论绿道在中国的社会意义及发展策略

绿道在中国的发展源远流长,源予西周时的“周道”,对中国城市建设起到重要作用。近年来珠三角、长三角地区在城市绿道、省内绿道及区域绿道三个不同层面的绿道建设实践成果明娃。审视了绿道的社会意义,通过对绿道建设带来的社会价值观、生活观、幸福感和安全感转变的研究,从而提出了绿道在中国的7大发展策略：文化为基础、生态为条件、人性为根本、总体布线、多点启动、并网贯通、立法保护。     

Greenways for recreation and maintenance of landscape quality: five case studies in Portugal

The use of the concept of greenway can be identified in Portugal throughout the 20th century as a planning and design tool. Several examples, such as the ‘Improvement Plans for Lisbon’ by Ressano Garcia (1901), the continuum naturale concept [Cabral, F.C., 1980. O Continuum Naturale e a Conservação da Natureza. Conservação da Natureza. Serviço de Estudos do Ambiente, Lisbon; Andresen, T., 2001. Francisco Caldeira Cabral. Landscape Design Trust, Surrey, UK, 213 pp.], the Green Plan for Lisbon [Telles, G.R., et al., 1997. Plano Verde de Lisboa. Ed. Colibri, Lisboa, 197 pp.], deal with the subjects of implementing vegetation corridors, pedestrian networks and landscape quality. These examples establish Portuguese planning and design tradition within the international greenway movement first identified by Fabos [Fabos, J.Gy., 1991. From Park to Greenways into the 21st Century. In: Proceedings from Selected Educational Sessions, ASLA Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri]. Though several projects have been developed at the planning level, there is a need to analyze the applicability of such a concept at the regional, municipal and local level. We must consider the characteristics of Portugal's cultural landscape, recognition by other professions dealing with planning and involvement by politicians. By analyzing five case studies, this paper shows the significance of the greenway as a planning and design strategy, which coincides, with the current objectives of political and planning authorities at the municipal level. It also proves that it is possible to reconcile political objectives and urban development while safeguarding landscape quality and providing new opportunities for public recreation and education. Greenway planning and design is now undoubtedly a subject of growing significance in Portugal.     

绿道在广东的兴起和创新

通过对绿道发展历史的研究,可以看出绿道内涵的拓展和功能的多样性对其蓬勃发展的重要性。对广东绿道兴起原因的深入分析,揭示出广东绿道具有“多目标,多功能和多样性”的三个特点。这三个特点使得广东绿道的功能和形式都多姿多彩,从而受到社会各界的欢迎。最后,文章通过对绿道给城市发展理念,宜居建设和生态保护带来的变化来分析绿道创新对广东城市发展的重要意义。     

上海市绿道网络规划研究初探

绿道是一种具有生态、娱乐、文化、审美等多种功能,可持续发展的绿色线性开敞公共活动空间网络。结合城市发展目标,本文研究了上海市绿道的功能定位,以游憩、交通、生态等功能为主,兼具文化保护功能。绿道网络规划思路依据分区特点采用差异化规划策略,以资源布局为引导要素进行路径识别,利用“反规划”途径选择绿道线路。根据功能定位、资源布局特点以及需求特征,绿道分为区域、市级、社区三级和生态型、滨水型、保护型和交通型4类,并且结合不同的分区特点,研究各分区内绿道适宜的网络模式。     

Greenways planning in Italy: the Lambro River Valley Greenways System

The greenways movement in Europe developed differently to its counterpart in the USA, influenced by geographical, economic and cultural differences as well as differences in social and urban development.Europe has seen a discontinuous and fragmented process, diversified in the various countries. The explosion of the greenway concept in Europe is a very recent phenomenon: the European Greenways Association and the Italian Greenways Association both date back only as far as 1998. Clearly, before this date the European countries did see a degree of activity both cultural and operational, but it is equally clear that there was a lack of commonality. Specifically, greenway planning in Italy while on the one hand work has been underway on green trails for many years, on the other there is a clear lack of methodology that allows for the planning of a broader network.This paper has two objectives; firstly to define a methodology useful for greenways planning in Italy at regional level, and secondly, to demonstrate the application of this methodology to a case study.The methodology adopted derives from an approach to planning inspired principally by the work of Ian McHarg and Julius Fabos and already applied by the authors to protected areas in Italy. The methodology is structured in four phases: analysis of the landscape resources, the existing green trail and historical route networks; assessment of each element; composite assessment; and definition of the Greenways Plan.A case study for the Lambro River Valley Park is used to illustrate the methodology proposed. The park comprises the municipalities situated along the Lambro River to the north of Milan. This is densely inhabited land and features multiple human activities located within a context conserving residual elements of naturalistic, landscape and historical–cultural interest. The application of the methodology to the Lambro River Valley Park allowed the development of a greenways network incorporating the existing network of green trails: 80% of the network is, in fact, already in place. The methodology also proved to be useful in the definition of a network dedicated to non-motorized traffic capable of connecting the numerous urban centres with the many resources present in the area.     

欧洲绿道建设的理论与实践

与北美相比,欧洲的绿道建设具有很多自身的特点。总结了欧洲绿道的理念缘起、内涵以及理论与实践的发展历程,着重分析了其绿道规划的生态稳定性原则。欧洲在大型的区域性绿道生态网络与中小型城市和社区层面的综合性绿道建设方面均有相当多的探索性实践,列出了欧洲主要的大型绿道网络项目的情况,而对于中小型综合性绿道,则以伦敦东南绿链为例作了重点介绍。最后对欧洲绿道的发展趋势作了展望。     

Greenways and the making of urban form

One aspect of greenways which is exciting popular interest in the US is the durability of nineteenth-century parkways and park systems to stitch together fragmenting cities and urbanizing areas. What the Olmsteds, Cleveland, Eliot and Kessler achieved in their regional open-space plans can be the model for a new version of Howard's ‘town/country’ in which greenways/ greenbelts/greenspaces together make a comprehensive ‘green’ infrastructure.Some of the literature and the highlights of historic greenway planning and design in the US are reviewed. Their adaptation to current projects is illustrated through a series of case studies of gradually increasing scale—villages, towns, cities and regions. Such common strategies as ‘green’ streets, parks and playgrounds structuring walkable neighborhoods, intra-neighborhood parkways connecting town/city districts, and regional park systems protecting natural areas for recreation/conservation still confer similar social, economic and environmental benefits. Whether Pedestrian Pockets or Co-housing, expanding historic settlements or preserving the countryside, planning new ‘urban villages’ or neo-traditional towns, greenways can be powerful makers and shapers of urban form at both macro- and micro-scales.     

基于绿道理念的合肥环城公园规划浅析

从绿道产生至今,其含义已从单纯意义上的林荫大道演变成多功能、多价值的绿地系统。而基于绿道理念的环城公园体系对于城市的持续健康发展有着更为深远的意义。本文首先对绿道及环城公园的相关理论研究进行归纳梳理,并选取伦敦绿链、珠三角绿道等具有代表性的国内外绿道实践案例进行分析,总结绿道理念对环城公园规划的影响,指出将绿道与环城公园进行有机结合的意义。通过对合肥环城公园实地调研,分析其中发展现状、优势景观资源以及存在的问题。最后,在绿道理念的指导下,提出合肥环城绿道改进和完善的可行性建议。     

论美国绿道规划经验：成功与失败，战略与创新

在规划绿道之前,设计师需要从优秀的规划师前辈学习成功经验并吸取失败的教训,并需要制定明确的策略、采取适宜的手法,思考联系人与绿色空间的创新方法。绿道通过演绎重要文化特征、保护和改善生态功能以及为社区居民提供休闲娱乐,来体现场所的本质。回顾早期绿道规划者的一些重要经验,概述绿道规划的4个关键策略原则,强调新荚格兰绿道网络规划中提出的多功能规划方法,着眼于一些在美圈逐渐发展成熟的创新型绿道。一个稳固的绿道是多用途的,使人愉悦并结合生态功能。     

绿色通道及其规划原则

绿色通道作为一个重要的概念,在保护生态学、城市规划及景观设计学等诸多领域广泛应用.明确了绿色通道的定义、分类、功能及其理论背景,从人-自然关系的视角回顾了绿色通道规划的发展历史,从尺度、目标、构成、网络结构及横向协调等5个方面对绿色通道的规划提出了比较详细的一般性指导原则,将生态、休闲、文化等诸多功能的要求都包含其中,反映了绿色通道研究的最新趋势.     

珠三角三级绿道网络规划构建实践

目前作为景观都市主义集大成者的珠三角绿道网已经实现全面贯通,初步完成了预期的首年任务.而在珠三角绿道网的理论和实践研究过程中,通过对珠三角绿道网生态容量的计算,发现只有进行珠三角三级绿道网络构建,实现城市和社区绿道网的合理规划布局、棕地再利用、不同功能组团转换,才能将珠三角绿道网的生态、社会和经济效益最大化.     

社区绿道：紧凑城市绿道建设新趋势

绿道在珠江三角洲的建没已近2年的时间,目前已初步形成了跨区域的绿道网络构架,在全国起到了良好的示范带动作用。在总结现有绿道建设特点和存在问题基础上,针对我国城市人口密集,公共活动空间缺乏的特点,结合社区绿道作为绿道网络体系的“毛细”组成。具有形式灵活、分布广泛、贴近市民生活,可有效解决高密度城市区域公共活动空间狭小、缺乏系统组织、城市交通拥堵等问题的优势,提出在紧凑城市建设社区绿道是绿道建设的新趋势,     

以提升生态功能为导向的城市绿道系统规划方法研究 ——以成都天府绿道为例

对绿道规划方法的研究已成为景 观生态学、城乡规划学以及风景园林学等多 个学科的研究热点。在现有对绿道规划研 究过程及成果中,重点聚焦于对绿道的历史 及发展、旅游及休憩功能以及绿道使用者行 为与需求的分析,对于绿道对城市生态功能 的影响关注较少。当前,在快速的城市化进程 中,过度的开发建设活动使得城市的生态本 底不断破碎化,进而导致城市的生态功能退 化严重;城市绿道是重塑城市生态本底,提升 城市生态功能的有效途径。本文以成都市为 例,运用景观格局指数、空间自相关分析的技 术方法,以城市发展导向变更的时间段为节 点,分别从2000年、2008年以及2016年对成 都市的生态本底进行定量分析。提出以提升 生态功能为导向的绿道规划方法,探索构建 同步提升城市美观与生态服务功能的规划路 径,其研究结论对于综合型、多目标、市域尺 度的绿道系统规划具有一定的指导意义。     

基于滨海乡村特征的绿道景观规划设计 以大亚湾绿道小桂湾段为例

大亚湾绿道连通了区域特色最鲜明、人文底蕴最浓厚和自然景观最美的地段,最大特点是沿海岸而行、山海相连,融自然景观和人文景观于一体。以大亚湾绿道小桂湾段景观规划设计为例,通过对其绿廊、慢行道、节点等方面的分析,阐述了将郊野型绿道的规划设计原则与场地的生态景观要素相结合的设计理念,以及凸显滨海乡村特征的绿道景观规划设计方法。     

珠江三角洲绿道网综合功能开发实践与思考

经过两年多的建设,总长度超过2000km的珠江三角洲绿道网巳实现金面建成,成为广东省实现区域协作、建没宜居城乡的重要物质载体。在对绿道网综合功能内涵进行深入理解的菸础上,结合珠三角综合利用现状的全面摸底,从生态保育、与市民生活相互依存、与城市发展紧密关联、借助广泛的公众参与等方面,探索多样化的绿道网综合功能开发实现方式,以期为今后绿道网工作的持续优化提供建议。     

找寻记忆的归宿——台儿庄马兰屯镇京杭运河绿道景观改造设计研究

城市的快速发展让人们逐渐模糊了对历史文化及自然环境的记忆,方案旨在改善台儿庄马兰屯镇京杭运河沿岸的自然环境质量,营造一个良好的自然景观和历史文化景观体验地,使运河景观改造设计具有本土性和地域性。在方案设计中,充分利用场地现有的景观资源、生态资源、人文资源:提出与台儿庄古城氛围相融洽,与传统的地域文化相结合,又体现时代精神的设计思路:整个方案表达出绿色生态休闲的主题,侧重运河文化与自然景观规划的系统性。     

论绿道规划原理与方法

在全球自然资源不断减少以及城市不断扩张的背景下,全球生态环境威胁日益增大,绿道作为一种具有重要景观生态学意义的、可以协调人与土地关系的规划手段,在近年来逐渐受到重视。理解绿道知识,对于风景园林设计师有重要的意义。本文是对国际绿道研究专家杰克·艾亨教授关于绿道规划思想的一篇总结,文章介绍了绿道的定义、本质以及绿道规划的几...     

中国绿道研究进展

绿道在中国古代有着悠久的实践传统。近些年从借鉴国外景观生态学方法对中国公园绿地系统建设进行反思开始,绿道建设已在珠江三角洲地区大规模推进,绿道理论研究与实践也已进入了一个新的时期。通过对中国绿道研究的综述,分析了国内绿道研究的起源和中国绿道研究的主要机构的研究特征,总结了国内外与绿道相关的概念的交叉情况、中国特色的绿道理念和中国城市绿地建设中的绿道思想,最后提出了我国绿道研究的空缺和后续研究的展望。     

美国马萨诸塞大学风景园林及绿脉规划的成就(1970-)

介绍了美国风景园林学科规划方面的情况,包括其起源、规划原则及其"METLAND"系统开发的风景评估方法;讨论了美国绿脉规划的发展,结合实例描述了美国绿脉规划的现状,并对美国近几年的绿脉规划作了一些重要的提议.     

The Evolution of Landscape and Greenway Planning in the USA at the University of Massachusetts——Amherst （1970 to date）

1 IntroductionFor Landscape PlanningThis paper describes the planning aspect of landscape architecture, inthe U nited S tates, as it has been practiced during the 20th century.W hen in contrast w ith "design", "planning" gives answ ers and solutionsto the three basic questions, nam ely: "W H A T" is an appropriate use ofa parcel of land; "W H Y" is a plan or solution m ore appropriate; andthirdly, it show s the place (s) of this location, that is, "W H ER E " thevarious land use decision…