核壳型多级孔道ZSM-5/MCM-41分子筛的制备及其在汽油改质中的应用

在碱处理ZSM 5的浆液中外加模板剂和新的硅铝源,采用水热合成法合成了具有微孔和介孔孔道的多级孔道H ZSM 5/MCM 41分子筛,采用XRD、BET和HRTEM等方法对其表征。在20 MPa、350℃、体积空速2 h-1、氢/油体积比300的条件下,采用固定床反应器,考察了合成分子筛经等体积浸渍法负载不同n(Ni)/n(Mo)双金属活性组分所得催化剂对加氢脱硫后的FCC汽油重组分的加氢改质催化性能。结果表明,合成的H ZSM 5/MCM 41分子筛中外加硅铝源的Si/Al摩尔比为50时,可以得到孔道结构较好的多级孔道分子筛,该分子筛具有以ZSM 5分子筛相作为核、介孔MCM 41相作为壳的核壳结构。多级孔道分子筛负载NiMo双金属活性组分的催化剂催化汽油加氢异构化和芳构化性能与其酸性和孔结构密切相关,当催化剂中n(Ni)/n(Mo)=1/2,w(Ni)=30%时,其汽油加氢异构化和芳构化催化性能较好。     

不同硅/铝比La/ZSM-5分子筛对催化裂化轻汽油异构化/芳构化性能的影响

分别以硅/铝摩尔比为40、200、300、400的ZSM-5分子筛为载体,以金属镧为活性组分,制备一系列催化裂化(FCC)轻汽油异构化/芳构化催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附、²⁷Al MAS NMR、氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、吡啶红外吸附(Py-FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对其进行表征。以FCC轻汽油为原料,研究了La/ZSM-5分子筛硅/铝摩尔比变化对异构化/芳构化反应性能的影响。结果表明：随着ZSM-5硅/铝摩尔比的增加,其酸强度逐渐降低,B酸与L酸酸量比值减小,芳烃产率呈现先增加后减少的趋势;当硅/铝摩尔比为200时,Brønsted(B)酸与Lewis(L)酸酸量比值最低,FCC轻汽油异构化/芳构化性能最高;在反应温度380 ℃、压力1.0 MPa、氢/油体积比100和体积空速1.0 h^-1的条件下,La/ZSM-5 200分子筛催化剂作用下异构化/芳构化产品与反应原料相比,烯烃体积分数降低32.81百分点,异构烷烃体积分数增加18.24百分点,芳烃体积分数增加到5.97%,辛烷值降低5.38个单位,达成以芳构/异构反应为主的大幅度降烯烃的目标,为京Ⅵ(B)汽油标准的实施提供了技术支持。     

Zn改性ZRP沸石催化剂对催化裂化汽油芳构化性能的影响

以催化裂化汽油为原料,在固定床微反装置上考察Zn改性ZRP沸石催化剂对催化裂化汽油芳构化反应性能的影响,通过实验考察改性金属Zn在芳构化反应中的作用,并结合吡啶吸附红外吸收光谱分析改性前后催化剂的酸性变化,提出催化裂化汽油在Zn改性ZRP沸石催化剂上的反应机理。结果表明,Zn改性能够显著提高ZRP沸石催化剂的芳构化性能。分析认为催化裂化汽油芳构化反应在ZRP沸石催化剂上主要通过氢转移反应实现,在Zn改性的ZRP沸石催化剂上以环化、脱氢为主,氢转移反应为辅,并涉及到裂化、齐聚、异构化等反应。Zn改性的ZRP沸石孔道中可能存在[Zn(OH)]+活性位,它具有B酸和L酸的双重属性,芳构化反应在不同的反应步骤需要不同性质的活性位,因此Zn改性可提高ZRP沸石的芳构化性能。     

FCC汽油叠合生产柴油的研究——(Ⅰ)叠合催化剂的研制

采用中孔γ-Al2O3为载体，以非贵金属Ni为活性金属组分，以金属Sn为助剂组分，制备了FCC汽油叠合生产柴油的催化剂。在实验室小型连续流动式固定床装置上，以FCC汽油为原料，考察了主活性金属负载量、助催化剂、催化剂制备条件对催化剂性能的影响。研究结果表明，在活性金属Ni质量分数为8％，助催化剂Sn质量分数为1％，浸渍时间6h，焙烧温度500℃，焙烧时间4h的条件下，制备的叠合催化剂的催化性能最好。并对催化剂进行了1500h的稳定性试验和再生性能考察，结果表明该叠合催化剂具有良好的稳定性和再生性能。     

金属分散位置对加氢裂化催化剂性能的影响

以Y分子筛、β分子筛和无定形硅铝基质材料为载体组分,通过将金属组分负载在不同载体组分的表面制备了金属分散位置不同的催化剂,考察了载体酸中心与金属中心的位置分布对催化剂孔结构、酸性和加氢裂化反应活性的影响。结果表明,与金属组分均匀分散于无定形硅铝和分子筛上相比,将金属组分全部负载于无定形硅铝材料上时催化剂的比表面积损失较小,催化剂中分子筛的酸性降低程度低;金属组分活性中心距离载体强酸中心较近时,有利于反应物分子由酸中心向加氢中心扩散,催化剂的加氢反应活性较高,反应转化率、轻油选择性及化工原料收率均较高,但液体收率较低。     

不同HZSM-5分子筛催化剂上FCC汽油馏分的芳构化研究

在实验室小型连续流动式固定床反应器上考察了三种不同硅铝比和不同晶粒度的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂对催化裂化汽油馏分(馏程为75～120℃)的芳构化反应的影响,并对不同硅铝比的HZSM-5分子筛进行了酸性表征.结果表明,低硅铝比的HZSM-5其总酸量较大、初始活性较高,但稳定性不好;而高硅铝比的HZSM-5其总酸量较小、稳定性较好,但初始活性不高.HZSM-5分子筛的晶粒度对其催化活性与稳定性影响很大,纳米级HZSM-5分子筛因其晶粒度小、微孔短、孔口多以及位于孔口和外表面的酸中心数量多,其活性高、稳定性好,除具有芳构化性能外还有异构化性能,从而有效地降低了催化裂化汽油馏分的烯烃含量.     

FCC汽油叠合生产柴油的研究——(工)叠合催化剂的研制

采用中孔γ-Al_2O_3为载体,以非贵金属Ni为活性金属组分,以金属Sn为助剂组分,制备了FCC汽油叠合生产柴油的催化剂。在实验室小型连续流动式固定床装置上,以FCC汽油为原料,考察了主活性金属负载量、助催化剂、催化剂制备条件对催化剂性能的影响。研究结果表明,在活性金属Ni质量分数为8%,助催化剂Sn质量分数为1%,浸渍时间6h,焙烧温度500℃,焙烧时间4h的条件下,制备的叠合催化剂的催化性能最好。并对催化剂进行了1500h的稳定性试验和再生性能考察,结果表明该叠合催化剂具有良好的稳定性和再生性能。     

不同金属改性对ZSM-5分子筛催化正戊烷甲醇共芳构化反应性能的影响

通过浸渍法对ZSM-5分子筛进行改性,得到不同金属、不同负载量改性的分子筛,采用XRD和Py-IR方法对催化剂进行表征。在固定床微型反应装置上,系统探究了不同金属改性对ZSM-5分子筛催化正戊烷和甲醇共芳构化反应性能的影响。结果表明：Zn,Ag,Ni,Cu改性ZSM-5分子筛均能提高共芳构化反应的芳烃选择性,Ni、Ag改性ZSM-5分子筛表现出更优的芳构化效果,在最优金属负载量下,共芳构化反应中正戊烷和甲醇转化率保持在100%,芳烃选择性高达37.69%;Zn,Ag,Ni,Cu改性ZSM-5分子筛均有新的L酸位形成,B酸量减少,L酸量增加,促进了脱氢反应,反应过程中有更多的烯烃中间体转化为芳烃,提高了芳烃选择性;不同金属改性ZSM-5分子筛,产物芳烃组成中有不同组分含量的提高。     

载体组成对Ni-Mo/硅铝沸石基FCC汽油加氢异构化与芳构化催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法分别制备了以氢型丝光沸石(HMOR)、Hβ和HZSM-5及其组合为载体的一元、二元及三元沸石基Ni-Mo催化剂，考察了载体组成对FCC汽油加氢异构化与芳构化改质反应性能的影响。结果表明．一元、二元沸石基Ni—Mo催化剂难以提供平衡的加氢异构化和芳构化活性，不能满足FCC汽油选择性加氢改质的要求；由适宜比例的三者组合得到的沸石基Ni-Mo催化剂的加氢异构化、芳构化活性及稳定性得到显著提高，可在降低FCC汽油烯烃含量的同时保持产品的辛烷值，这归功于不同沸石之间的酸性与孔结构的协同作用。吡啶吸附红外酸性测试表明，催化剂的加氢异构化和芳构化活性与酸类型及不同酸之间的平衡密切相关，与B酸相比，L酸更有利于提高加氢异构化活性，L酸与B酸之适宜比例对于改善催化剂的芳构化活性及稳定性至关重要。     

不同金属改性对ZSM-5分子筛催化正戊烷和甲醇共芳构化反应性能的影响

通过浸渍法对ZSM-5分子筛进行改性,得到不同金属、不同负载量改性的分子筛,采用XRD和Py-IR方法对催化剂进行表征。在固定床微型反应装置上,系统探究了不同金属改性对ZSM-5分子筛催化正戊烷和甲醇共芳构化反应性能的影响。结果表明:Zn,Ag,Ni,Cu改性ZSM-5分子筛均能提高共芳构化反应的芳烃选择性,Ni、Ag改性ZSM-5分子筛表现出更优的芳构化效果,在最优金属负载量下,共芳构化反应中正戊烷和甲醇转化率保持在100%,芳烃选择性高达37.69%;Zn,Ag,Ni,Cu改性ZSM-5分子筛均有新的L酸位形成,B酸量减少,L酸量增加,促进了脱氢反应,反应过程中有更多的烯烃中间体转化为芳烃,提高了芳烃选择性;在不同金属改性ZSM-5分子筛作用下,产物芳烃组成中有不同组分含量的提高。     

Effects of Reaction Condition on the Secondary Aromatization Reaction of Lanlian FCC Gasoline Products

By using Lanlian catalytic gasoline aromatization production as a feedstock, the effects of reaction conditions on the aromatization product yield, conversion, motor octane number (MON), research octane number (RON), and solvent product compound were researched in a confined fluidized bed reactor. The experimental results show that the changeable trend of secondary aromatization yield of Lanlian FCC gasoline are the same with FCC gasolines under the operation condition. Although the aromatics contents of FCC gasoline after the secondary aromatization are about 5%, MON value of production decreases and RON value of production remain no change and coke yield contents are very high. These show that the qualities of secondary aromatization of FCC gasoline are very poor.     

Reaction Processing of Fraction of Yanhua FCC Gasoline

By using fraction of Yanhua FCC gasoline as a feedstock, the effects of reaction temperature, weight hour space velocity, feedstock performance on yields of liquefied petroleum gas production, and aromatics and propylene are researched in a confined fluidized bed reactor. Aromatization index (AI) and competent parameter (CP) are first proposed to study the mechanistic pathways of aromatization reaction of fraction of Yanhua FCC gasoline. The experimental result shows AI values of FCC gasoline decrease with the increase of the reaction temperature under the same catalyst; CP values and the aromatization reaction function for the same catalyst increase with the increase of the reaction temperature. The isomerization reaction for fraction of Yanhua FCC gasoline has more advantage than that of the aromatization reaction.     

Investigation of ZSM-5/MCM-41 Composite Molecular Sieve for Reducing Olefin Content of FCC Gasoline

ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve was prepared by the nano-assembling method.The ZSM-5 molecular sieve,the MCM-41 molecular sieve,the ZSM-5/MCM-41 mechanical mixture and the ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry,N2 adsorption isotherms,temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and scanning electron microscopy and their properties were analyzed.Using FCC gasoline as the feed,activities of different molecular sieves for reducing olefin content were investigated in a continuous high-pressure micro-reactor unit under the following conditions:a reaction temperature of 400℃,a reaction time of 2 h,a weight hourly space velocity of 3 h-1,and a reaction pressure of 2.0 MPa.The results showed that the HMCM-41 molecular sieve had low reaction performance,and the HZSM-5 molecular sieve demonstrated high aromatization activity,while the ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve exhibited a best olefin-reducing performance because of its high isomerization activity and moderate aromatization activity.With a largest olefin-reducing capability and a reasonable distribution of products,the composite molecular sieve was more suitable for FCC gasoline upgrading compared to other three catalysts.     

Olefin Reduction of FCC Naphtha Using β-zeolite Catalyst in the Absence of Hydrogen

In order to fulfill the requirement of environmental protection, experimentation of reducing FCC gasoline olefin content and optimization of the process operating conditions were studied in a small fixed vector. Under the action of a macroporous molecular sieve catalyst, which consists of active composition of Ni and Mo metal in β-zeolite supporter, when the reaction temperature was 140°C, reaction pressure was 2.0 MPa, and space velocity was 1.0 h^-1-2.0 h^-1, aromatization reactions, isomerization reactions, and hydrogen transfer reactions happened, so that the olefin, benzene, and arene in product gasoline were no more than 35%, 2.5%, and 40%, respectively. The octane number of petroleum is slightly increased. And it overcomes the disadvantage of losing octane by hydrogenation process. The catalyst could be regenerated using a multi-cycle with an average running cycle of about 96 hr. The results show that the process reaction condition is relaxation, process is non-hydrogenation, process flow is simple, technical and economic target is advanced, benefit is high, and cost is low.     

FCC废催化剂的改性及其对重金属离子的吸附性能

 采用酸洗的方法改性FCC废催化剂。采用XRD、BET手段表征改性前后FCC废催化剂的结构和比表面积,并测试了改性FCC废催化剂对重金属离子的吸附性能。结果表明,改性的FCC废催化剂比表面积和孔体积都有增加,中、大孔孔体积增加更多;对重金属离子均具有较强的吸附作用,对Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+吸附作用的强弱依次为Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+。在实验基础上,确定了改性FCC废催化剂吸附重金属离子较理想的条件,它们是温度25℃、固/液质量比1/500、pH＝5.0、吸附时间6 h。 在此条件下,改性的FCC废催化剂对Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+的吸附量分别为26.36、24.43和17.24 mg/g。     

裂化催化剂的设计对清洁汽油生产的影响

根据FCC过程生产清洁汽油对催化剂的要求,从催化剂基质、分子筛平衡晶胞、沸石与基质的表面积之比（Z/M）、新功能组元的引入及其作用等方面提出了裂化催化剂的设计思路,并通过重油小型固定流化床反应进行验证.小试结果表明,有一定酸性的大孔基质材料起到很好的传质、传热作用,有助于提高催化剂活性中心的利用率;较大的平衡晶胞有利于双分子反应,改进汽油质量;较高的Z/M可以明显改善汽油的族组成;新功能组元增强了催化剂催化选择性氢转移反应和芳构化反应的能力.与常规裂化催化剂相比,设计的催化剂在焦炭选择性、重油裂化能力、汽油质量方面都有明显改善.     

Olefin Reduction of FCC Naphtha Using β-zeolite Catalyst in the Absence of Hydrogen

Abstract

In order to fulfill the requirement of environmental protection, experimentation of reducing FCC gasoline olefin content and optimization of the process operating conditions were studied in a small fixed vector. Under the action of a macroporous molecular sieve catalyst, which consists of active composition of Ni and Mo metal in β-zeolite supporter, when the reaction temperature was 140°C, reaction pressure was 2.0 MPa, and space velocity was 1.0 h^?1–2.0 h^?1, aromatization reactions, isomerization reactions, and hydrogen transfer reactions happened, so that the olefin, benzene, and arene in product gasoline were no more than 35%, 2.5%, and 40%, respectively. The octane number of petroleum is slightly increased. And it overcomes the disadvantage of losing octane by hydrogenation process. The catalyst could be regenerated using a multi-cycle with an average running cycle of about 96 hr. The results show that the process reaction condition is relaxation, process is non-hydrogenation, process flow is simple, technical and economic target is advanced, benefit is high, and cost is low.     

全馏分催化裂化汽油芳构化改质的研究

采用浸渍法制备了ZnNi/ZSM-5催化剂,其中Zn、Ni的含量分别为2％和0．4％,以燕山石化公司全馏分催化裂化汽油为原料,在小型固定流化床上进行了芳构化改质的研究。实验结果表明:浸渍顺序对催化剂性能有明显的影响,经过磷改性后的催化剂具有较好的芳构化性能。在反应温度为470℃,空速为2．0h-1,剂油比为3．0,水油比为0．1的最佳反应条件下,催化裂化汽油经芳构化反应后,烯烃含量由57．24％下降至22．11％,而其芳烃含量则由10．85％增加到43．87％,烯烃含量符合GB17930- 1999的标准,而芳烃含量略大于其标准,可分离出来作为化工原料或直接作为调合汽油成分。     

Catalytic activity in the hydrocarbon conversion of systems containing platinum,nickel, iron,and zinc nanoparticles (communication 2)

The catalytic activity of metal-containing zeolites modified by nanosized Pt, Ni, Fe, and Zn powders was studied in the process of upgrading the petroleum straight-run gasoline fractions. It was found that the introduction of metal nanoparticles into the zeolite increases the catalyst activity and allows the desired product to be obtained at a lower processing temperature. An enhancement of the aromatization reactions of the hydrocarbon feedstock was revealed on the catalyst samples deactivated in the first reaction cycle and calcined in air.