美国"精明增长"的策略、案例及在中国应用的思考

要将美国“精明增长”应用到中国就必须考虑中国特有的工业化、城市化背景。本文介绍了“精明增长”的有关策略及在美国较为成功的案例,提出在中国应用“精明增长”的一些思考。     

国外慢城市生活研究进展及启示

近10年来,国外发达国家在慢餐、慢城、慢活等倡导性运动的基础上演绎出慢城市生活的研究,与低碳城市、人文城市、社会城市等理念一道成为城市研究的新领域。本文回溯了国外慢城市生活研究的缘起、慢城市联盟框架及实质,结合中国城市发展的实际,提出了以慢城市理念为基础的城市生活空间及阶层化生活行为方式的城市研究,目的在于抗衡我国城市化快速发展阶段的城市重经济发展轻社会生活及空间剥夺等生活不公平现象,构建人本、包容的城市生活空间及发展方向。     

上海和芝加哥中心城区的邻里再开发模式及规划——基于两个案例的比较

城市中心区再开发是美国城市政府的工作重点,也是中国城市发展的重要方式。基于增长机器和政体理论提供的分析框架,选取上海和芝加哥城市中心区的两个邻里再开发案例,比较其开发主体关系、规划过程和发展结果的异同,并剖析形成差异的原因。最后指出中国邻里再开发与规划需要尊重邻里的使用价值,引入来自社区的行为主体,调整交换价值的创造和分配。     

基于遥感和地理信息系统的经济发达地区城市空间形态重构——以浙江省义乌市为例

以浙江省义乌市作为实证研究地区,在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下研究经济发达地区城市空间形态重构.重点选取和处理了9个年份的遥感影像数据,提取了城市建设用地扩展信息,结合计算扩展强度、扩展梯度、扩展贡献率、分形维数以及开展相关分析等定量方法,对城市空间形态重构特征和机制进行多角度分析,结果表明:义乌建设用地面积不断扩大,但速度出现下降趋势;扩展方向从单方向转变为多方向,扩展重点逐渐远离市中心并向外延伸;分形性质逐渐变好,但总体而言主城区的分形形态优于市域:自然、人口、经济、政策、交通、文化等多种因素直接或间接影响到城市空间形态重构,但人口、交通和经济构成最重要的3类因素,这实际上反映了义乌作为经济发达地区的特质.     

城市记忆与城市形态——从心理学、社会学角度探讨城市历史文化的延续

论文通过理论推导和实证研究,阐述了城市形态与城市记忆之间的紧密联系.同时,结合记忆心理学基础理论与社会学调查访谈的方法,探讨了有助于保持集体记忆的城市形态要素,为城市历史文化保护与城市设计工作提供借鉴参考.     

Correlation between Negotiated Rents and Neighbourhood Quality: A Case Study of Two Cities in Sweden

The aim of this paper is to analyse whether or not differentiated rents reflect differences in neighbourhood quality in housing of similar quality and age in two target cities in Sweden. The system for rent setting in Sweden is partly based on a process of negotiation in which the annual change in actual rents is an outcome of negotiations between the local branch of the Swedish Union of Tenants and local municipal housing companies. One possible outcome of these negotiations could be change to the rental structure in the different neighbourhoods within the municipality. By allowing differences in negotiated rent outcomes in different neighbourhoods, a better relationship of rent level to tenant perception of neighbourhood quality can be achieved. It is the understanding of the authors that in a number of local-housing-market rent negotiations over the last decade, the parties involved have agreed on the need for and have consciously aimed towards making such adjustments. In this paper, regression analysis has been used to analyse data about rent levels for residential units from two cities in Sweden, namely Gothenburg and Luleå. It can be concluded that differentiated rents are indeed present, hence the existing rent-setting system in Sweden can be used to improve the relationship between rental structure and neighbourhood quality.     

The built environment,maintenance of the public sphere and connections to others and to place: an examination of 10 international cities

Using surveys collected from 10 major metropolitan cities across the world, this article examines the factors that affect the extent to which people feel connected to others who live in their neighborhood and feel proud and satisfied with life in their cities. The cities included in the analysis are: New York, London, Paris, Stockholm, Toronto, Milan, Berlin, Seoul, Beijing and Tokyo. We find that certain aspects of the built environment, the conditions of the public sphere, and the extent of positive social networks in the city are critically important for understanding residents’ connections to each other and to their cities. Our findings provide insights for policy makers and planners concerned with making cities viable and livable.     

基于集约和节约利用的土地储备研究——以重庆市都市圈为例

土地储备有利于促进但不必然带来城镇建设用地的集约和节约利用。以重庆市都市圈为例,文章探讨了在土地集约和节约利用条件下,一定时期土地储备控制规模的(即规划储备量)预测方法。文章分析了土地储备控制规模确立的思路与技术流程,包括预测城镇建设用地总需求、总供给;评价或评估现状土地集约利用水平与潜力;在此基础上预测土地储备控制规模(含土地储备增量规模和存量规模)。据此方法和原理预测出重庆市都市圈未来15年的土地储备控制规模。基于集约利用的土地储备控制规模的确定是土地储备规划和土地储备年度计划制定的基础。     

利用水资源创造新空间--当今建筑及城市设计中水资源的开发与利用

通过分析实例，从景观、环境、生态、技术、文化等方面阐述了当今城市及建筑设计中水是营建景观、激发创新的动力，是表达文化的媒介；是体现环境可持续发展的解决方法，是谋求生存空间的广阔领地……启发设计师对人、建筑、城市与水的关系产生新的认识和思考。     

依法推进城乡可持续发展——写在《城乡规划法》颁布实施一周年

论文主要分为三部分,第一部分提出新规划法颁布后要重新认识城乡规划学科的地位,编制城乡规划的实质是制订一份法律文件,城乡规划的本质是公共政策;第二部分针对如何正确全面理解<城乡规划法>展开讨论;第三部分是制订城乡规划要深入思考的几点关系,包括资源和环境应作为规划前提的研究,产业结构调整支撑人口分布还是基本建设支撑人口增长,城乡规划中的交通问题,以及加大对镇和乡村规划的技术研究力度等.     

A question of value: What do trees and forests mean to people in Vermont?

What underlies conflict over natural resource management? This is a question that land managers are increasingly concerned with in their dealings with multiple publics who have diverse needs. The answer relates to the ways in which people value their surrounding environment and how they react to changes in the management of valued places that hold specific meanings for them. The questions considered for this research included: what are the values and meanings people associate with forest places in Vermont, USA and what role do forests play in the landscape of the state and in personal identity? The interpretive qualitative analysis approach taken in this research emphasizes how the ways in which people value forests are linked to wider issues of concern over well being, quality of life and cultural identity. Through the in-depth discussion groups and interviews undertaken, the diversity and complexity of the meanings people associate with the forested landscape of Vermont were explored. Respondents' views of forests and trees in Vermont revolved around four main themes: forests and personal well being, personal and community identity, conflict and confusion, and forest management. Key implications for managers and policy makers are identified from the results and are discussed, focusing specifically on public participation and opportunities for people to have contact with nature and develop a relationship with specific places.     

谈北京第一机床厂重型车间保护性开发的可行性--对刘会远老师倡议案的支持和补充

从城市规划和城市公共环境设计的角度,提出了北京第一机床厂重型车间重新保护开发的重要意义,并且通过对刘会远老师相关建议的补充支持,以及国外的经验介绍,希望能对北京相关部门起到借鉴作用.     

殊途同归——从美国加州的两个工程实践谈旧城更新与经济适用房开发建设模式及设计要素

介绍了美国加州两个由政府部门资助的有旧城改建含义的项目,通过政府与民间的合作,达到环保及古建保护、旧城更新、繁荣社区、减少项目风险并降低造价的目的,为经济适用房市场及经济适用房投资方式提供了一个值得借鉴模式。     

城市复兴背景下的工业遗产保护与再利用——以法国南特岛复兴项目为例

以法国南特岛复兴项目为例,从保护与再利用理念、规划管理方法、规划设计策略与实践等方面,分析将工业遗产保护与再利用有机融入城市全面复兴进程,最终取得遗产保护与城市复兴双赢的方法和途径,以期为国内类似项目提供借鉴和启示。     

城市历史地段保护更新的“活态博物馆”理念探讨——以山东临清中洲运河古城区为例

"活态博物馆"作为一种探讨城市历史地段保护与更新的理念和方法,是在Eco-museum理论的基础上形成的,适应于城市空间中的历史地段保护与更新。活态博物馆以居民集体记忆、社区居民、空间元素为组成要素;古今并重、主人为主、动态保护为主要特征,本质是社区更新。在山东临清中洲运河活态博物馆案例中,借助已有的资源魅力,激发出地段的活力,对适应城市发展需求、实现有效保护,进行了规划尝试。     

Feasibility study of capturing carbon credit benefits in an academic institution: A case study

The CDM potential in an academic institution hosting 2500 students is analyzed through the introduction of renewable energy technologies (Solar Water Heater, Solar Steam Cooking) and adoption of energy efficient technologies (Compact Fluorescent Lighting, Energy Efficient Air Conditioners). The baseline emission has been calculated for each technology. A detail investment analysis has been carried out for each of these measures. The impact of revenue generated by selling carbon credits through the clean development mechanism (CDM), on the economic viability of the project activity is analyzed along with sensitivity analysis.Out of the four cases analyzed, energy efficient lighting and energy efficient air conditioners do not require CDM benefits for their viability hence they fail to prove the additionality. Solar steam cooking having negative value of IRR does not pass the additionality criterion for CDM. The solar water heater generating 48.13 tCO₂/year is identified as the candidate CDM project. The total amount of CO₂ that can be saved from emitting to the atmosphere by employing the renewable and energy efficient technologies is 311.34 tCO₂/year. The CERs generated by this project are insufficient to cover the validation/ verification and registration expenses. For converting the CDM potential into reality, bundling of the similar activities with nearby academic institutes can be considered.