混合交通网络设计的双层模型及遗传算法求解

根据混合交通网络设计问题的特点,利用双层规划模型和遗传算法对该问题进行求解。对交通网络中的路段进行分类,通过限定决策变量的取值范围,将混合交通网络离散化。建立混合交通网络设计的双层模型。其中,上层模型以方案总投资额最小为目标函数,以路段负荷度和可行域为约束条件;下层模型为交通流分配的用户均衡模型。根据所建模型的离散特性,研究其遗传算法解法,并给出算法的具体实现步骤。以一个抽象的交通网络为例,给定网络中的路段属性、OD交通量等参数,利用MATLAB软件对模型编程求解,能够获得满意的交通网络设计方案,表明双层模型和遗传算法是一种研究混合交通网络设计问题的有效方法。最后,对该模型存在的不足及改进方向进行了探讨。     

基于交通延误最小的道路养护策略优化

道路养护常常需要关闭相应的机动车道 ,因而会产生新的交通延误。为减少四车道道路养护时所带来的交通延误 ,论文建立了基于交通延误最小的道路养护策略的整数规划优化模型 ,其中目标函数为路网总的交通延误最小 ,约束条件为总的可用工作时间 ;并通过具体的实例对模型进行了验证。在整数规划优化的基础上 ,论文还讨论了通过引入交通标志对交通流进行诱导从而进一步减少交通延误的可能性     

环境污染限制及最优信号控制条件下的综合离散网络设计问题

现代城市综合交通网络设计问题研究的主要内容就是通过新建或改善道路网络,用以减少现代交通带来的环境污染、合理设置交通信号等诸方面的问题。将道路环境能力限制、最优交通信号设置问题与城市交通离散网络设计问题结合起来研究,一方面通过修建新的路段使交通需求量达到最大从而满足城市中不断增长的交通需求;另一方面通过道路环境能力限制使交通网络的最大需求量能符合现代城市环境保护的要求。给出了描述上述问题的一个双层规划模型及其启发式求解算法。最后,通过一个简单的算例,说明该算法是可行并且有效的。     

A Linear Model for the Continuous Network Design Problem

Abstract:   This article is concerned with the continuous network design problem on traffic networks, assuming system optimum traffic flow conditions and time-dependent demand. A linear programming formulation is introduced based on a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model that propagates traffic according to the cell transmission model. The introduced approach is limited to continuous link improvements and does not provide for new link additions. The main contribution of the article is to provide an analytical formulation for network design that accounts for DTA conditions that can be used for further analysis and extensions. The model is tested on a single destination example network, resembling a freeway corridor, for various congestion levels, loading patterns and budget sizes, to demonstrate the simplicity and effectiveness of the approach.     

A Dantzig‐Wolfe Decomposition‐Based Heuristic for Off‐line Capacity Calibration of Dynamic Traffic Assignment

Abstract: One of the critical elements in considering any real‐time traffic management strategy requires assessing network traffic dynamics. Traffic is inherently dynamic, since it features congestion patterns that evolve over time and queues that form and dissipate over a planning horizon. Dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) is therefore gaining wider acceptance among agencies and practitioners as a more realistic representation of traffic phenomena than static traffic assignment. Though it is imperative to calibrate the DTA model such that it can accurately reproduce field observations and avoid erroneous flow predictions when evaluating traffic management strategies, DTA calibration is an onerous task due to the large number of variables that can be modified and the intensive computational resources required. To compliment other research on behavioral and trip table issues, this work focuses on DTA capacity calibration and presents an efficient Dantzig‐Wolfe decomposition‐based heuristic that decomposes the problem into a restricted master problem and a series of pricing problems. The restricted master problem is a capacity manipulation problem, which can be solved by a linear programming solver. The pricing problem is the user optimal DTA which can be optimally solved by an existing combinatorial algorithm. In addition, the proposed set of dual variable approximation techniques is one of a very limited number of approaches that can be used to estimate network‐wide dual information in facilitating algorithmic designs while maintaining scalability. Two networks of various sizes are empirically tested to demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed heuristic. Based on the results, the proposed heuristic can calibrate the network capacity and match the counts within a 1% optimality gap.     

Bi-level Programming Formulation and Heuristic Solution Approach for Dynamic Traffic Signal Optimization

Abstract:   Although dynamic traffic control and traffic assignment are intimately connected in the framework of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), they have been developed independent of one another by most existing research. Conventional methods of signal timing optimization assume given traffic flow pattern, whereas traffic assignment is performed with the assumption of fixed signal timing. This study develops a bi-level programming formulation and heuristic solution approach (HSA) for dynamic traffic signal optimization in networks with time-dependent demand and stochastic route choice. In the bi-level programming model, the upper level problem represents the decision-making behavior (signal control) of the system manager, while the user travel behavior is represented at the lower level. The HSA consists of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and a Cell Transmission Simulation (CTS) based Incremental Logit Assignment (ILA) procedure. GA is used to seek the upper level signal control variables. ILA is developed to find user optimal flow pattern at the lower level, and CTS is implemented to propagate traffic and collect real-time traffic information. The performance of the HSA is investigated in numerical applications in a sample network. These applications compare the efficiency and quality of the global optima achieved by Elitist GA and Micro GA. Furthermore, the impact of different frequencies of updating information and different population sizes of GA on system performance is analyzed.     

地下物流节点选址的双层规划模型及算法研究

地下物流系统是正在兴起的物流系统,能够缓解大城市日益严重的地面交通压力,提高交通运输的效率,减少环境污染。物流节点是地下物流系统的重要组成部分,主要负责货物的集散和配送等活动。本文阐述了地下物流节点的意义与职能,根据地下物流节点的特点并分析了双层规划模型的优点,在双层规划模型基础上建立了从决策者角度出发的上层规划模型和从客户角度出发的下层规划模型,分析了模型的解法并在实例中用MATLAB中的fmincon函数求解模型并得到了满意的结果,验证了双层规划模型在地下物流节点选址应用中的实用性和科学性,为以后地下物流系统建设中物流节点的选址问题提供了参考依据。     

A LOCATIONAL MODEL FOR THE SITE SELECTION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES WITH TRAFFIC CONGESTION CONSTRAINTS

The management of an integrated solid waste system has significantly changed with increasing environmental concerns. Conventional location/allocation models for solid waste management usually incorporate mass balance, capacity limitation, operating, and financial constraints. But the siting of important facilities, such as landfills, incinerators, and transfer stations, in a growing metropolitan region still encounters an explicit limitation: a traffic congestion constraint. The transfer station is the most critical one due to the various loading of different types of incoming and outgoing trucks during the peak hours in the metropolitan region. A mixed integer programming model with the framework of dynamic optimization still can be used efficiently for site selection over time once the traffic congestion constraint is included. The practical implementation of such a model is assessed by a case study of the Kaohsiung solid waste management system in Taiwan. It shows that the incorporation of the traffic congestion constraint does influence the optimal flow pattern in the soldity waste management network.     

阻滞下的竖井型隧道自然通风试验与数值模拟

针对竖井型城市公路隧道自然通风的当前研究现状,分析阻滞工况下的流场特征与存在的问题。依据相似准则,搭建局部暗埋段小尺寸模型,设置车辆发热源,测试纯热压作用下的流动速度。采用三维非稳态流动模型,利用FLUENT软件,模拟热压作用下的温度场、速度场,采用试验验证了模拟的准确性。进一步的车速、竖井个数与暗埋段长度的敏感性分析表明:车辆阻滞时,交通风力对隧道内自然通风影响小,热压成为影响隧道流场的主导因素;同一暗埋段内流场不均匀分布,中部远离两端竖井,改变竖井个数对此处流场影响较弱;暗埋段各典型位置风速随暗埋段长度增加而增加。     

Signal timing at an isolated intersection under mixed traffic environment with self-organizing connected and automated vehicles

This study provides a signal timing model for isolated intersections under the mixed traffic environment consisting of connected and human-driven vehicles (CHVs) and connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). Different from existing studies, CAVs are not controlled by traffic controllers and conduct trajectory planning themselves, which are called self-organizing CAVs (SOCAVs). The specific trajectory planning strategies of SOCAVs are not accessible to traffic controllers either. The signal optimization problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for total vehicle delay minimization. The states of SOCAVs and CHVs passing the stop bar are predicted without prior information of the trajectory planning strategies of SOCAVs. SOCAVs can lead approaching platoons to pass the intersection effectively, and such “leading effects” of SOCAVs are utilized. Phase sequence and duration are optimized with the “structure-free” phasing scheme. A parallel particle swarm optimization algorithm with a grouping strategy is designed to solve the optimization model at a reduced scale for computational efficiency. Numerical studies validate that (1) the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the benchmark method, which directly solves the proposed MILP model using the solver Gurobi 9.0, under medium and high traffic demand; and (2) the proposed model significantly outperforms fixed-time and vehicle-actuated signal control in terms of vehicle delay and throughput. Sensitivity analysis shows that the SOCAV penetration rate of 30% is sufficient to guarantee satisfactory performance of the proposed signal timing model.     

An approach for modelling CO2 emissions from road traffic in urban areas

An approach that incorporates three modelling components has been developed to estimate road traffic CO2 emissions for an urban area with street level resolution. The first component enables the determination of the road traffic characteristics using the SATURN (Simulation and Assignment of Traffic in Urban Road Networks) model. The output from this component is then analysed using MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB) programming to provide estimates of CO2 emissions for the urban area. Finally, ArcGIS is used to illustrate the model output. The three components are integrated using a Loose-Coupling approach in which the individual components each load the necessary data to give an independent output. The model structure is discussed in the current paper and the modelling results for a small city (Norwich, UK) are presented.     

停车场规划的多点区域分配-迭代寻优选址法

在研究了停车场选址问题的基础上,抓住了主要因素,建立了实用停车场选址的模型,并设计了往复调整、下降迭代相结合的算法,并在昆山市交通管理规划应用中取得了良好的效果。     

大城市中心区道路收费问题研究

随着我国大城市交通需求总量的快速增加和交通供给总量增长的相对缓慢 ,我国大城市交通道路拥挤的情况越来越严重。本文主要分析在大城市中心区实施道路收费来缓解大城市中心区的交通拥挤的方法 ,首先建立了大城市中心区道路收费的双层规划模型 ,然后对模型的求解进行了分析 ,最后提出了我国大城市中心区实施道路收费必须深入研究的内容     

行人影响下的信号交叉口通行能力研究

为量化行人交通对信号交叉口通行能力的影响,分析了行人-机动车冲突点处的行人行为特征和人车运行规律,并描述了行人成群到达的现象。在此基础上,利用车队分析法建立冲突点车辆通行能力模型,并且利用实测数据标定模型参数,为计算行人影响下的信号交叉口通行能力提供了分析依据。模型计算的冲突车流通行能力很大程度取决于有效绿灯时间内冲突点处人车冲突的平均次数。模型计算通行能力总体上低于HCM 2000方法,结果随行人流量增加而呈现的下降趋势渐趋平缓。模型建立在冲突点运行规律基础之上,具有较广泛的适应性。研究为混合交通条件下信号交叉口配时设计与交通管理提供了理论基础。     

基于可行弧内点算法的上限有限单元法优化求解

上限有限单元法将寻找机动相容速度场的问题转化为一个数学规划问题,克服了人为构造机动相容速度场的困难,在复杂工程问题中具有广阔的应用前景。基于非线性规划的上限有限单元法,可避免对屈服函数的线性化处理,大大地减少了优化变量数,同时可节约大量存储空间,但由此产生的非线性规划模型十分复杂。为此,在引入一种非线性上限规划模型的基础上,探讨基于可行弧内点算法对其进行优化求解的步骤。首先,采用BFGS公式对屈服函数的Hessian矩阵进行迭代,避免了计算过程中该矩阵病态的问题;其次,通过构造可行弧,克服了当迭代点到达非线性约束边界时搜索步长过短的问题;最后,采用Wolfe非精确搜索技术进行线性搜索,提高了步长搜索效率。通过MATLAB编程进行算例分析表明,基于可行弧内点算法的非线性上限有限单元法,计算效率高、计算误差小、数值稳定性好,可以适应大部分土体稳定性分析计算。     

Traffic load modelling based on structural health monitoring data

Live and fatigue load models are foundations for the life-cycle design of highway bridges. Many highway bridges are now equipped with structural health monitoring (SHM) systems, which provide valuable data to establish load models. In this paper, traffic load models of the Binzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge are developed based on the field measurement of vehicles by an existing SHM system. The probabilistic distribution model and extreme value distribution of gross vehicle weight are statistically analysed using the monitoring data. The results indicate that they follow the bimodal lognormal and Gumbel distributions, respectively. The fatigue load spectrum is also studied. The logistic model is employed to predict the long-term traffic volume, and its parameters of the logistic model are updated using the monitored traffic volume. The combination of the fatigue load spectrum and the traffic volume forecast using the updated logistic model provides a load model for estimation of fatigue damage evolution of bridges.     

Lane width‐based cellular automata model for mixed bicycle traffic flow

In this paper, an improved extended Burgers cellular automata (EBCA) model for heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow is proposed. The compressibility of bicycle traffic flow is considered as a probability, which is related to the bicycle path width. The proposed improved EBCA model is calibrated and validated using the field data collected from three sites in Hangzhou, China. The proposed model is compared with the original EBCA model that does not consider compressibility. The comparison results show that our improved model can simulate heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow better. Moreover, the proposed model overcomes the shortcoming of the other BCA models that only specific path widths can be simulated directly when lane width is determined. Lastly, the EBCA model performance in the congested regions is improved significantly.     

Modeling and Implementation of Adaptive Transit Signal Priority on Actuated Control Systems

Abstract: This article describes the development and implementation of adaptive transit signal priority (TSP) on an actuated dual‐ring traffic signal control system. After providing an overview of architecture design of the adaptive TSP system, the article presents an adaptive TSP optimization model that optimizes green splits for three consecutive cycles to minimize the weighted sum of transit vehicle delay and other traffic delay, considering the safety and other operational constraints under the dual‐ring structure of signal control. The model is illustrated using a numerical example under medium and heavily congested situations. The findings from a field operational test are also reported to validate and demonstrate the developed TSP system. At a congested intersection, it is found that the average bus delay and average traffic delay along the bus movement direction were reduced by approximately 43% and 16%, respectively. Moreover, the average delay of cross‐street traffic was increased by about 12%.     

交通枢纽出租车到达车道边通行能力分析

大型交通枢纽对出租车交通方式有较大的需求。针对常见的平行并发式与斜列式2种到达车道边布置方式,利用相关交通软件编制程序进行蒙特卡洛模拟分析,研究不同停车位下的到达车道边通行能力及服务水平,并提出确定到达车道边合理规模的方法。     

四自由度车辆模型动载研究

用FFT逆变换法将路面功率谱密度生成路面的不平度,采用状态空间法求出了四自由度二分之一车辆模型的振动方程,并编制程序根据路面不平度的输入条件求解了车辆模型的振动响应,分析发现,路面状况和行车速度是影响附加动载系数的主要因素。