重离子治癌加速器高速实时数据传输系统研制

分析了重离子治癌专用加速器对部分同步数据和过程数据的传输要求,提出并实现了一种高速率、可纠错、远距离的实时数据传输系统,以提高加速器同步和控制的效率和可靠性。系统优化了传统系统的硬件配置和布局。采用PXI、FPGA、SDRAM与远距离千兆光纤模块相结合的系统构架,替代了原数据传输过程中低速、近距离、抗干扰性不强的数据通路和处理器件。软件上,通过对两片FPGA的编程,在系统后端实现了PXI接口和DMA相结合的方式与加速器服务器进行数据交互;在系统前端实现了800 MHz载波100 MHz基带信号的实时、远程、高速串行帧传输。通过该数据传输系统,保证新加速器系统的同步事例、电源波形等实时数据在服务器和远端控制器之间的高效传输。     

FPGA技术在核电厂多样性驱动系统中的应用

AP1000核电厂多样性驱动系统（DAS）为保护系统的后备。本文研究了DAS的功能和结构、可编程门阵列（FPGA ）技术的基本结构以及FPGA在DAS自动驱动平台中的应用。结果表明，FPGA技术根据其结构和电路的自身特点，具备多样性能力强、复杂程度低、稳定性高、响应时间短和安全性高等优点，能满足核电厂保护功能的多样性驱动，并满足相关法规标准对DAS的基本功能要求。     

FPGA技术在核电厂保护系统中的应用

核电厂反应堆保护系统广泛采用CPU技术进行开发,使得保护系统中包含操作系统和应用软件等中间环节,增加了其出现共模故障的概率,降低了其可靠性和安全陛.通过比较FPGA（现场可编程逻辑门阵列）技术与CPU技术的差异,阐明采用FPGA技术开发保护系统的优势.在此基础上,提出了基于FPGA的反应堆保护系统的开发流程,总结了测试和验证过程中的注意事项,对新一代保护系统的设计及应用具有重要的参考价值.     

复杂可编程逻辑器件在工业CT系统中的应用

介绍了复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)在大型工业CT系统中的应用,给出了扫描控制系统中的同步触发模块的结构设计与实现,并且给出了设计电路原理图以及仿真结果。工业CT系统的调试过程和实验结果验证：应用在系统的可编程逻辑器件,不但降低了系统和电路的复杂度,同时方便了测试和调试,大大增加了整个系统的灵活性和缩短了实验时间。     

一种辐射加固优化的核探测机器人控制系统设计

研究了一种核探测机器人控制系统设计方案。该方案在辐射加固方面进行了优化,重点描述了电路的耐辐射设计。     

FPGA在CSR主环电源控制系统中的应用

论文介绍了基于DSP和FPGA主环电源控制系统的设计.DSP与DAC之间通过FPGA连接,并通过FPGA来控制DAC的输出.重点介绍FPGA的程序设计及其仿真结果.系统达到了设计要求,已成功应用于CSR主环控制系统.     

应用于同步加速器时序控制的片上可编程系统的设计

同步加速器对控制信号的时闻约束要求非常严格,时序控制是加速器控制系统中十分重要的环节.在兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)控制系统中,时序控制主要采用FPGA+ARM+linux+DSP的体系结构.本文介绍基于FPGA和uClinux操作系统的片上可编程系统(SOPC)的设计,可将目前ARM+LINUX的工作完全集成在FPGA内实现,省去专用ARM芯片.其最高工作频率可达185 MHz,硬件资源消耗不到4%.片上可编程系统的硬件处理器系统和操作系统都可根据具体需求重新裁剪和配置.SOPC技术在加速器物理以及其他领域有着非常广泛的应用前景.     

单片计算机系统的设计及在流量控制仪表中的应用

随着微电子技术的迅猛发展，单片机技术以其集成度高、功能强、速度快、体积小、使用灵活、价格低廉等优点，逐步取代通用微处理器在该领域的统治地位，已成为一个独特而又重要的分支。我们采用单片机技术开发出一系列应用面广、精度高的智能化仪表。本文以智能流量控制仪(第二代)的研制开发事例，对单片机仪表的开发设计进行初步的探讨。     

用于回旋加速器低电平系统的通用软硬件系统设计与实现

针对回旋加速器射频系统幅度、相位、频率、自动启动逻辑、联锁保护、在线参数修改等控制需求,设计了一种用于回旋加速器低电平系统的软硬件系统。该系统的硬件基于ZYNQ系列FPGA和高速ADC及DAC。采用数字下变频技术实现了幅度、相位和调谐控制;采用数字电路实现了腔体打火的快速检测。幅度控制精度为0.015%,相位控制精度为0.04°。该系统充分发挥了数字低电平系统的全可编程优势,通过上位机修改参数即可适用于多种回旋加速器。     

FPGA在BESⅢ漂移室电荷测量中的应用

介绍了BESⅢ漂移室电荷测量插件的结构和设计思想，侧重介绍了如何用FPGA实现对PADC采样数据的预处理，包括数据的流水线缓存、动态地扣除台基、实时提取电荷量以及零数据压缩等功能的实现。     

上海EBIT动态控制电路设计

通过对上海EBIT装置离子注入引出系统的分析,采用FPGA为控制逻辑单元来设计EBIT装置的动态控制电路,实现了对EBIT装置中离子“注入-引出-电离”的动态控制。上海EBIT动态控制系统包括了基于FPGA的控制电路的设计和用户控制界面的设计。采用FPGA来设计EBIT动态控制系统,提高系统的控制速度和精度。     

八通道串行FADC的波形取样电路的初步设计

介绍了一种用于高能物理实验系统的串行的八通道FADC波形取样电路的设计考虑和工作过程.侧重介绍了波形采样原理,并使用FPGA完成串并转换和流水线缓冲存储.     

Management of complex data flows in the ASDEX Upgrade plasma control system

Establishing adequate technical and physical boundary conditions for a sustained nuclear fusion reaction is a challenging task. Phased feedback control and monitoring for heating, fuelling and magnetic shaping is mandatory, especially for fusion devices aiming at high performance plasmas. Technical and physical interrelations require close collaboration of many components in sequential as well as in parallel processing flows. Moreover, handling of asynchronous, off-normal events has become a key element of modern plasma performance optimisation and machine protection recipes.The manifoldness of plasma states and events, the variety of plant system operation states and the diversity in diagnostic data sampling rates can hardly be mastered with a rigid control scheme. Rather, an adaptive system topology in combination with sophisticated synchronisation and process scheduling mechanisms is suited for such an environment. Moreover, the system is subject to real-time control constraints: response times must be deterministic and adequately short.Therefore, the experimental tokamak device ASDEX Upgrade employs a discharge control system DCS, whose core has been designed to meet these requirements. In the paper we will compare the scheduling schemes for the parallelised realisation of a control workflow and show the advantage of a data-driven workflow over a managed workflow. The data-driven workflow as used in DCS is based on signals connecting process outputs and inputs. These are implemented as real-time streams of data samples. Consequently, real-time signal management forms the foundation of DCS. The paper explains the principal features such as tagged samples, signal groups, algorithmic blocks and processes as well as scheduling schemes which allow DCS control applications to be defined as self-contained modular building blocks glued together by a software framework.By virtue of this sound foundation, DCS is a mature but still evolving system for reliable, distributed control of an entire tokamak device coordinating and monitoring 20 diagnostic systems, 14 magnetic power supplies, 5 heating systems with a total power of more than 25 MW, 8 gas fuelling channels, a pellet injector and a killer gas gun.     

Physics of the conceptual design of the ITER plasma control system

The ITER plasma control system (PCS) will play a central role in enabling the experimental program to attempt to sustain DT plasmas with Q = 10 for several hundred seconds and also support research toward the development of steady-state operation in ITER. The PCS is now in the final phase of its conceptual design. The PCS relies on about 45 diagnostic systems to assess real-time plasma conditions and about 20 actuator systems for overall control of ITER plasmas. It will integrate algorithms required for active control of a wide range of plasma parameters with sophisticated event forecasting and handling functions, which will enable appropriate transitions to be implemented, in real-time, in response to plasma evolution or actuator constraints.In specifying the PCS conceptual design, it is essential to define requirements related to all phases of plasma operation, ranging from early (non-active) H/He plasmas through high fusion gain inductive plasmas to fully non-inductive steady-state operation, to ensure that the PCS control functionality and architecture will be capable of satisfying the demands of the ITER research plan. The scope of the control functionality required of the PCS includes plasma equilibrium and density control commonly utilized in existing experiments, control of the plasma heat exhaust, control of a range of MHD instabilities (including mitigation of disruptions), and aspects such as control of the non-inductive current and the current profile required to maintain stable plasmas in steady-state scenarios. Control areas are often strongly coupled and the integrated control of the plasma to reach and sustain high plasma performance must apply multiple control functions simultaneously with a limited number of actuators. A sophisticated shared actuator management system is being designed to prioritize the goals that need to be controlled or weigh the algorithms and actuators in real-time according to dynamic control needs. The underlying architecture will be event-based so that many possible plasma or plant system events or faults could trigger automatic changes in the control algorithms or operational scenario, depending on real-time operating limits and conditions.     

FPGA技术在脉冲中子源数据采集系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种基于FPGA、单片机及USB接口技术的脉冲中子源数据采集系统,并重点对FPGA的设计进行了阐述。     

Towards the conceptual design of the ITER real-time plasma control system

ITER will be the world's largest magnetic confinement tokamak fusion device and is currently under construction in southern France. The ITER Plasma Control System (PCS) is a fundamental component of the ITER Control, Data Access and Communication system (CODAC). It will control the evolution of all plasma parameters that are necessary to operate ITER throughout all phases of the discharge. The design and implementation of the PCS poses a number of unique challenges. The timescales of phenomena to be controlled spans three orders of magnitude, ranging from a few milliseconds to seconds. Novel control schemes, which have not been implemented at present-day machines need to be developed, and control schemes that are only done as demonstration experiments today will have to become routine. In addition, advances in computing technology and available physics models make the implementation of real-time or faster-than-real-time predictive calculations to forecast and subsequently to avoid disruptions or undesired plasma regimes feasible. This requires the PCS design to be adaptable in real-time to the results of these forecasting algorithms. A further novel feature is a sophisticated event handling system, which provides a means to deal with plasma related events (such as MHD instabilities or L-H transitions) or component failure. Finally, the schedule for design and implementation poses another challenge. The beginning of ITER operation will be in late 2020, but the conceptual design activity of the PCS has already commenced as required by the on-going development of diagnostics and actuators in the domestic agencies and the need for integration and testing. This activity is presently underway as a collaboration of international experts and the results will be published as a subsequent publication. In this paper, an overview about the main areas of intervention of the plasma control system will be given as well as a summary of the interfaces and the integration into ITER CODAC (networks, other applications, etc.). The limited amount of commissioning time foreseen for plasma control will make extensive testing and validation necessary. This should be done in an environment that is as close to the PCS version running the machine as possible. Furthermore, the integration with an Integrated Modeling Framework will lead to a versatile tool that can also be employed for pulse validation, control system development and testing as well as the development and validation of physics models. An overview of the requirements and possible structure of such an environment will also be presented.     

CSR外靶实验终端大型探测器读出电子学研制

兰州重离子加速器-冷却储存环外靶实验终端大型探测器中子墙和TOF墙分别共有504个和360个通道用于测量中子和带电粒子的飞行时间,需要高精度时间测量的读出电子学系统。研制的8通道读出电子学模块采用了前沿定时的时间测量方法、基于TOT技术的电荷测量方法和PXI总线平台,电子学测试结果显示时间测量精度好于25ps。     

EPICS在正负电子对撞机低温控制系统中的应用

以北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程(BEPCⅡI)中低温控制系统为例,介绍了在实验物理和工业控制系统(EPICS)构架下, 对不同体系结构的设备级控制进行整合的方法及应用软件的开发,使EPICS应用的优势在加速器的控制系统中得到充分的体现.