一种动态环境下移动机器人的路径规划方法

本文提出了在动态环境中，移动机器人的一种路径规划方法，适用于环境中存 在已知和未知、静止和运动障碍物的复杂情况．采用链接图法建立了机器人工作空间模型， 整个系统由全局路径规划器和局部路径规划器两部分组成．在全局路径规划器中，应用遗传 算法规划出初步全局优化路径．在局部路径规划器中，设计了三种基本行为：跟踪全局路径 的行为、避碰的行为和目标制导的行为，采用基于行为的方法进一步优化路径．其中，避碰 的行为是通过强化学习得到的．仿真和实验结果表明所提方法简便可行，能够满足移动 机器人导航的高实时性要求．     

移动机器人的混合式路径规划算法研究

针对移动机器人在两个相邻的子工作区域中易陷入局部死区陷阱的问题,提出慎思层与反应层相结合的混合式路径规划算法。首先,在慎思层采用栅格法为移动机器人规划出全局较优路径序列,并为反应层提供子目标点。然后,在反应层采用人工势场法或行为分解法实现慎思层规划的路径,并对环境中的障碍物进行避障。仿真结果表明,混合式路径规划算法具有良好的规划效果。基于栅格法与人工势场法的混合式路径规划以及基于栅格法与行为分解法的混合式路径规划都能使移动机器人高效地到达目标点,有效地实现避障。移动机器人路径规划解决方案对室内移动机器人的导航和避障具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于虚拟障碍物的移动机器人路径规划方法

针对城市道路环境,将全局路径规划方法和局部路径规划方法相结合,提出了基于虚拟障碍物的路径规划方法.该方法首先采用A*算法得到一条全局最优的车道路径,然后根据全局最优的路径生成虚拟障碍物,最后将虚拟障碍物与传感器探知的实际障碍物融合,采用改进的向量直方图方法进行局部路径规划.该方法不仅能够充分利用已知环境信息生成全局最优...     

基于改进的A*算法与动态窗口法的移动机器人路径规划

提出了一种改进的A^*算法与动态窗口法相结合的混合算法,以解决移动机器人在多目标复杂环境中的路径规划问题．首要,为了提升算法的运行效率,实现单次规划的路径可通过多个目标点,同时提升路径平滑处理的灵活性并满足移动机器人非完整约束条件,本文利用目标成本函数对所有目标进行优先级判定,进而利用改进的A^*算法规划一条经过多个目标点的最优路径,同时采用自适应圆弧优化算法与加权障碍物步长调节算法,有效地将路径长度缩短5%,转折角总度数降低26.62%．其次,为实现移动机器人在动态复杂环境中局部避障并追击动态目标点．提出将改进动态窗口算法与全局路径规划信息相结合的在线路径规划法,采用预瞄偏差角追踪法成功捕捉移动目标点,并提升了路径规划效率．最后,对所提方法进行仿真实验,结果表明该方法能够在复杂动态环境中更有效地实现路径规划．     

基于虚拟子目标点的移动机器入路径规划

传统的反应式路径规划算法有时会出现＂死锁现象＂,为此设计了一种基于虚拟子目标点的移动机器人路径规划算法。首先根据已知的环境信息生成一条连接初始点和目标点的全局路径,移动机器人在沿全局路径行走时通过传感器探测周围的实时环境信息并寻找障碍物的转弯处,然后在该障碍物的转弯处设置虚拟子目标点,根据虚拟子目标点构建局部路径,机器人沿着局部路径走到该子目标点并进入下一个路径规划循环。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

融合改进A*算法和Morphin算法的移动机器人动态路径规划

在动态未知环境下对机器人进行路径规划,传统A*算法可能出现碰撞或者路径规划失败问题。为了满足移动机器人全局路径规划最优和实时避障的需求,提出一种改进A*算法与Morphin搜索树算法相结合的动态路径规划方法。首先通过改进A*算法减少路径规划过程中关键节点的选取,在规划出一条全局较优路径的同时对路径平滑处理。然后基于移动机器人传感器采集的局部信息,利用Morphin搜索树算法对全局路径进行动态的局部规划,确保更好的全局路径的基础上,实时避开障碍物行驶到目标点。MATLAB仿真实验结果表明,提出的动态路径规划方法在时间和路径上得到提升,在优化全局路径规划的基础上修正局部路径,实现动态避障提高机器人达到目标点的效率。     

全局环境未知时机器人导航和避障的一种新方法

研究了全局环境未知情况下的移动机器人实时导航问题．将栅格法描述环境与基于滚动窗口的路径规划相结合，提出了一种新的移动机器人导航方法．将超声传感阵列探测到的环境信息以基于栅格的概率值进行表示，利用不确定性证据推理对其进行数据融合，得到机器人的局部环境信息；在此基础上，采用基于滚动窗口的方法进行机器人路径规划，实现机器人的实时导航．仿真与实验结果表明了该方法的有效性．     

利用机器人行为动力学与滚动窗口路径规划

针对存在静态障碍物的未知环境下移动机器人路径规划问题,提出运用行为动力学与滚动窗口相结合进行路径规划的方法。首先根据所获得的窗口（局部环境）信息,采用启发式函数进行局部子目标优化选择;然后将路径规划问题即导航行为分解为趋于目标行为和避障行为,并对这两种行为分别建立了行为状态和行为模式动力学模型;在此基础上,以窗口为单位,利用导航行为动力学模型进行在线自主路径规划;将一系列窗口中的规划轨迹按照连续性条件首尾相接,最终完成了一条全局规划任务。该方法原理简单,计算量小,规划路径光滑,具有较强的实际应用价值。通过计算机实例仿真验证了该方法的有效性和适应性。     

一种基于概率地图的移动机器人最优期望时间目标搜索

在基于概率地图的移动机器人目标搜索规划中,目标在工作环境中的存在概率通常被设置为服从离散均匀分布,进而采用路径长度指标优化搜索任务的全局路径.然而,真实工作空间中的概率分布绝大多数并不服从均匀分布,这将导致所获搜索策略并非预期的最短时间.对此,根据实际工作环境构建概率测算模型,并基于该模型构建概率地图,进而提出一种以预期最短时间为优化指标的机器人目标搜索路径规划方法.该方法采用分层规划模式,在上层拓扑地图中进行拓扑点序列规划,而在下层特征地图中进行拓扑点间局部路径规划.实验结果表明,该方法可以显著缩短移动机器人目标搜索的期望时间,更适用于目标不服从均匀分布的工作环境.     

基于模糊逻辑行为融合路径规划方法

采用基于模糊逻辑的路径规划方法,提出了一种在未知环境中基于模糊逻辑行为融合路径规划方法,设计了移动机器人路径规划方案,并介绍了该控制器的结构组成和设计过程.将模糊逻辑控制和行为控制相结合,构建了一个由避障行为、目标导向行为、模糊行为监督器组成的基于模糊逻辑行为控制的路径规划器.仿真研究和实验结果表明了避障方法的有效性和可行性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。