matrix composite were compared with experimental data on a P100 graphite–6061 Al composite. The model successfully captured all the important features of the observed strain responses of the composite for different experimental conditions, such as the observed heating/cooling rate dependence, strain hysteresis, residual permanent strain at the end of a cycle, as well as both intrusion and protrusion of the fiber-ends relative to the matrix at the completion of cycling. The analysis showed that the dominant deformation mechanism operative in the matrix changes continually during thermal cycling due to continuous stress and temperature revision. Based on these results, a framework for the construction of a transient deformation mechanism map for thermal excursions of continuous fiber composites is proposed.     

Effects of particle size on residual stresses of metal matrix composites

A finite element analysis was carried out on the development of residual stresses during the cooling process from the fabrication temperature in the SiCp reinforced AI matrix composites. In the simulation, the two-dimensional and random distribution multi-particle unit cell model and plane strain conditions were used. By incorporating the Taylor-based nonlocal plasticity theory, the effect of particle size on the nature, magnitude and distribution of residual stresses of the composites was studied. The magnitude thermal-stress-induced plastic deformation during cooling was also calculated. The results show similarities in the patterns of thermal residual stress and strain distributions for all ranges of particle size. However, they show differences in magnitude of thermal residual stress as a result of strain gradient effect. The average thermal residual stress increases with decreasing particle size, and the residual plastic strain decreases with decreasing particle size.     

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE THERMAL EXPANSION BEHAVIOR OF SiC WHISKER REINFORCED ALUMINUM COMPOSITE

1. IntroductionHigh specific stiffness and strength, good fatigue properties and tribological propertiesmake SiC whisker reinforcement aluminum composite as attractive class of candidates formany applications such as aerospace and electronic industries[1--2]. As structural componellts with temperature variable the materials used must have good performance includingnot only high mechalilcal properties, but also lower and stable coefficients of thermal expansion. Therefore, it is very important…     

残余应力对W-Cu复合材料导热性能的影响

用熔渗法制备的W-Cu复合材料在小批量生产时，发现熔渗结束后样品的热导率数据分散不稳定，受熔渗时摆放位置的影响很大。将熔渗结束后的样品退火，采取不同的方式冷却。用X射线衍射法测量其残余应力，用热脉冲法测量其热导率，研究了残余应力对材料导热性能的影响。结果表明：随冷却速度的加快，残余应力值增大，热导率降低。钨和铜的热膨胀系数相差较大，从高温冷到室温时两相收缩程度不一样，冷却速度过快时，在界面处产生残余应力，使材料的热导率降低。分析了残余应力对材料导热性能的影响及机制。     

应变速率、液体体积分数和液体粘度对金属半固态成形变形力的影响

建立了用于描述金属及颗粒增强金属基复合材料在半固态下一维等温轴对称压缩变形行为的理论模型。使用有限差分技术和铝合金的参数来进行模型计算。根据模型的计算结果 ,研究了应变速率、液体体积分数和液体粘度对金属在两平行板间半固态压缩变形力的影响。结果表明 ,液体粘度对变形力几乎没有影响 ,变形力随轴向应变速率绝对值的增加而增加 ,随液体体积分数的增加而明显减少。