A new hybrid denoising model based on PDEs

In this paper, a novel denoising algorithm based on the denoising methods of partial differential equations is presented. The proposed algorithm is obtained by using a stochastic algorithm for combining two denoising methods based on partial differential equations. The model provides a new approach for solving the contradiction in the image restoration. The new hybrid model has more ability to restore the image in terms of peak signal to noise ratio, blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator and visual quality, compared with each of denoising methods separately used. Experimental results show that our approach is more efficient in image denoising than the used denoising methods.     

基于改进粒子群算法的剪切散斑相位图去噪方法

空间相移剪切散斑干涉技术具有全场、非接触、高灵敏度等特点,是动态无损检测的关键技术。针对瞬态剪切散斑干涉获得的高噪声相位条纹图中噪声强度大、条纹复杂等情况,常规粒子群优化算法在高噪声相位图像的去噪处理中存在处理不完整、无法较好保持条纹细节等问题,因此提出一种基于优化粒子群算法的剪切散斑相位图去噪方法。该方法在常规粒子群优化算法的基础上,改进了传统线性惯性权值调整方法,提出非线性权值分配方法,同时通过调整聚集度系数提高了算法局部搜索能力。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地保护条纹的边缘纹理和相位信息,与常规粒子群优化算法相比速度提高了15%,相位奇异点数减少了21.3%,与其他现有方法相比,所提出的算法的去噪效果更好。     

An approach based on hybrid genetic algorithm applied to image denoising problem

An approach based on hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed for image denoising. In this problem, a digital image corrupted by a noise level must be recovered without losing important features such as edges, corners and texture. The HGA introduces a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) with image denoising methods. During the evolutionary process, this approach applies some state-of-the-art denoising methods and filtering techniques, respectively, as local search and mutation operators. A set of digital images, commonly used by the scientific community as benchmark, is contaminated by different levels of additive Gaussian noise. Another set composed of some Satellite Aperture Radar (SAR) images, corrupted with a multiplicative speckle noise, is also used during the tests. First, the computational tests evaluate several alternative designs from the proposed HGA. Next, our approach is compared against literature methods on the two mentioned sets of images. The HGA performance is competitive for the majority of the reported results, outperforming several state-of-the-art methods for images with high levels of noise.     

视觉显著性驱动的全景渲染图非局部降噪

目的 传统降噪方法通常忽视人眼感知因素,对不同区域的图像块都进行同等处理。当使用传统降噪算法对全景画面滤波处理时,全景画面两极区域容易产生模糊问题,尤其是通过视口观察时,该问题更加明显。针对此问题,提出一种视觉显著性驱动的蒙特卡洛渲染生成全景图非局部均值（visual saliency driven non-local means,VSD-NLM）滤波降噪算法。方法 在VSD-NLM算法中首先使用全景图显著区域检测算法获取全景画面的显著区域;然后使用梯度幅值相似性偏差辅助的非局部均值（gradient magnitude similarity deviation assisted non-local means,GMSDA-NLM）滤波算法,降低显著区域的噪声;同时设计并行非局部均值（parallel non-local means,P-NLM）滤波算法,加快降噪处理速度,降低非显著区域噪声;最后利用改进的Canny算法提取梯度特征,同时结合各向异性扩散引导滤波来优化降噪结果。结果 采用结构相似度（structural similarity,SSIM）和FLIP作为评价指标,来对比VSDNLM算法与非局部均值滤波算法、多特征非局部均值滤波算法以及渐进式去噪算法等其他算法的性能。实验结果表明,VSD-NLM算法的降噪结果在客观评价指标上均优于对比算法,SSIM值比其他算法平均提高14.7%,FLIP值比其他算法平均降低15.2%。在视觉效果方面,VSD-NLM算法能够减轻全景画面模糊,提升视觉感知质量。本文对GMSDA-NLM和P-NLM算法的有效性进行了实验验证,相较于非局部均值滤波算法,GMSDA-NLM算法能够有效去除噪声并保持图像细节的完整性。P-NLM算法在运行速度方面相较对比算法平均提高约6倍,与串行算法生成的图像之间的SSIM值可达到0.996。结论 本文算法能够更好地用于全景图降噪,滤波效果更佳,对全景电影制作应用有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Image denoising using 2-D FIR filters designed with DEPSO

Digital images are often corrupted by additive noises during transmission. Thus, how to alleviate noise as much as possible has received concerns for decades. In this paper, we present a simple denoising method based on two dimensional (2-D) finite impulse response (FIR) filtering, where by differential evolution particle swarm optimization (DEPSO) algorithm, five two dimensional finite impulse response filters are designed to filter different kinds of pixels. Comprised by differential evolution algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm, differential evolution particle swarm optimization algorithm is effective and robust, which helps to yield better denoise performance. And computer simulation demonstrates that the proposed method is superior to the conventional lowpass filtering method, as well as the modern bilateral filtering and stochastic denoising method.     

Elimination of noise on transcranial Doppler signal using IIR filters designed with artificial bee colony – ABC-algorithm

Biomedical signals are usually contaminated by noise generated from sources such as power line interference and disturbances produced by the movement of the recording electrodes. Also the signal-to-noise ratio of biomedical signals is usually quite low. In addition, biomedical signals often interfere with each other. Therefore, the filters employed for eliminating noise and interference are significant in the medical practice. Digital infinite impulse response (IIR) filters have shorter filter length than the finite impulse response (FIR) filters with the same frequency characteristic. Therefore, in this work, an approach based on digital IIR filters are described for the elimination of noise on transcranial Doppler by using artificial bee colony (ABC) which is a popular swarm based optimization algorithm introduced recently. Moreover, the performance of the proposed approach is compared to particle swarm optimization algorithm.     

改进的曲率滤波强噪声图像去噪方法

目的 医学影像获取和视频监控过程中会出现一些恶劣环境,导致图像有许多强噪声斑点,质量较差。在处理强噪声图像时,传统的基于变分模型的算法,因需要计算高阶偏微分方程,计算复杂且收敛较慢;而隐式使用图像曲率信息的曲率滤波模型,在处理强噪声图像时,又存在去噪不完全的缺陷。为了克服这些缺陷,在保持图像边缘和细节特征的同时去除图像的强噪声,实现快速去噪,提出了一种改进的曲率滤波算法。方法 本文算法在隐式计算曲率时,通过半窗三角切平面和最小三角切平面的组合,用投影算子代替传统曲率滤波的最小三角切平面投影算子,并根据强噪声图像存在强噪声斑点的特征,修正正则能量函数,增添局部方差的正则能量,使得正则项的约束更加合理,提高了算法的去噪性能,从而达到增强去噪能力和保护图像边缘与细节的目的。结果 针对多种不同强度的混合噪声图像对本文算法性能进行测试,并与传统的基于变分法的去噪算法（ROF）和曲率滤波去噪等算法进行去噪效果对比,同时使用峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似性（SSIM）作为滤波算法性能的客观评价指标。本文算法在对强噪声图像去噪处理时,能够有效地保持图像的边缘和细节特征,具备较好的PSNR和SSIM,在PSNR上比ROF模型和曲率滤波算法分别平均提高1.67 dB和2.93 dB,SSIM分别平均提高0.29和0.26。由于采用了隐式计算图像曲率,算法的处理速度与曲率滤波算法相近。结论 根据强噪声图像噪声特征对曲率滤波算法进行优化,改进投影算子和能量函数正则项,使得曲率滤波算法能够更好地适用于强噪声图像,实验结果表明,该方法与传统的变分法相比,对强噪声图像去噪效果显著。     

Nonlocal Image and Movie Denoising

Neighborhood filters are nonlocal image and movie filters which reduce the noise by averaging similar pixels. The first object of the paper is to present a unified theory of these filters and reliable criteria to compare them to other filter classes. A CCD noise model will be presented justifying the involvement of neighborhood filters. A classification of neighborhood filters will be proposed, including classical image and movie denoising methods and discussing further a recently introduced neighborhood filter, NL-means. In order to compare denoising methods three principles will be discussed. The first principle, “method noise”, specifies that only noise must be removed from an image. A second principle will be introduced, “noise to noise”, according to which a denoising method must transform a white noise into a white noise. Contrarily to “method noise”, this principle, which characterizes artifact-free methods, eliminates any subjectivity and can be checked by mathematical arguments and Fourier analysis. “Noise to noise” will be proven to rule out most denoising methods, with the exception of neighborhood filters. This is why a third and new comparison principle, the “statistical optimality”, is needed and will be introduced to compare the performance of all neighborhood filters. The three principles will be applied to compare ten different image and movie denoising methods. It will be first shown that only wavelet thresholding methods and NL-means give an acceptable method noise. Second, that neighborhood filters are the only ones to satisfy the “noise to noise” principle. Third, that among them NL-means is closest to statistical optimality. A particular attention will be paid to the application of the statistical optimality criterion for movie denoising methods. It will be pointed out that current movie denoising methods are motion compensated neighborhood filters. This amounts to say that they are neighborhood filters and that the ideal neighborhood of a pixel is its trajectory. Unfortunately the aperture problem makes it impossible to estimate ground true trajectories. It will be demonstrated that computing trajectories and restricting the neighborhood to them is harmful for denoising purposes and that space-time NL-means preserves more movie details.     

基于奇异谱分析和维纳滤波的语音去噪算法

针对维纳滤波算法对非平稳语音信号去噪存在的信号失真、信噪比(SNR)不高的问题,提出了一种奇异谱分析(SSA)和维纳滤波(WF)相结合的语音去噪算法SSA-WF。通过奇异谱分析将非线性、非平稳的语音信号初步去噪,提高含噪语音的信噪比以获取尽可能平稳的语音,并将其作为维纳滤波的输入,以剔除其中仍存在的高频噪声,最终获取纯净的去噪语音。在不同强度的背景噪声下进行仿真实验,结果表明SSA-WF算法在SNR和均方根误差(RMSE)等方面都要优于传统的语音去噪算法,能够有效去除背景噪声,降低有用信号的失真,适用于非线性、非平稳语音信号的去噪。     

Optimal design of continuous time irrational filter with a set of fractional order gammatone components via norm relaxed sequential quadratic programming approach

This paper proposes a continuous time irrational filter structure via a set of the fractional order Gammatone components instead of via a set of integer order Gammatone components. The filter design problem is formulated as a nonsmooth and nonconvex infinite constrained optimization problem. The nonsmooth function is approximated by a smooth operator. The domain of the constraint functions is sampled into a set of finite discrete points so the infinite constrained optimization problem is approximated by a finite constrained optimization problem. To find a near globally optimal solution, the norm relaxed sequential quadratic programming approach is applied to find the locally optimal solutions of this nonconvex optimization problem. The current or the previous locally optimal solutions are kicked out by adding the random vectors to them. The locally optimal solutions with the lower objective functional values are retained and the locally optimal solutions with the higher objective functional values are discarded. By iterating the above procedures, a near globally optimal solution is found. The designed filter is applied to perform the denoising. It is found that the signal to noise ratio of the designed filter is higher than those of the filters designed by the conventional gradient descent approach and the genetic algorithm method, while the required computational power of our proposed method is lower than those of the conventional gradient descent approach and the genetic algorithm method. Also, the signal to noise ratio of the filter with the fractional order Gammatone components is higher than those of the filter with the integer order Gammatone components and the conventional rational infinite impulse response filters.     

Salt and pepper noise filtering with fuzzy-cellular automata

A new image denoising algorithm is proposed to restore digital images corrupted by impulse noise. It is based on two dimensional cellular automata (CA) with the help of fuzzy logic theory. The algorithm describes a local fuzzy transition rule which gives a membership value to the corrupted pixel neighborhood and assigns next state value as a central pixel value. The proposed method removes the noise effectively even at noise level as high as 90%. Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithm provides better performance than many of the existing filters in terms of noise suppression and detail preservation. Also, qualitative and quantitative measures of the image produce better results on different images compared with the other algorithms.     

椒盐图像的方向加权均值滤波算法

椒盐噪声是造成图像污染的主要因素之一,椒盐去噪是图像去噪领域的研究热点。方向加权中值滤波算法计算噪声点滤波输出时存在一定的问题,比如,未排除近邻噪声点的干扰,对方向的估计不准确,对局部灰度特性刻画不完整等。为此,提出一种方向加权均值滤波算法。此算法先根据方向灰度差异和灰度极值判断检测噪声点,然后根据对局部窗口噪声强度的估计自适应地选择递归或非递归滤波窗口的加权灰度均值作为滤波输出。仿真实验结果表明,提出的算法与现有的两种方向加权中值滤波算法相比,PSNR普遍提高了2~3dB和5~6dB,噪声密度高时提高的幅度更加明显;速度提高了接近10倍和30倍。     

Contourlet收缩和全变差相结合的图像去噪

充分保持细节的图像去噪在图像处理领域具有重要的意义。一种新的将Contourlet收缩和全变差相结合的混合去噪算法被提出。利用空域自适应的全变差,对含噪图像与Contourlet硬阈值收缩图像的差值图像进行滤波。再和收缩图像相叠加,从而得到最终的去噪图像。实验结果表明,和现有的典型去噪方法相比较,所提出的算法在有效去除噪声和Gibbs伪影的同时,更好地保持了边缘和纹理等重要的细节信息。     

保特征的联合滤波网格去噪算法

目的 在去噪的过程中保持网格模型的特征结构是网格去噪领域研究的热点问题。为了能够在去噪中保持模型特征,本文提出一种基于变分形状近似（VSA）分割算法的保特征网格去噪算法。方法 引入变分形状近似分割算法分析并提取噪声网格模型的几何特征,分3步进行去噪。第1步使用变分形状近似算法对网格进行分割,对模型进行分块降噪预处理。第2步通过分析变分形状近似算法提取分割边界中的特征信息,将网格划分为特征区域与非特征区域。对两个区域用不同的滤波器联合滤波面法向量。第3步根据滤波后的面法向量,使用非迭代的网格顶点更新方法更新顶点位置。结果 相较于现有全局去噪方法,本文方法可以很好地保持网格模型的特征,引入的降噪预处理对于非均匀网格的拓扑结构保持有着很好的效果。通过对含有不同程度高斯噪声的网格模型进行实验表明,本文算法无论在直观上还是定量分析的结果都相较于对比的方法有着更好的去噪效果,实验中与对比算法相比去噪效果提升15%。结论 与现有的网格去噪算法对比,实验结果表明本文算法在中等高斯噪声下更加鲁棒,对常见模型有着比较好的去噪效果,能更好地处理不均匀采样的网格模型,恢复模型原有的特征信息和拓扑结构。     

一种基于非局部思想的改进图像降噪算法

数字图像因噪声的影响会严重降低其视觉效果,图像降噪算法的研究是数字图像处理领域的一个重要研究方向。本文在基于稀疏和冗余字典的图像降噪算法基础上,提出了一种基于非局部思想的改进图像降噪算法。与传统的基于稀疏表达的图像降噪算法KSVD相比,本文算法增加了一个相似块聚合的过程,使得学习的字典更小且更准确。利用自然图像包含很多的自相似,相似样本聚合学习出的字典比传统KSVD算法能更准确更稀疏的表示样本。稀疏度的提高使得重建后的信号更加的准确,适应性更好。实验证明本文算法取得了更好的视觉效果。     

采用训练策略实现的快速噪声水平估计

目的 大多数图像降噪算法都属于非盲降噪算法,其获得良好降噪性能的前提是能够准确地获知图像的噪声水平值。然而,现有的噪声水平估计（NLE）算法在噪声水平感知特征（NLAF）提取和噪声水平值映射两个核心模块中分别存在特征描述能力不足和预测准确性有待提高的问题。为此,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络（CNN）自动提取NLAF特征,并利用增强BP （back propagation）神经网络将其映射为相应噪声水平值的改进算法。方法 在训练阶段,首先通过训练卷积神经网络模型并以全连接层中若干与噪声水平值相关系数较高的输出值构成NLAF特征矢量;然后,在AdaBoost技术的支撑下,利用多个映射能力相对较弱的BP神经网络构建一个非线性映射能力更强的增强BP神经网络预测模型,将NLAF特征矢量直接映射为噪声水平值。在预测阶段,首先从给定噪声图像中随机选取若干个图块输入到卷积神经网络模型中,提取每个图块的若干维NLAF特征值后,利用预先训练的BP网络模型将其映射为对应的噪声水平值,然后以估计值的中值作为图像噪声水平值的最终估计结果。结果 对于具有不同噪声水平和内容结构的噪声图像,利用所提算法估计出的噪声水平值与真实值之间的估计误差小于0.5,均方根误差小于0.9,表现出良好的预测准确性和稳定性。此外,所提算法具有较高的执行效率,估计一幅512×512像素的图像的噪声水平值仅需约13.9 ms。结论 实验数据表明,所提算法在高、中、低各个噪声水平下都具有稳定的预测准确性和较高的执行效率,与现有的主流噪声水平估计算法相比综合性能更佳,可以很好地应用于要求噪声水平作为关键参数的实际应用中。     

联合矩阵F范数的低秩图像去噪

摘 要：目的：低秩矩阵恢复是通过最小化矩阵核范数来获得低秩解,然而待恢复低秩矩阵相关性低的要求往往会导致求解不稳定的情况。方法：针对该问题,研究一种基于变量分裂的低秩图像恢复去噪算法,引入待恢复矩阵的Frobenius范数作为新正则项,与原有低秩矩阵的核范数组成联合正则化项,对问题进行凸松弛后,采用变量分裂的增广拉格朗日乘子法求解。结果：为考察方法的稳定性和去噪能力,选取了不同参数类型的加噪图像进行仿真,并结合恢复时间、信噪比、差错率等评价标准与现有低秩矩阵恢复算法进行对比。结论：实验结果表明增加Frobenius范数的低秩矩阵恢复模型在保持原有低秩稀疏恢复的前提下,具有良好的去噪性能,对相关性强的低秩图像恢复结果稳定性好,获得了更高的信噪比。     

基于曲率差分的自适应全变分去噪算法

针对整体变分（TV）修复模型易受到梯度的影响而且常常会丢失图像细节信息的缺点,提出了一种基于曲率差分的自适应全变分去噪算法。在联合非线性各向异性扩散滤波器和冲击滤波器对含噪图像做预处理的基础上,通过自适应方式调节正则项和保真项的权重系数,该算法能同时兼顾边缘保留和图像平滑去噪。仿真实验结果表明：与现有的去噪算法相比,该算法在不同强度的脉冲噪声下可以将峰值信噪比提升14%以上,同时将归一均方误差降低43%以上。     

Evaluation of visual saliency analysis algorithms in noisy images

Most existing visual saliency analysis algorithms assume that the input image is clean and does not have any disturbances. However, this situation is not always the case. In this paper, we provide an extensive evaluation of visual saliency analysis algorithms in noisy images. We analyze the noise immunity of saliency analysis algorithms by evaluating the performances of the algorithms in noisy images with increasing noise scales and by studying the effects of applying different denoising methods before performing saliency analysis. We use 10 state-of-the-art saliency analysis algorithms and 7 typical image denoising methods on 4 eye fixation datasets and 2 salient object detection datasets. Our experiments show that the performances of saliency analysis algorithms decrease with increasing image noise scales in general. An exception is that the nonlinear features (NF) integrated algorithm shows good noise immunity. We also find that image denoising methods can greatly improve the noise immunity of the algorithms. Our results show that the combination of NF and Median denoising method works best on eye fixation datasets and the combination of saliency optimization (SO) and color block-matching and 3D filtering (C-BM3D) method works best on salient object detection datasets. The combination of SO and Average denoising method works best for applications wherein time efficiency is a major concern for both types of datasets.     

迭代自适应权重均值滤波的图像去噪

针对现有滤波方法滤除图像椒盐噪声的性能不理想和耗时长等缺陷,提出了一种迭代自适应权重均值滤波的图像去噪方法（IAWF）。首先,利用图像邻域像素与处理点的相似性采用新型方法构建邻域权重;然后,将此邻域权重与开关裁剪均值滤波结合形成新型权重均值滤波方法,充分利用像素间的相关性和开关裁剪滤波的优势,有效提高了算法的去噪效果,同时采用自适应的方式调整滤波窗口大小,以便尽可能地保护图像细节;最后,采用迭代式滤波方法,即如果上述操作还没有处理完噪声点,则迭代去噪直至噪声点处理完毕,实现自动处理。仿真实验结果表明,在各种不同噪声密度下,IAWF在峰值信噪比（PSNR）、失真度,以及视觉效果等方面均优于现有的几种优秀的滤波算法,且具有更快的运行速度,更适用于实际应用场合。