Diagnostic et caractérisation des aléas

France alone has thousands of underground quarries. There are usually old and somewhat diversified workings used for building stones or binding materials, etc. In highly urbanized areas, such as the Paris region, the Nord Pas de Calais, Lower Normandy, Loire and Aquitaine, there is a twofold safety problem: population and rehabilitation of former sites. The dangers presented by the existence of old sites are numerous: instability, subsidence, collapse, caving in, etc. Every problem has its own cause: cracks in walls, abutment walls, upper or lower roofs; and ill-designed roof slopes can cause their own problems. Design and inspection methods have in fact been specified for different types of problems and their effects. The stability rating in question will be on the basis of the degree of instability involved, and will include all risks in order to include all potential major site problems. It has been felt necessary to work out three levels of diagnosis and to define minimal limits and requirements in respect of the measures to be applied. The methods and techniques used for studying stability are defined according to the severity of the problem, and include cavities, site surveys, engineering factors to do with stability, behavioural models and inspection reports. The importance of feedback regarding these surveys is emphasiized and embodied in the symptomatic “risk catchment” concept designed to see precisely what the situation is in respect of each quarry, i.e. Paris-West-Versailles chalk, gypsum from West of Paris, Lutetian limestone from the Oise, etc.).     

一种高流动性水泥浆复合稳定剂

研制了一种新的水泥浆复合稳定剂,其稳定效果比常用纤维素有明显提高,同时对水泥浆粘度影响很小     

Response to Buchanan et al.'s comment on Urban et al. “Assessment of human health risks posed by consumption of fish from the Lower Passaic River (LPR), New Jersey” (2009, doi:10.1016/jscitotenv.2009.03.004)

Buchanan et al. assert that our recent fish ingestion risk assessment for a section of the Lower Passaic River (LPR) (Urban et al., 2009) utilizes inappropriate ingestion rates and is inconsistent with state and USEPA guidelines and risk assessment procedures, and therefore underestimates the human health risks associated with angler exposure along this stretch of the river. However, they fail to support these assertions with evidence; indeed, in a recent response to similar allegations, we demonstrated that the utilized ingestion rates are, in fact, the most appropriate for this parameter (Urban et al., 2010). Our reliance on data from a comprehensive, independently validated, peer-reviewed, and site-specific creel angler survey (CAS) in order to define fish and crab ingestion rates for this region of the LPR is fully compliant with USEPA guidelines. In fact, the crab ingestion survey and risk assessment cited by Buchanan et al. as evidence of crabbing activity and crab ingestion for this region was less comprehensive than the CAS in question, was not overseen by an independent panel, has yet to be peer-reviewed, and does not provide any activity or consumption data for this section of the LPR. Contrary to the implications of Buchanan et al., our effort provides a transparent, comprehensive, and scientifically legitimate human health risk assessment of fish ingestion for the lowest 6 miles of the LPR. Thus we adamantly disagree with the characterization and assertions put forth by Buchanan et al., and stand by the conclusions presented in Urban et al. (2009) and defended in Urban et al. (2010).     

Response to Mugdan et al.'s comment on Urban et al. “Assessment of human health risks posed by consumption of fish from the Lower Passaic River (LPR), New Jersey” (2009, doi:10.1016/jscitotenv.2009.03.004)

Mugdan et al. have criticized certain aspects of the approach and general conclusions of our recently published fish ingestion risk assessment for the lower Passaic River (Urban et al., 2009), asserting that they are inconsistent with the United States Environmental Protection Agency's risk assessment guidelines we reference in our paper. Specifically, they assert that the excess cancer risk and health hazard results calculated as a part of our analyses underestimate the potential health risk posed to lower Passaic River anglers who actually consume their catch due to the fish ingestion rates we utilized in our analysis and our lack of inclusion of a crab ingestion pathway. While there clearly are differences between our risk assessment and the one conducted by the USEPA, this is not at all surprising given that their assessment reflects a typical screening-level risk assessment while that described in our paper reflects a more detailed site-specific risk assessment. In developing our exposure scenarios and assumptions, we considered and incorporated the available site-specific information in both deterministic and probabilistic quantitative risk frameworks in an effort to provide a sound and realistic human health risk assessment that quantitatively accounts for much of the variability and uncertainty typically inherent in such estimates. Although it is understandable that Mugdan et al. are compelled to defend the effort and conclusions put forth by USEPA Region 2 in its 2007 draft human health risk assessment of the lower Passaic River, the site-specific lower Passaic River human health risk assessment presented in Urban et al. (2009) was conducted according to USEPA guidelines, underwent peer review, and is, in fact, consistent with Superfund guidance and accepted principles of risk assessment.     

新方法分析现代桥梁等结构的稳定和振动

2005年11月17日，建设部科技司委托天津建委组织有关专家对天津城市建设学院承担的“用广义协调元方法分析现代桥梁等结构的稳定和振动”科研项目进行了验收。该项目的创新之处是将广义协调元应用于研究复合式多层无孔和开孔薄板的振动，为桥梁、建筑等结构提供了最新的也是目前国内外还没有应用的方法——广义协调元方法。这种方法与有限元等方法比较，具有精度高、程序简便、收敛快、便于在实际应用中推广等优点。专家们认定该项目的研究成果达到了国际先进水平，具有广泛的应用前景。     

美国应急反应规划的管理

作为计划职能的一部分，应急规划是应急管理的重要手段。美国国家应急管理机构经过24年的实践，积累了比较成熟的经验。尤其是他们在规划中充分利用组织、领导和控制职能，建立了一套完善的规划管理体系，可以为我国的城市应急规划与管理提供前车之鉴。     

回应气候的地方建筑技术

从气候文脉入手,研究了传统地方建筑中回应气候的技术措施以及它们在当代建筑中的创造性应用,指出在各种气候条件下,空间是一种资源,可以通过精心营造达到节能和创造宜人微气候的目标。     

美国应急反应规划的管理

作为计划职能的一部分,应急规划是应急管理的重要手段.美国国家应急管理机构经过24年的实践,积累了比较成熟的经验.尤其是他们在规划中充分利用组织、领导和控制职能,建立了一套完善的规划管理体系,可以为我国的城市应急规划与管理提供前车之鉴.     

高层隔震建筑风振响应研究

本文对比分析了高层隔震建筑和高层非隔震建筑的风振响应,并重点分析了高层隔震风振响应特点。首先,根据铅芯橡胶隔震支座和上部结构的力学特点,分别建立了高层隔震和高层非隔震的空间有限元模型;其次,基于引入时间抽取快速离散傅立叶变换的谐波叠加法,使用Matlab编程语言模拟出高层建筑空间相关脉动风速,把所模拟出的风荷载施加到隔震与非隔震三维空间有限元模型的相应节点上,对比分析隔震和非隔震建筑风荷载响应特点,并建议了高层隔震建筑抵抗风荷载应采取的措施。     

浅析应对气候变化的弹性设计策略

21世纪的中国将成为一个越来越"城市化"的国家,快速的城市化进程给城市的可持续发展带来压力。与此同时,气候变化也给城市发展带来新的挑战。在这种背景下,规划和设计城市不仅仅是提供良好的城市形态,更重要的是使城市具有应对干扰的弹性能力,保持长期的可持续发展。该文的目的是探讨应对气候变化的弹性城市设计策略与实践。首先,分析了弹性概念和内涵。其次,从弹性视角提出三个设计策略:开发多功能的绿色基础设施;建立模块化的雨水渗透系;提高多尺度网络的连通性。最后,在弹性理论的基础上,结合相关案例实践对三个设计策略进行探讨。