中国城市60强:从快速发展到科学发展

<正>《中国城市60强》是仲量联行最新的城市研究报告,致力于研究中国大陆二三线城市经济和房地产市场的发展。基于GDP、人口、富裕程度、投资、零售额、居民储蓄、教育基础设施、土地出让量和零售商数量等多个变量建立模型,仲量联行从287个城市中最终甄选出中国城市60强,井在城市发展曲线中罗列了60强城市的位置,为房地产投资者、开发商、企业用户和地方政府提供一个可供清晰比较的     

Ballot-Box Zoning,Transaction Costs,and Urban Growth

Planning through ballot-box zoning is becoming increasingly common across the nation. Unfortunately, little empirical work has been done to assess the consequences of ballot-box zoning on urban growth and development activity. This article uses a transaction-cost approach to land use planning to assess how public referenda on site-specific rezonings impact development activity in cities. An analysis of housing unit activity from 1980 to 1994 in 63 Ohio cities finds consistent and robust evidence that subjecting rezoning decisions to public referenda created a housing unit “growth penalty” for cities. Moreover, the empirical results were consistently negative irrespective of whether the city rejected or accommodated the proposed rezoning.     

Active Community Environments and Health: The Relationship of Walkable and Safe Communities to Individual Health

The literature suggests that individuals will be healthier if they live in Active Community Environments that promote exercise and activity. Two key elements of such environments are walkability and safety. Examining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994 and using a multilevel analysis, we found that individuals who live in counties that are more walkable and have lower crime rates tended to walk more and to have lower body mass indices (BMIs) than people in less walk-able and more crime-prone areas, even after controlling for a variety of individual variables related to health. Among lifelong residents of an area, lesser walk-ability and more crime were also associated with respondents reporting weight-related chronic illness and lower ratings of their own health. The effect of high crime rates was substantially stronger for women than for men, and taking this interaction into account eliminated gender differences in walking, BMI, weight-related chronic conditions, and self-reported poor health. The results suggest that to promote activity and health, planners should consider community walkability, crime prevention, and safety.     

协同共生:从市政的灰色基础设施、生态的绿色基础设施到一体化的景观基础设施

研究以“统筹城市开发空间系统发展”为出发点,运用协同共生的原理,将市政的灰色基础设施、生态的绿色基础设施进行协同整合,进而成为一体化的景观基础设施;从综合协同、整体协同、战略协同和共生共存四个方面,提出了建立前瞻性景观基础设施的新范式,促使城市基础设施各要素之间形成功能最大化、效益最大化和成本最小化的整体,实现区域内生态网络、交通网络、户外步行网络一体化运作的景观基础设施发展范式.     

起源与本质:空间政治经济学视角下的封闭住区

有关封闭住区的研究,主要着眼于其产生的社会空间后果,而往往忽略了对该空间现象形成根源的探究,或者将其简单归结为一个显而易见的理由--居民对居住环境恶化的恐惧.但这仅是对表象的直接观察,并没有清楚说明为什么在不同的自然与人文环境中,居民都要选择封闭住区而非其它空间物质形态,甚至其他非物质手段如法制的诉求?封闭住区产生的根源问题实际上关系到如何理解封闭住区模式的本质,是任何封闭住区研究的价值基础.通过引入空间政治经济学的理论框架和分析方法,试图揭示推动封闭住区产生和发展的,超越区域自然环境与人文环境差异的结构性的根本动力,以及封闭住区将对城市空间结构产生的重要影响.     

从市政广场到市民广场——中国治理变革的空间表达

市政广场一直是现代城市中重要的公共空间,承载着最为复杂的社会关系,其中政治形态对于其空间形态的影响是决定性的。改革开放30余年,经济发展成效卓著,社会结构变化巨大;如今政治体制进步的节奏开始加快,其中最令人神往的是政府施政理念开始由统治模式转向治理模式。受其影响,市政广场的空间形态正在呈现出新的特征：诸如多元化、人性化、地方化和生态化等等。因此,正确解读因施政理念由统治模式转向治理模式而引发的市政广场空间形态的新的发展趋势,必然会有助于找到市政广场设计的关键影响因素,从而成就符合时代发展要求的市政广场。     

从理念到现实:上海友谊路街道社区发展规划中的公众参与

社区发展规划应以社区居民为本位,体现多方互动的过程.在这个过程中,公众参与具有决定性的意义.针对我国当今公众参与城市规划理论和实践的现实状况,在上海友谊路街道社区发展规划的实践中,以安斯汀(Sherry R.Arnstein)"市民参与的梯子"理论为基础,构建了适合我国城市社区的"推进式参与"的理论演绎框架,并将该理论框架转化为现实的行动计划.在行动的经验基础上,本文归纳出保障公众有效参与社区发展规划的操作要点,涉及组织方式、参与机制、政府主导等三方面的结论.     

从理念到现实：上海友谊路街道社区发展规划中的公众参与

社区发展规划应以社区居民为本位，体现多方互动的过程。在这个过程中，公众参与具有决定性的意义。针对我国当今公众参与城市规划理论和实践的现实状况，在上海友谊路街道社区发展规划的实践中．以安斯汀（SherryRAmstein）“市民参与的梯子”理论为基础，构建了适合我国城市社区的“推进式参与”的理论演绎框架，并将该理论框架转化为现实的行动计划。在行功的经验基础上，本文归纳出保障公众有效参与社区发展规划的操作要点，涉及组织方式、参与机制、政府主导等三方面的结论。     

从小区到门禁社区——北京住区形态的演进

通过对北京城市边缘私有门禁社区与计划经济时期的小区设计案例的形态比较分析,阐述新近的门禁社区的沿承和演变。认为北京城市边缘门禁社区设计形态是在小区形态框架的基础上形成的,并且具有形成于上世纪的主要国际设计模式的烙印。同时,形态上的变化可以被看作是设计回应城市转型的结果。     

Sharing and Empowerment: Humane Communities and Housing

<正>Introduction On Apr. 15 – 16, 2023, the 2022 Annual Conference of the Housing and Community Planning Committee of the Urban Planning Society of China(UPSC) was successfully held at the Chongqing Planning Exhibition Gallery, Chongqing. The conference was hosted by the Housing and Community Planning Committee of the UPSC, and jointly-organized by the Urban Planning Society of Chongqing, Chongqing Planning & Design Institute, School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Chongqing Unive...     

Municipal consultancy procurement: new roles and practices

The shift in municipal procurement of construction-related services from technical departments to central departments of procurement has significant impacts on the selection criteria and processes. These new roles and decision-making contexts (increased regulative complexity, stricter control and outsourcing of wider ranges of municipal services) are examined for how they shape procurement practices for architectural and engineering services in Swedish municipalities. Based on a critical theoretical review of policy implementation and inter-professional collaboration, the purchasing practices of five Swedish municipalities are examined and compared through case study interviews to understand the relationships and practices that occur between technical and procurement staff. Resource constraints and stricter control are found to lead to a strong preference, especially among technical staff, for simplified procurement models with a high emphasis on lowest price, whilst procurement staff favour more advanced methods for quality assessment. However, differences in knowledge and professional culture between the technical staff and procurement staff have created barriers to communication and competence integration. To develop a procurement practice that rewards supplier competence, clearer guidelines and changes to procurement roles within the client organization are needed, as well as increased resources. Procurement policies need to be more closely tied to their implementation.     

开放封闭小区政策的民意调研与执行建议——基于公平与效率角度

针对开放封闭小区政策,对重庆市部分居民进行问卷调查。结合调查结果,从公平与效率两方面研究开放封闭小区对改善城市交通状况、提高社会资源利用率的影响;研究认为,开放封闭小区政策有利于公共资源公平分配、改善社会资源利用率。最后,为开放封闭小区政策的顺利执行,提出相关建议。     

从规划理念到实践的低碳城市与复合社区——以上海市南桥新城为例

近年来,“低碳”概念已经成为落实可持续发展理念的重要手段.城市规划作为城市发展重要的制度安排,应将“低碳城市”从单纯的理念转变为具体的技术手段,并能有效落实在城市空间组织的过程之中.目前,上海新一轮新城规划为上述目标的实现提供了有益的实验场所.基于上海南桥新城的规划实践,提出通过“复合社区”建设,从增加碳汇和降低碳排放的基本立足点出发,探讨从规划层面引导形成紧凑的城市形态、有序的城市空间结构,从而实现低碳城市的发展目标.     

Community Power,Public Policy Initiatives and the Management of Growth in Brisbane

Abstract

Partly in response to rapid population growth in south-east Queensland and a growing imbalance in demographic patterns between Brisbane City and surrounding shires, there is renewed activity in planning for the region by all levels of government. The Brisbane City Council, in 1990, engaged a consultant to produce its first large scale strategy plan for the city, and the State government, in 1991, established a regional planning advisory group to undertake a similar planning exercise for the south-east region. Moreover, it is anticipated that federal programs such as ‘Building Better Cities’ will provide financial support to the region for improved transport systems, urban renewal and infrastructure development.

The urban sociologist, Harvey Molotch (1976, 1987) has challenged the normative conception of planning as a rational activity by incorporating into his analysis the notion of power, in particular, a form of community power which he has called ‘the growth machine’. While a growth coalition of interests can be discerned in Brisbane, the extent to which they have influence in planning decisions needs to be measured against political influences such as the structure of government in Australia and the nature of intergovernmental relations, as well as the politics of party.     

跨区域合作规划编制案例探析——以成都、资阳两市合作规划为例

跨区域合作是我国区域统筹、城乡规划的热点之一.成都、资阳两市跨区域合作规划编制的核心是打破行政、经济、空间三大壁垒,重点是合作区的空间载体建设,关键是理顺规划编制、审查、实施、管理和监督的体制.