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1.
目的 了解顺义区市售生鲜整鸡中弓形杆菌的污染状况及耐药特征。方法 在顺义区农贸市场、超市随机采集零售生鲜整鸡样品60份,应用滤膜法对样品进行弓形杆菌的分离培养,采用基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)及实时荧光定量PCR进行菌株鉴定,并将菌株的质谱图进行聚类分析。采用琼脂稀释法对弓形杆菌分离株进行11种抗生素的耐药性检测。结果 60份市售生鲜整鸡样品中弓形杆菌的检出率为26.67%(16/60),且均为布氏弓形杆菌。6月、7月弓形杆菌的检出率明显高于5月。16株弓形杆菌分离株经MALDI-TOF MS聚类,以相对距离1 000为节点分为两个簇群,相对距离与菌株相似性呈负相关,聚类图对样品地域来源有一定的提示作用。弓形杆菌分离株对喹诺酮类抗生素耐药严重,对萘啶酸和环丙沙星的耐药率分别为81.25%和43.75%;对庆大霉素(12.50%)、红霉素(12.50%)、阿奇霉素(12.50%)、泰利霉素(12.50%)、链霉素(6.25%)耐药率相对较低。结论 顺义区零售生鲜整鸡中弓形杆菌的检出率较高,应警惕因未烧熟煮透和交叉污染导致食源性疾病的风险。  相似文献   

2.
弓形菌是一种新型食源性致病菌,其中以布氏弓形菌污染率最高。本研究采用扩增23S rRNA的PCR法特异性检测布氏弓形菌,方法灵敏度可达103 CFU/mL。2株布氏弓形菌均特异性地扩增出了长度为2061 bp的条带;嗜低温弓形菌、斯氏弓形菌、空肠弯曲菌等共18株不同种类的菌株均无扩增产物出现,表明此PCR法能特异性的将布氏弓形菌鉴定到种一级水平。比较实验结果表明,API CAMPY鉴定试剂盒对于布氏弓形菌鉴定仅能到弓形菌属一级水平,本PCR法能实现布氏弓形菌种一级水平的鉴定,用于布氏弓形菌的检测具有优势。55份动物源性食品样品用Johnson-Murano肉汤增菌后用PCR法进行检测,其中5份样品为布氏弓形菌阳性,阳性检出率为9.1%。上述实验结果表明,本方法特异性强、操作简便,节省了检测时间,可用于动物源性食品中布氏弓形菌的快速检测。  相似文献   

3.
弓形菌是一种新型食源性致病菌,其中以布氏弓形菌污染率最高。本研究采用扩增23S rRNA的PCR法特异性检测布氏弓形菌,方法灵敏度可达103 CFU/mL。2株布氏弓形菌均特异性地扩增出了长度为2061 bp的条带;嗜低温弓形菌、斯氏弓形菌、空肠弯曲菌等共18株不同种类的菌株均无扩增产物出现,表明此PCR法能特异性的将布氏弓形菌鉴定到种一级水平。比较实验结果表明,API CAMPY鉴定试剂盒对于布氏弓形菌鉴定仅能到弓形菌属一级水平,本PCR法能实现布氏弓形菌种一级水平的鉴定,用于布氏弓形菌的检测具有优势。55份动物源性食品样品用Johnson-Murano肉汤增菌后用PCR法进行检测,其中5份样品为布氏弓形菌阳性,阳性检出率为9.1%。上述实验结果表明,本方法特异性强、操作简便,节省了检测时间,可用于动物源性食品中布氏弓形菌的快速检测。  相似文献   

4.
目的 了解2020—2021年济南市零售鸡肉中沙门菌的污染状况,并探究可移动黏菌素耐药基因(mcr)的携带情况。方法 2020年12月至2021年11月在济南市采集零售鸡肉样品260份,依据GB 4789.4—2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》对样品中的沙门菌进行分离鉴定,通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对分离株进行血清型鉴定和mcr基因筛选,使用微量肉汤法对mcr基因阳性株开展抗生素敏感性试验。结果 260份零售鸡肉样品中共检出阳性样品61份,污染率为23.46%(61/260),秋季污染率最高可达53.33%(32/60);共分离出沙门菌103株,56株为肠炎沙门菌,占比54.37%(56/103)。2株不同产地鸡翅样品来源的印第安纳沙门菌分离株检测出mcr-1基因,阳性率为1.94%(2/103)。2株mcr-1基因阳性印第安纳沙门菌分离株均为多重耐药株,其中1株可对碳青霉烯类和多黏菌素类在内的全部12类测试抗生素同时耐药。结论 2020—2021年济南市零售鸡肉中的沙门菌污染较为严重,秋季采集样品的污染率较高,肠炎沙门菌为优势血清型,检出携带mcr-1基因;同...  相似文献   

5.
了解成都市零售环节鸡肉中的弯曲菌定量污染水平以及其随季节变化的趋势,为食品安全风险评估提供依据。方法 选择成都市及周边的大型超市和农贸市场作为采样点,采取未分割的新鲜鸡冷藏鸡胴体。用涂布平板法计数,用多重PCR进行鉴定。结果 采集255份样品,阳性数202份,检出率为79.22%;弯曲菌污染量>500 cfu/g的样品占32.55%(83/255);农贸市场样品的阳性率高于超市样品;夏季阳性率高于其他季节;共分离到空肠弯曲菌300株、结肠弯曲菌393株和胎儿弯曲菌11株。结论 四川省零售环节鸡肉中弯曲菌的污染严重。  相似文献   

6.
利用生理生化鉴定方法和分子生物学方法对从湖南、湖北、江苏和上海等地的8个地区采集的64份干制食品香辛料和调味品样品进行了克罗诺杆菌分离与鉴定,结果从19份样品中检出了克罗诺杆菌,污染率为29.7%,其中检出率较高的样品为白胡椒粉、花椒粉和红辣椒粉,污染率分别为62.5%、50.0%和33.3%。本研究从采样的7个地区的样品中检出了克罗诺杆菌,其中检出率最高的地区为湖南永州,其次为上海市和湖北赤壁,检出率分别为50.0%、37.5%和33.3%。利用基于fus A基因序列分析的方法对克罗诺杆菌分离株进行了种的水平的鉴定,结果将本研究分离得到的克罗诺杆菌鉴定为5个种,其中9株(47.4%)被鉴定为阪崎克罗诺杆菌(C.sakazakii),4株(21.0%)为苏黎世克罗诺杆菌(C.turicensis),3株(15.8%)为都柏林克罗诺杆菌(C.dublinensis),2株(10.5%)为丙二酸盐阳性克罗诺杆菌(C.malonaticus),1株(5.3%)为尤尼沃斯克罗诺杆菌(C.universalis)。研究结果表明市售干制食品香辛料和调味品中存在克罗诺杆菌的污染,应该加强对该类食品中克罗诺杆菌的流行病学监测。  相似文献   

7.
目的研究陕西杨凌及周边地区零售分割鸡肉中沙门菌的污染状况及其药敏性、血清型和基于脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)的基因型,为预警食源性沙门菌疾病暴发提供数据基础。方法采用GB 4789.4—2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》对陕西杨凌及周边地区采集的188份零售分割鸡肉中沙门菌进行分离和鉴定,并进行血清学分型。采用PFGE方法确定沙门菌DNA酶切电泳图谱,使用BioNumerics软件聚类分析电泳结果,确定沙门菌基因型。结果 188份零售分割鸡肉中共有34份(18.1%)样品检出沙门菌,农贸市场样品沙门菌检出率(24.6%,29/118)高于超市(7.1%,5/70)。鸡腿、鸡爪、鸡脖和鸡肝样品中沙门菌检出率高于鸡肠和鸡胗。34株沙门菌中共检出10种血清型,其中科瓦利斯沙门菌最为流行,高于德尔卑沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌等,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。分离株均对磺胺异噁唑、氯霉素、头孢噻呋和环丙沙星耐药,对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑、萘啶酮酸、四环素、链霉素、氨苄西林和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率均在50%以上。34株沙门菌PFGE分型后可被分为11个簇,同一血清型菌株基本聚于同一大簇,同一时间、从相同市场采集的不同样品,其分离株PFGE型相似度均较高,表明分割鸡肉在加工或销售过程可能存在交叉污染。农贸市场分离菌株基因型多样性比较丰富。结论杨凌及周边地区零售分割鸡肉存在沙门菌污染,沙门菌血清型和基因型多样化,耐药菌株比例较高。  相似文献   

8.
了解目前市售婴幼儿配方奶粉、谷基辅助食品样品中蜡样芽胞杆菌的污染及其毒素基因的携带情况。方法 采集石家庄市23个区县市售婴幼儿配方粉、谷基辅助食品共399份,依照国家标准 GB/T 4789.14—2003《食品卫生微生物学检验 蜡样芽胞杆菌检验》和《食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行蜡样芽胞杆菌检测并计数,应用荧光PCR方法检测蜡样分离株的溶血素基因和非溶血素基因。结果 399份样品中蜡样芽胞杆菌检出85份,其中婴幼儿配方奶粉检出36份,检出率22.8%(36/158);谷基辅助食品检出49份,检出率20.3%(49/241)。85份阳性样品中有48份呈溶血素基因阳性,检出率56.5%,非溶血素基因均为阴性。结论 婴幼儿食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌的污染较严重,存在潜在的食品风险。分析结果可为婴幼儿食品卫生学检验标准及监督管理等方面提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
利用国标方法对食品(蔬菜,熟食和豆制品)进行了克罗诺杆菌的污染情况调查及其分离菌株的鉴定;利用fus A基因对分离的克罗诺杆菌进行了遗传多样性分析,将克罗诺杆菌属的分离株鉴定到种的水平。主要取得了以下结论和认识:139份食品(蔬菜23份,熟食14份和豆制品2份)中有14份样品检出了克罗诺杆菌,检出率为35.9%。蔬菜类检出8份(34.8%),熟食制品检出4份(28.6%),2份豆制品都检出(100.0%);2对14株克罗诺杆菌分离株进行基于fus A基因的系统进行分析,结果显示这些分离株包括C.Sakazakii和C.malonaticus 2个种,其中C.sakazakii有9株,C.malonaticus有5株。  相似文献   

10.
为探究云南省边贸进口即食食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌的污染状况及其呕吐毒素基因型携带情况,从云南边境各口岸进口食品贸易集散点(边民互市点、农贸市场以及进出口产品店等地)共采集市售包装样品224份。通过VITEK 2 compact全自动微生物鉴定系统和双重实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(Double real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction,Dual real-time PCR)技术对分离得到的蜡样芽胞杆菌进行鉴定,并对阳性菌株中的呕吐毒素基因进行检测。结果表明:蜡样芽胞杆菌在所采集样品中的检出率为20.09%(45/224),天保、金水河、瑞丽以及畹町各口岸检出率均高于10%。检出率较高的食品类别为:酱腌菜60%(3/5)、调味品50%(15/30)、水产及其制品46.67%(7/15);从45份阳性样品中共分离出113株蜡样芽胞杆菌,其中呕吐型毒素基因cesB的携带率为0.88%(1/113),呕吐型毒素基因携带率较低,但是蜡样芽胞杆菌的污染风险仍不可忽视。该研究结果对边贸进口食品安全、食源性疾病的监测及预防提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

11.
The prevalence and diversity of different Arcobacter spp. in various poultry species in Denmark were investigated using cultural and multiplex PCR methods. A pool of three fresh droppings obtained at the production site from 70 broiler chicken flocks aged 4-5 weeks was examined. In addition, pools of 10 cloacal swabs taken at the abattoir prior to stunning from each of 15, and 37 duck and turkey flocks, respectively, were analyzed. Thirty fresh broiler chicken carcasses and 29 cloacal swabs from the respective viscera were also examined at the abattoir. Finally, 10 caecal and 10 cloacal swabs from ducks at the abattoir were analyzed individually. In total, 85 Arcobacter isolates were obtained. Of these 45, 20 and 7 were identified as Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii, respectively, using a multiplex PCR. Interestingly, some chicken isolates of A. butzleri showed urease activity, and 6 out of seven A. skirrowi isolates were unable to hydrolyse indoxyl acetate. All chicken carcasses examined were found positive for A. butzleri and/or A. cryaerophilus, whereas 21 (72%) of the 29 chicken cloacal swabs were positive for either A. butzleri (13) or A. cryaerophilus (9). Three (4.3%) out of 70 chicken flocks analyzed were positive only for A. cryaerophilus. Of the ten ducks examined individually, 7 carried A. skirrowii and/or A. cryaerophilus in their cloacae. None of the respective caecal samples were positive. Of the remaining 15 duck flocks, 11 (73%) were positive for A. cryaerophilus (7), A. butzleri (2) or A. skirrowii (2). Four (11%) of the 37 turkey flocks analyzed harboured either A. butzleri or A. cryaerophilus. The carriage rate of Arcobacter was higher in live ducks than those of live broiler chickens and turkeys in the present study. In addition, chicken carcasses slaughtered in Denmark were found to be contaminated with Arcobacter. The presence of Arcobacter spp. both on chicken carcasses and in poultry intestine may be of significance to human health.  相似文献   

12.
The aim of this study was to examine 634 samples of chicken, lamb, pork, beef, fish, samples from the intensive animal industry and from poultry for slaughter, as well as from the domestic breeding of poultry, horses, pigs, and lambs, from surface water, and from clinical samples for the presence of Arcobacter. All the samples were examined with a cultivation method, followed by confirmation by multiplex PCR. The method of multiplex PCR applied directly to a liquid medium after enrichment was applied only to the samples with the highest probability of the presence of arcobacters. Arcobacter spp. were detected in 11.8% of the samples, of which A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii were found in 6.6, 5.1, and 0.2% of the samples, respectively. The sources of the arcobacters were chicken meat from the retail market, intensive animal production facilities, domestic chicken breeding facilities, lamb raising environments, surface water and wastewater, and beef swabs taken in a meat processing factory. No occurrence of arcobacters was identified in the swabs from slaughter turkeys, ducks, and wild poultry. No arcobacters were found in horse and pig breeding environments, on pork, or on the swabs of fish. Forty-two rectal swabs taken from humans were also free of Arcobacter. Seventeen isolates of Arcobacter were further identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Varied genotypes were observed among A. butzleri from chicken meat and chicken breeds, and A. cryaerophilus from wastewater and chicken breeds. They were similar to the genotypes present in wastewater, porcine feces, human stool, and human blood obtained from databases. Our results revealed that the chicken meat from the retail market is an important source of arcobacters. Cross-contamination during handling of chicken carcass practices could play a key role in the spread of Arcobacter.  相似文献   

13.
Twenty-two chicken livers, 10 chicken carcasses, and 15 wastewater samples were processed and analyzed for Arcobacter by PCR and traditional culture methods. Samples were enriched for 24 and 48 h, incubated at 30 degrees C under aerobic conditions, and streaked on blood selective media. To determine the best isolation conditions, 20 samples also were processed under microaerophilic conditions at 37 degrees C. Simple and multiplex PCR assays were used directly with enrichment broths and isolated strains. Seventeen Arcobacter strains were isolated from chicken samples, and A. butzleri was the only Arcobacter species identified. The direct PCR assay revealed that 29 of the 32 chicken samples were contaminated with Arcobacter. A. butzleri was the most frequently detected species, although Arcobacter cryaerophilus also was present in some of the samples and Arcobacter skirrowii occasionally was detected. All the wastewater samples were positive by PCR assay for Arcobacter after 24 h of enrichment. A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus were detected with the multiplex PCR assay. Fourteen Arcobacter strains were isolated from 10 of the 15 water samples analyzed; 7 were identified as A. butzleri and the remaining 7 were A. cryaerophilus. Both for chicken and water samples, Arcobacter detection rate for PCR amplification was higher than for culture isolation. These results indicate the high prevalence of Arcobacter in chicken and wastewater and the inadequacy of available cultural methods for its detection. The species-specific multiplex PCR assay is a rapid method for assessing Arcobacter contamination in chicken and wastewater samples and is a viable alternative to biochemical identification of isolated strains.  相似文献   

14.
In the present study, the occurrence of Arcobacter was assessed at four sites on 169 porcine carcasses (foreleg, chest, pelvis and ham) at different stages of slaughter and 47 pork products at retail. Carcass swab samples were enriched in Arcobacter broth containing 5-fluorouracil, amphotericine B, cefoperazone, novobiocine and trimethoprim as selective supplement. After microaerobic incubation, arcobacters were isolated using Arcobacter selective agar plates, containing the selective supplement described above. Some carcass samples and all pork samples were also examined quantitatively. All 862 isolates were identified by a species-specific m-PCR-assay and 182 isolates were further characterized by ERIC-PCR. Arcobacters were isolated from one or more sampling places on 96.4% of the carcasses, with the foreleg and the chest area as the two most contaminated sites. Furthermore, A. cryaerophilus was the most common species. Chilling decreased the number of positive carcasses, but did not eliminate all arcobacters. Direct isolation revealed that only a few carcasses were contaminated with arcobacters on foreleg and/or chest at levels higher than 10(2 )cfu/100 cm(2). Characterization demonstrated a large heterogeneity among the isolates, with ten genotypes present on more then one site per carcass. Fourteen genotypes were simultaneously present on carcasses from different herds slaughtered on the same day, which may indicate cross-contamination. Arcobacters were present in 21% of the pork samples taken at retail, but contamination levels did not exceed 100 cfu per gram. Characterization of the A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus isolates indicated an additional contamination during processing at retail.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. on chicken carcasses sold in various retail markets in Turkey was investigated. The isolates were characterized and identified using various phenotypic and molecular tests. The membrane filtration technique employing 0.45-microm pore size membrane filters laid onto a nonselective blood agar was used after enrichment in Oxoid Arcobacter Enrichment Broth (AEB) to examine a total of 75 chicken carcasses (44 fresh and 31 frozen). Species level identification was performed using SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins and a recently developed multiplex-PCR assay. All isolates were identified as Arcobacter butzleri. Of the 44 fresh chicken carcasses examined, 42 (95%) were positive for A. butzleri. A. butzleri was also recovered from seven (23%) of the 31 frozen carcasses examined.  相似文献   

16.
In a poultry slaughterhouse, Arcobacter contamination was examined over a period of 1 week to establish possible routes of contamination. Samples were collected from the slaughter equipment and from processing water before the onset of slaughter and from the first broiler flock slaughtered on each sampling day. Characterization of 1,079 isolates by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction and a random amplified polymorphic DNA assay resulted in the delineation of 159 Arcobacter butzleri and 139 Arcobacter cryaerophilus types. From almost all 140 neck skin samples collected before and after evisceration, A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus were isolated simultaneously at contamination levels ranging from 10(1) to 10(4) CFU/g. Only six A. butzleri types present in the slaughterhouse environment were also present on the broiler carcasses. None of the A. cryaerophilus genotypes were detected in both the neck skin and the environmental samples. All A. butzleri types isolated from the feather samples were also isolated from broiler neck skin samples. The slaughter equipment was contaminated with arcobacters before the onset of slaughter, but it appeared unlikely that contamination through the slaughter equipment alone explained the high contamination levels on poultry products. Arcobacters were also present in processing water, but types present in water and poultry products were different. Characterization of the Arcobacter isolates did not clarify the routes of transmission, probably because of the extreme heterogeneity among Arcobacter isolates. However, the results obtained in this study brought to light insufficient decontamination at the processing plant involved in the study and confirmed the survival capacity of certain A. butzleri strains.  相似文献   

17.
A total of 106 beef samples which consisted of local (n = 59) and imported (n = 47) beef and 180 milk samples from cows (n = 86) and goats (n = 94) were collected from Selangor, Malaysia. Overall, 30.2% (32 of 106) of beef samples were found positive for Arcobacter species. Imported beef was significantly more contaminated (46.80%) than local beef (16.9%). Arcobacter butzleri was the species isolated most frequently from imported (81.8%) and local (60%) beef, followed by Arcobacter cryaerophilus in local (33.3%) and imported (18.2%) beef samples. Only one local beef sample (10%) yielded Arcobacter skirrowii. Arcobacter species were detected from cow's milk (5.8%), with A. butzleri as the dominant species (60%), followed by A. cryaerophilus (40%), whereas none of the goat's milk samples were found positive for Arcobacter. This is the first report of the detection of Arcobacter in milk and beef in Malaysia.  相似文献   

18.
None of the presently available selective supplements for the specific isolation of Arcobacter species allows the growth of Arcobacter butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii and at the same time fully suppresses the accompanying flora present in poultry and poultry products. Furthermore, little is known about the contamination levels of poultry with Arcobacter species. In this study, a new selective supplement comprising amphotericin B (10 mg/l), cefoperazone (16 mg/l), 5-fluorouracil (100 mg/l), novobiocin (32 mg/l) and trimethoprim (64 mg/l) was developed. With a new isolation procedure, including enrichment in Arcobacter broth with the selective supplement, incubated for 24 to 48 h at 28 degrees C under microaerobic conditions, arcobacters were isolated from 100% (n = 34) of neck skin of laying hens and from 90% (n = 71) of similar samples from broilers. Of the broiler breast meat samples examined (n = 52), 65% were found to be contaminated with these bacteria. In 64% of the samples, A. butzleri was the only Arcobacter species isolated. In 9% of the samples, A. cryaerophilus was the only species present, while 11% of the samples were positive for both species simultaneously. Using direct isolation on the selective agar medium developed in this study, incubated for 24 to 48 h under microaerobic conditions at 28 degrees C. 32 out of 45 broiler carcasses and 6 out of 25 broiler breast meat samples carried a bacterial load of arcobacters of 10(2) to 10(3) cfu/g. The prevalence of Arcobacter in Belgian poultry was found higher than the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter species in each of the poultry categories examined. The enrichment procedure and the direct plating method were validated for the isolation of A. skirrowii. For this species, growth performance was less than the other two Arcobacter species and it was not isolated nor detected by m-PCR from the naturally contaminated poultry samples examined. This new protocol provides a fast and reliable method for the isolation of Arcobacter species from poultry and can contribute to more comprehensive epidemiological investigations.  相似文献   

19.
A 1-year study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in raw milk and retail raw meats on sale in Northern Ireland. Retail raw poultry samples (n = 94), pork samples (n = 101), and beef samples (n = 108) were obtained from supermarkets in Northern Ireland, and raw milk samples (n = 101) were kindly provided by the Milk Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Presumptive arcobacters were identified by previously described genus-specific and species-specific PCR assays. Arcobacter spp. were found to be common contaminants of retail raw meats and raw milk in Northern Ireland. Poultry meat (62%) had the highest prevalence, but frequent isolations were made from pork (35%), beef (34%), and raw milk (46%). Arcobacter butzleri was the predominant species isolated from retail raw meats and was the only species isolated from raw milk samples. Arcobacter cryaerophilus was detected less frequently, and Arcobacter skirrowii was detected only as a cocontaminant. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Arcobacter spp. prevalence in a diverse range of products of animal origin in Northern Ireland.  相似文献   

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