共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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Lars Mlhave 《Indoor air》1991,1(4):357-376
This publication summarizes field investigations and controlled experiments on the relation between low levels of indoor air pollution with volatile organic compounds (VOC) and human health and comfort. The Henle-Kock criteria from epidemiology are revised for the dose-response relation between VOC's and health as comfort effects and existing evidence for each criterion are discussed. A biological model for human responses is suggested, based on three mechanisms: sensory perception of the environment, weak inflammatory reactions, and environmental stress reactions. Further, the TVOC-indicator concept for exposure is discussed. The conclusion is that no experimental or field data contradict the proposed causality. On the contrary, evidence supports the suggested causality. The biological model, however, is not yet based on acceptable measures of the variables for exposures, co-variables or health effects. A tentative guideline for VOC's in non-industrial indoor environments is suggested. The no-effect level seems to be about 0.2 mg/m3. A multi-factorial exposure range may exist between 0.2 and 3 mg/m3. Above 3 mg/m3 discomfort is expected. 相似文献
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Lars E. Ekberg 《Indoor air》1994,4(3):189-196
The indoor concentrations of contaminants originating from outdoor sources have been measured and calculated under transient conditions. The results show that contaminants that are supplied to an office building via the ventilation system can reach considerably high concentration levels. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratio and time lag are dependent on the air change rate. In buildings with low air change rates the indoor concentration variations are smoothed out compared to buildings with high air change rates. The results from the theoretical model are compared to the results from both laboratory and field measurements and the model is verified for well mixed conditions in a 20 m3 test chamber. The model can be used to simulate different control strategies for reduction of indoor contaminant concentrations related to outdoor sources. One such control strategy is based on reduction of the outdoor air change rate during periods with peak outdoor contaminant concentrations. 相似文献
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建筑装修材料与室内空气质量 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了建筑装修材料中的主要污染物及其危害,阐述了国家颁布的室内空气污染控制指标.提出了开发绿色材料、严格控制工程过程、加强通风换气及使用空气净化装置等防治建筑装修材料污染的措施。同时指出,控制室内装饰装修材料产生的空气污染的关键是控制材料的污染物散发量,限制或禁用污染物散发量超标的材料,提倡使用绿色装饰装修材料。 相似文献
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Robert E. Dales Irwin Schweitzer Sheryl Bartlett Mark Raizenne Richard Burnett 《Indoor air》1994,4(1):2-7
To test the reproducibility of a questionnaire previously used to study the association between respiratory symptoms and home dampness/mold, it was sent to the parents of 1,596 children twice, with an interval of one month between distributions. A total of 770 respondents completed the questionnaire both times and were entered into an analysis. For exposure variables, percentages of agreement between the two administrations ranged from 87% for visible mold growth in the home to 95% for basement flooding. Respective kappa scores ranged from 73% to 82%. Percentage agreements for the adults' symptoms variables ranged from 80% for upper respiratory symptoms, to 99% for physician-diagnosed asthma. Percentage agreements for children's symptoms ranged from 81% for upper respiratory symptoms to 97% for current asthma. For all symptoms kappas ranged from 59% to 90% indicating moderate to high reproducibility. Future research should now concentrate on validating the questionnaire as an indicator of mold growth. 相似文献
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随着城市交通的快速发展,交通污染逐渐成为影响城市空气质量的主要因素。街谷内的交通污染还会因为室内通风对室内空气质量产生影响。本文介绍了城市街谷内交通空气污染的主要特点和扩散模式,总结了室外交通污染对室内空气质量的影响特点和影响因素,并对现有的实地测量法、理论模式预测法和数值模拟法进行了分析和比较,最终对数值模拟法可能遇到的问题和解决方法进行了分析和讨论。 相似文献
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Mou Shuming 《施工技术》2008,(Z2)
通过分析室内空气质量认识上的一些误区,阐述了室内环境污染检测的必要性和不可替代性。同时,列举了光触媒、化学药剂、机器电子、功能性植物、活性碳等环境污染治理方式,并指出其优缺点及适用性。指出了室内污染治理应注意的问题,以根据实际情况,选择合适的处理方式。 相似文献
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建筑室内空气质量标准研究及修正建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前室内空气质量是国际社会关注的热点问题,为了有效地控制室内空气质量,不同国家和地区建立了各自的标准,文章对目前各国室内空气质量标准进行了对比,并对其目的和产生背景、实施方法等进行了阐述,从而论证了《民用建筑工程室内环境污染物控制规范》(GB 50325-2001)在制定后对室内空气质量控制所起的积极意义。 相似文献
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利用CFD软件Airpak,对某办公室在夏季工况下室内空调送风进行数值模拟.根据模拟所得结果分析室内空气品质及热舒适,为空调房间的气流组织形式优化设计及室内热环境的改善提供参考. 相似文献
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宿舍空气品质直接影响着学生的睡眠质量和身心健康。通过调查得到学生的作息模式,分析了感知空气品质PAQ、不满意率QPD和可接受度ACC的关系之后,对宿舍空气品质进行了评价。研究结果表明,宿舍空气品质受宿舍成员开窗习惯和生活习惯影响较大,在所研究时间内,对空气品质的不满意率低于20%。 相似文献
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Abstract Sensory responses to clean air and air polluted by five building materials under different combinations of temperature and humidity in the ranges 18-28°C and 30-70%RH were studied in the laboratory. A specially designed test system was built and a set of experiments was designed to observe separately the impact of temperature and humidity on the perception of air quality/odour intensity, and on the emission of pollutants from the materials. This paper reports on the impact on perception. The odour intensity of air did not change significantly with temperature and humidity; however, a strong and significant impact of temperature and humidity on the perception of air quality was found. The air was perceived as less acceptable with increasing temperature and humidity. This impact decreased with an increasing level of air pollution. Significant linear correlations were found between acceptability and enthalpy of the air at all pollution levels tested, and a linear model was established to describe the dependence of perceived air quality on temperature and humidity at different pollution levels. 相似文献
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室内空气品质是当今人们普遍关心的话题。从室内空气品质的定义以及影响室内空气品质的因素等方面进行了分析,并就此提出了改善室内空气品质应采取的措施和方法。 相似文献
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