仲辛醇与仲辛酮萃取苯酚稀溶液性能研究

为了给工业含酚废水处理提供萃取剂选择和过程设计的指导,以中性含氧类萃取剂仲辛醇、仲辛酮为溶剂进行了苯酚稀溶液萃取性能的实验研究,测定了不同水相pH值、苯酚初始质量浓度条件下2种溶剂的萃取平衡分配系数,并研究了混合溶剂的萃取性能以及盐效应对于萃取平衡的影响.结果表明:在酸性和中性条件下,仲辛醇和仲辛酮对苯酚均有良好的萃取...     

气化废水络合萃取脱酚影响因素的研究

实验室选用磷酸三丁酯—煤油为络合萃取剂,研究了不同TBP浓度、温度、p H、相比等条件下体系的萃取性能;再针对TBP—煤油对多元酚萃取效率低的情况,研究了不同稀释剂条件下体系的萃取性能;实验结果表明,TBP—煤油溶液可以有效脱除废水中的单元酚,但对多元酚萃取效率还有待提高;极性稀释剂比非极性稀释剂对多元酚的萃取效果好,且萃取率顺序为MIBK正辛醇苯煤油。     

有机丁二酸的络合萃取研究

研究采用Lewis碱类萃取剂甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)、正辛醇、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂对丁二酸稀溶液进行络合萃取,探讨了丁二酸的初始浓度、pH值和温度等对萃取的影响。随初始浓度增大,平衡分配系数D和萃取率E相应增大。当pH≤4时,D和E受pH影响不大;当4.0≤pH≤9.0时,随着pH增大,D下降,E明显降低;当pH≥9.0时,D趋于0,E只有10%左右,因此,在pH=1.0~4.0之间进行萃取,效果最佳。该萃取是一个放热过程,升高温度不利于萃取。     

不同pH值下酚类的络合萃取

络合萃取法分离极性有机物稀溶液具有高效性和高选择性。在已有工作基础上,利用三正辛胺(TDA)、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为络合剂,正辛醇、甲墓异丁基酮(MIBK)或煤油为稀释剂,在较宽的pH值条件下实验测定了酚类稀溶液的萃取相平衡分配系数;讨论了络合剂种类、络合剂浓度、稀释剂种类以及被萃取溶质种类对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响;提出了同时考虑络合萃取作用和物理萃取作用的平衡分配系数的表达式。     

络合萃取法处理含酚废水的研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)作萃取剂,正辛醇作稀释剂,络合萃取处理邻异丙氧苯酚(OP)废水中的酚,考察了p H、稀释剂配比、油/水相比和反应温度等对OP废水中挥发酚萃取效率的影响,并对酚进行了反萃取分离回收。实验结果表明:在p H=3、温度为30℃时,用含5%TBP的正辛醇萃取,萃取率达93%;再用10%的氢氧化钠溶液于45℃,按体积比1∶1反萃取,酚回收率达90%,B/C由0.10提高到0.35。     

三烷基氧磷络合萃取邻氨基苯酚的研究

络合萃取技术对极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性,然而对同时具有Lewis酸性和Lewis碱性两种官能团化合物的络合萃取研究得相对较少。为了探讨该技术对两性有机化合物萃取规律,今以三烷基氧磷（TRPO）为萃取剂,邻氨基苯酚为萃取溶质,研究了稀释剂种类、溶液pH值以及溶质浓度等因素对邻氨基苯酚稀溶液萃取平衡分配比的影响;根据可逆络合萃取的基本理论,提出了同时考虑萃取剂络合萃取作用和稀释剂物理萃取作用的分配比的表达式。并通过参数寻优求出邻氨基苯酚的物理萃取分配常数m和表观化学反应萃取平衡常数K。结果表明,邻氨基苯酚主要通过氢键缔合与OAP的中性分子发生络合反应而萃入有机相,其在惰性稀释剂煤油中的分配比大于其在极性稀释剂正辛醇中的分配比。     

撞击流反应器处理含苯酚废水的实验研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂,用撞击流反应器对模拟含苯酚废水进行了萃取除酚的研究。在相同条件下,与传统反应器相比,撞击流反应器单级萃取分配比可提高约20%。通过实验得到撞击流反应器适宜的操作条件,在此条件下除酚率在95%以上。     

萃取法处理含酚废水的工艺

以甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)为萃取剂,研究了3种含酚废水的萃取工艺,考察了萃取级数﹑萃取相比﹑萃取温度对萃取率的影响。结果表明,随萃取级数增大,3种含酚废水的萃取率均先迅速上升后基本保持恒定,萃取级数到5级时萃取率已基本稳定;随着萃取相比的减小,3种含酚废水的萃取率均在下降;随温度上升,3种含酚废水的萃取率基本呈下降趋势,温度对苯酚废水的萃取率影响不大,但对间苯二酚废水﹑苯酚-间苯二酚废水萃取率的影响较大。对于苯酚废水的最优萃取工艺条件为:萃取级数为6级,萃取相比为1∶3,萃取温度为40℃;对于间苯二酚废水的最优萃取工艺条件为:萃取级数为4级,萃取相比为1∶4,萃取温度为30℃。     

络合萃取法对煤制气高浓度含酚废水的资源化处理

用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂和煤油为稀释剂,对煤制气过程中产生的高浓度含酚废水进行了络合萃取处理,并用氢氧化钠溶液为反萃取剂对负载有机相进行了反萃取。分别研究了废水pH、TBP体积分数对萃取及氢氧化钠溶液浓度对反萃取的影响,并对萃取和反萃取过程中有机相的重复使用问题进行了探讨。结果表明,当废水的pH为3～6时,萃取率可达90%以上,CODCr去除率达到80%以上;当氢氧化钠质量分数为4%～10%时,反萃取率可达80%以上;TBP-煤油有机相可在萃取和反萃的过程中多次重复使用。     

磷酸三丁酯络合萃取丁酸的研究

用络合萃取法分离极性有机稀溶液 ,具有高效性和高选择性。利用磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)为络合剂 ,分别采用甲苯、异丙基甲酮、正辛醇、煤油作为稀释剂萃取丁酸稀溶液 ,系统研究了不同稀释剂对络合萃取平衡的影响 ,最终从效能、毒性、价格等综合因素考虑 ,选用正辛醇作为稀释剂 ;分析了络合剂浓度、丁酸溶液初始浓度、溶液 pH值以及温度对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响 ;利用红外光谱测定了负载有机相中萃合物的结构 ;并进行了有机溶剂的再生研究     

预分散溶剂萃取平衡与传质特性

预分散溶剂萃取(predispersed solvent extraction,简称PDSE）是一种新型的液-液萃取方法.该过程首先将溶剂制成胶质液体泡沫(colloidal liquid aphron ,简称CLA),同时借助胶质气体泡沫(colloidal gas aphron,简称CGA)实现溶质的分离.本文以磷酸三丁酯（TBP）-煤油为溶剂,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）为水相表面活性剂,以TWEEN 80为油相表面活性剂制备了胶质液体泡沫（CLA）. 用十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（HTAB）为水相表面活性剂制备了胶质气体泡沫（CGA）. 利用半间歇式PDSE过程萃取苯酚溶液.研究了pH值、表面活性剂浓度、相比等对萃取率和平衡分配系数的影响.实验发现,PDSE过程更适用于小相比（油相∶水相为1∶1000或更小）和极稀溶液的萃取.实验还发现, PDSE过程的萃取率随着CLA中TBP浓度的增加而增加, 随相比的增加而提高.利用刚性球模型计算了CLA的传质系数,并与传统的液滴进行了比较.在相同的粒径下,CLA比传统的液滴具有更高的分散相总传质系数;与传统萃取塔中存在的液滴相比,CLA也具有一定的优势.此外,对于两者K_da的比较,更体现了CLA的优越性.     

稀释剂对三烷基氧膦萃取草酸的影响

In liquid-liquid solvent extraction processes, diluents have a strong influence on the extraction mechanism and efficiency. In this study, benzene, cyclohexane, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), butyl acetate, and 1-octanol were used as diluents in the extraction of oxalic acid by trialkylphos-phine oxide (TRPO). The effects of extractant concentration, initial concentration of oxalic acid and diluent type on the extraction equilibrium partition coefficient are analyzed. The sequence of the extraction ability by different diluents is MIBK > butyl acetate > cyclohexane=benzene > carbon tetrachloride > 1-octanol > trichloromethane. Extraction mechanism was analyzed and extraction model parameters were evaluated.     

预分散溶剂萃取分离苯酚溶液的研究

Predispersed solvent extraction (PDSE) is a new method for separating solutes from aqueous solution by solvent extraction and one which has shown promise for extraction from extremely dilute solution very efficient and very quick. The use of colloidal liquid aphrons in predispersed solvent extraction may ameliorate the problems such as emulsion formation, reduction of interracial mass transfer and low interfacial mass transfer areas in solvent extraction process. In present paper, colloidal liquid aphrons are successfully generated using kerosene as a solvent,tributyl phosphate(TBP) as an extractant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphate(SDBS) as surfactant in aqueous phase and Tween-80 in oil phase. Extraction of phenol from dilute solution was studied by using colloidal liquid aphrons and colloidal gas aphrons in a semi-batch extraction column. It has been found that the PDSE process is more suitable for extraction of dilute solutions. It has also been discovered that the PDSE process has a great advantage over traditional single-stage extraction process.     

磷酸三丁酯/煤油支撑液膜体系中苯酚的传质分离

研究了苯酚在以多孔聚丙烯平板膜(Celgard2500)为支撑体、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为膜载体和煤油为膜溶剂的支撑液膜体系中的传质过程;用传统萃取法测定了TBP/煤油体系中苯酚络合物摩尔比为1∶1,同时得到25.0℃萃取平衡常数为96.72;考察了原料相pH值、初始质量浓度、膜二侧转速、载体浓度和反萃取相碱浓度对苯酚传质的影响,确定了该体系分离苯酚的最佳条件:原料相pH<9,苯酚初始质量浓度<1 000 mg/L,膜二侧转速>300 r/m in,载体浓度为0.55 mol/L,反萃取相碱浓度0.10 mol/L;根据双膜理论提出苯酚的传质动力学方程,采用直线斜率法计算了苯酚在TBP/煤油支撑液膜体系中的扩散层厚度和膜内扩散系数,计算结果表明动力学方程计算值能较好地与实验值吻合,平均相对误差在2%以内。     

TBP, MIBK/FeCl3与Li形成萃合物组成的研究（英文）

To study the characteristic of liquid-liquid extraction equilibrium of lithium from brine sources,the complexes formed from tributyl phosphate(TBP) and methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) with lithium were investi-gated using FeCl3 as coextracting agent.Liquid-liquid extraction reaction mechanisms were proposed and the stoichiometry of tetrachloroferrate(III) complex with lithium was obtained by regressing the experimental data.It is found that the stoichiometry of tetrachloroferrate(III) to lithium in the complex is 1︰1 with either TBP or MIBK as extractant in kerosene.The stoichiometry of the complex of TBP with Li was 1︰1 and that of MIBK with Li was 2︰1.The formed complexes of TBP and MIBK with lithium are determined to be LiFeCl4?TBP and LiFeCl4?2MIBK,respectively,according to the rule of neutralization.     

EXTRACTION EQUILIBRIUM OF PHENOL BY SULFURIC ACID SALTS OF TRIOCTYLAMINE

An investigation was undertaken involving the extraction equilibrium of phenol from an aqueous solution using trioctylamine sulfate salt (TOA salt)/trioctylamine (TOA) as the extractant. The purpose of using trioctylamine as the organic solvent is to increase the total capability of phenol extraction as well as to avoid the use of other organic solvents. In order to prevent the formation of a second phase from the reaction of trioctylamine and sulfuric acid, 1-octanol in an appropriate amount was added to make the organic solution homogeneous. Equilibrium distribution coefficients (K_d) in the extraction of phenol by TOA salt/TOA were measured for various operating conditions. The equilibrium distribution coefficient of phenol (K_d) between two phases decreased with increasing the initial concentration of phenol, thereby decreasing the initial concentration of sulfuric acid, and subsequently increasing the volume ratio of aqueous phase to organic phase. We recommended that the extraction is carried out at low temperature. A higher value of K_d up to 800 was obtained in using trioctylamine sulfate/trioctylamine as the extractant for equal volume ratio of aqueous phase to organic phase.     

Extraction Equilibria of Trimellitic and [ 1,1′-Biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarboxylic Acid with 1-Octanol, 50%TBP,and 10%TRPO in Kerosene

To explore the feasibility of extracting aromatic acid products from oxidizing coal, two aromatic acids, trimellitic and [1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid, were selected as the solutes, and the extraction equilibrium of the acids were studied with 1-octanol, 50% tributyl phosphate （TBP） in kerosene, and 10% trialkylphosphine oxide （TRPO） in kerosene. The results showed that the degree of extraction of [1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid was larger than that of trimellitic acid for all of the solvent, and the extraction capacity with TRPO is more effective than the one with TBP. The extraction behavior of aromatic polyacid is different from that of carboxylic acid, and the reactive extraction function of aromatic acids with TBP and TRPO is not as effective as that of carboxylic acid. 1-octanol could be used to remove [1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid from the mixture of trimellitic acid and [1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid. Because the weak hydrogen bond association exists between -OH in 1-octanol and -COOH in aromatic acid, the extractive selectivity of [ 1, 1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarboxylic to trimellitic acid depends on the stoichiometric ratio.     

三辛胺萃取马来酸(Ⅰ) 平衡特性

以三辛胺 (TOA)为萃取剂 ,正辛醇、甲基异丁基酮 (MIBK)、正己烷和氯仿为稀释剂开展了萃取平衡特性及负载溶剂红外光谱结构分析的实验研究 .结果表明 ,稀释剂对萃取的影响与马来酸和萃取剂的浓度有关 .对于 4种稀释剂体系 ,当平衡水相酸浓度较低时 ,萃取马来酸的次序为质子化稀释剂大于一般极性的稀释剂 ;反之 ,萃取马来酸的次序为 :MIBK >正辛醇 >正己烷 >氯仿 .TOA在平衡水相酸浓度较低时能提供较大的萃取分配系数 ,萃取剂化学计量饱和后存在“过载”现象 ,大小次序为MIBK >正辛醇 >正己烷 >氯仿 .负载溶剂的红外光谱分析表明 ,马来酸作为二元有机酸 ,与TOA只存在一盐的萃合物形式 ,有机相中不存在马来酸的聚集体 ,可以认为只有 1∶1型酸胺萃合物