原始组织对半固态AZ91D镁合金重熔行为的影响

采用水淬法研究了具有5种不同凝固组织的AZ91D镁合金半固态熔化过程的行为.结果表明:增加冷却速率、预变形处理和晶粒细化有利于初始凝固组织中存在的非平衡组织的分散细化.原始组织中的非平衡共晶组织在加热过程中大部分扩散溶解而溶入基体中,剩余部分在加热过程中首先熔化;冷却速率越大或预变形处理以后的试样在熔化过程中更容易发生二次枝晶臂之间的合并.提出半固态熔化过程可分为成分均匀化、共晶熔化及部分初生相的熔化和球化完成3个阶段,不同熔化阶段的控制性因素不同.熔化后的半固态组织中固态颗粒的尺寸和形貌主要与初始组织的形貌、加热过程中非平衡组织的溶解速度及加热速度有关.     

Microstructural characteristics of near-liquidus cast AZ91D alloy during semi-solid die casting

Near-liquidus cast ingot was reheated to semi-solid firstly, and then a bracket of motor was prepared by die casting the semi-solid ingot into mould. The microstructural characteristics of AZ91D alloy in these processes were investigated. In the process of near-liquidus casting, primary α-Mg grains tend to be rosette-like because of the increase of plentiful quasi-solid atom clusters in molten alloy with the decrease of pouring temperature. These rosette-like α-Mg grains in ingots fabricated by near-liquidus casting are fused off and refined into near-globular structure owing to the solute diffusion mechanism and the minimum surface energy mechanism during reheating. After semi-solid die-casting, α-Mg grains, located in biscuit, impact and connect with each other; α-Mg grains, located in inner gate, congregate together; while α-Mg grains, located in component, distribute uniformly and become into globularity or strip. Because the inner gate limits the flowing of semi-solid slurry, and the pressure acted on the semi-solid slurry decreases gradually along the filling direction of semi-solid slurry in cavity, microstructural segregation of unmelted α-Mg grains appears along this direction. Shrinkage holes in casting are caused by two different reasons. For biscuit, the shrinkage holes are caused by the blocked access of feeding liquid to the shrinkage zone for the agglomerated unmelted α-Mg grains. For component, the shrinkage holes are caused by the lack of feeding of liquid alloy.     

半固态AZ91D镁合金压铸过程的数值模拟

采用机械搅拌方式研究了半固态AZ91D合金的流变特性,并根据实验数据,拟合出剪切速率为238s-1时,半固态AZ91D合金的固相体积分数和表观粘度之间的关系式。从流体力学的角度,采用数值技术对半固态AZ91D镁合金的压铸过程进行了研究。数值模拟结果表明,半固态浆料温度为550℃、模具温度为300℃、压铸速度为1m/s时,该文所设计的压铸件的压铸过程能很好地进行。同时,该研究工作能为分析压铸成形过程提供有益的信息。     

AZ91D薄板搅拌摩擦焊

实现了厚度为2.2 mm铸造镁合金AZ91D薄板的搅拌摩擦焊和钨极氩弧焊,分析了搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对焊接接头成形的影响和接头组织变化,考察了搅拌摩擦焊接头的力学性能.在搅拌头旋转速度为1 380 r/min时得到了比较理想的焊接接头,而1 960 r/min的转速过大.接头不同区域所受的机械力和热量不同,显微组织明显不同.搅拌区晶粒细小,显微硬度和强度都有所提高.搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能与热输入有关;与氩弧焊接头相比,搅拌摩擦焊接接头的性能更好.     

Thixotropic behavior of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy

The thixotropie behavior of semi-solid AZ91D slurry was studied through a Couette type viseometer.The results show that the apparent viscosity of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry increases after being isothermally held, but the apparent viscosity quickly falls down to a steady state value after being stirred again and it takes on a sharp shear-thinning behavior. With the same shearing rate and the rest time increasing, the steady apparent viscosity increases because of the agglomeration of the solid particles, and the time required for the slurry to reach the steady state also becomes longer. If the solid fraction increases, it takes longer time for the slurry to reach the steady apparent viscosity with the same shearing rate and the same rest time. If the solid fraction and the rest time are the same, but the shearing rate rises, it takes shorter time for the slurry to reach the steady apparent viscosity and the final steady apparent viscosity also decreases.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy by expendable pattern shell casting with different mechanical vibration amplitudes and pouring temperatures

To refine the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of AZ91 D alloy by expendable pattern shell casting(EPSC),the mechanical vibration method was applied in the solidification process of the alloy.The effects of amplitude and pouring temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 D magnesium alloy were studied.The results indicated that the mechanical vibration remarkably improved the sizes,morphologies and distributions of the primaryα-Mg phase andβ-Mg17 Al12 phase,and the densification and tensile properties of the AZ91 D alloy.With an increase in amplitude,the microstructures were gradually refined,resulting in a continuous increase in mechanical properties of the AZ91 D alloy.While,with the increase of pouring temperature,the microstructures were continuously coarsened,leading to an obvious decrease of the mechanical properties.The tensile strength and yield strength of the AZ91 D alloy with a vibration amplitude of 1.0 mm and a pouring temperature of 730℃were 60%and 38%higher than those of the alloy without vibration,respectively.     

AZ91D镁合金半固态触变成形的数值模拟

采用商业有限元软件DEFORM3DTM对半固态镁合金AZ91D的触变成形过程进行了数值模拟,并利用自制的模具,在加热到570℃保温不同时间的情况下,对AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料进行触变成形试验。通过模拟分析的结果与试验的实际结果进行对比,得出了最佳触变成形工艺参数,同时,在一定程度上验证了数值模拟分析结果的可靠性。     

Reheating microstructure of refined AZ91D magnesium alloy in semi-solid state

By means of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) test, upsetting test and metalloseope, reheating mierostruetures of raw casting ingots, materials prepared by SIMA and materials extruded by ECAE in semi-solid state were investigated. The results show that compared with those of raw casting ingots and materials prepared by SIMA, reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE is the best and the final grain size is the finest. With increasing holding time, a growing phenomenon occurs in reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE, which can be described by Ostwald ripening law. The average grain size increases firstly, subsequently decreases and the shape factor of grains approaches to 1 as the reheating temperature increases. With increasing equivalent strain, the average grain size decreases. This demonstrates that reheating material extruded by ECAE technology is a good method to prepare AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billets.     

Fretting wear behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy

The fretting behaviour of the AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated. The influence of the number of cycles, normal load （contact pressure） and the amplitude of slip on the fretting behavior of the material were focused. Fretting tests were performed under various running conditions with regard to normal load levels and slip amplitudes. The friction coefficient between the surfaces at the fretting junction was continuously recorded. The freeing damage on the magnesium specimens was studied by SEM. The resultS show that the wear volume increases with the increase of slip amplitude, and linearly increases with the increase of normal load in the mixed and gross slip regime, but the normal load has no obvious effect on the wear volume in the partial slip regime. The predominant fretting wear mechanism of magnesium alloy in the slip regime is the oxidation wear, delaminated wear and abrasive wear.     

AZ91D镁合金在含SO_2大气环境中的初期腐蚀行为

采用室内加速的方法,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段对AZ91D镁合金在含微量SO2工业污染环境中的初期腐蚀层形貌以及腐蚀产物进行了分析和研究。结果表明:SO2加速镁合金的腐蚀,随着SO2含量增加,镁的腐蚀速率加快。镁合金的初期腐蚀具有局部腐蚀的特征。腐蚀优先从α相基体开始,腐蚀初期在材料表面生成一层保护性的含有MgO和Mg(OH)2的薄膜。SO2降低了薄液层的pH值,增强溶解过程,促进可溶性MgSO3·6H2O和MgSO4·6H2O腐蚀产物的生成,使表面膜失去保护作用,加速镁合金的后期腐蚀。     

Improvement of corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy by gadolinium addition

Based on the previous investigation on beneficial introduction of holmium into magnesium alloy, the effect of gadolinium, an adjacent rare earth element, on corrosion resistance was examined. The corrosion behavior of two Mg-9Al-Gd alloys （Mg-9Al-0.45Gd and Mg-9Al-l.43Gd） was evaluated and compared with that of Mg-9Al alloy without Gd by means of specimen mass loss and hydrogen evolution in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with Mg（OH）2. The Gd-containing alloys exhibit enhanced corrosion resistance with respect to the plain Mg-9Al alloy. The microstructures of Mg-9Al alloy and Mg-9Al-0.45 Gd alloy were observed by electron probe microanalysis （EPMA） and energy dispersion spectroscopy （EDS）. The alloys with Gd addition show a microstructure characterized by a phase solid solution, surrounded by minor amount of β phase and more grain-like Gd-containing phase. To illustrate the involved mechanism their polarization curves were recorded. The electrochemical investigations reveal that Gd addition shifts the corrosion potential of the alloy towards active, as Gd containing phase is more active and hence less cathodic. As a result, the micro-galvanic corrosion is suppressed. Moreover corrosion product films formed on the Gd containing alloys are more compact and provide a better protective effectiveness than that on the alloy without Gd against corrosion. Repassivation measurements in mixture solution of 0.21 mol/L K2CrO4＋0.6 mol/L NaCI also verify the beneficial role of Gd addition. Based on the present preliminary analysis, both the deposited Gd-containing phases and corrosion product films are believed to be responsible for the improved corrosion behaviour due to Gd addition.     

AZ91D镁合金屑的固相再生(英文)

利用固相再生技术回收利用AZ91D镁合金屑,具体工艺为先冷压再热挤。结果表明:制备的AZ91D镁合金具有较好的力学性能且晶粒明显细化。在热挤出过程中发生了动态再结晶,且动态再结晶组织受到热挤温度和应变速率的影响,在300-350 °C下基面滑移和孪晶协调变形导致动态再结晶晶粒产生,形成"项链"组织;在 350-400 °C下位错的交滑移控制动态再结晶形核;高于400 °C时位错攀移控制了整个动态再结晶过程,形成均匀的再结晶组织。随着应变速率增加AZ91D镁合金力学性能增大,改善了材料的力学性能,但应变速率过大,制备试样表面出现裂纹,影响材料的力学性能。     

Hereditary transmission ofAZ91D magnesium alloy

The magnesium ingots from factory A, B and C were remelted. The microstructure and property of un-remelted and remelted magnesium ingots were investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure and property of the remelted magnesium alloy take on a hereditary transmission similar or resembling to those of feed materials. The characteristics of the short range order structure atomic group in alloy is the same as or resembles to that of feed materials during the melting process. The hereditary transmission of magnesium alloy can be explained by atomic conglobation theory.     

AZ91D镁合金高温压缩过程中的微观组织演变

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机对AZ91D镁合金在400℃、0．01s^-1的条件下进行不同压缩真应变量（1％、10％、60％、100％）的高温压缩实验，利用光学显微镜、透射电镜观察压缩变形过程中合金的显微组织演变。结果表明：在压缩变形的初始阶段，{101^-2}孪生是主要的变形机制，孪晶的尺寸较大；在随后的变形过程中孪晶发生破碎，尺寸变小；随着变形的进一步进行，孪晶之问相互交叉，在孪晶界及孪晶交叉畸变较大的区域成为再结晶的形核区。     

振动和合金化对消失模铸造AZ91D组织与性能的影响

振动凝固和Ce—Sb复合微合金化都能明显细化消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金的铸态组织。经振动凝固的铸态组织特征与原始铸态的相差不大，复合微合金化后的细化效果更显著，且经Ce—Sb复合微合金化处理后在α—Mg基体上出现大量弥散分布的颗粒状CeSb相，在晶内和晶界分布着少量的Al11Ce3针状相。两种处理工艺都能使消失模AZ91D试样的抗拉强度和伸长率得到较大幅度提高，其中经Ce—Sb复合微合金化后的常温力学性能提高最大，两种方法都没有使消失模AZ91D试样的断裂方式发生明显改变，但Ce—Sb复合微合金化后的合金铸态断口具有明显的塑性变形特征。     

Effect of cerium on ignition point of AZ91D magnesium alloy

The surface and interior temperature-time curves of blocky cerium modified AZ91D magnesium alloy were measured during a non-protective heating and melting process. Two inflection points with rapid increase in temperature were found on both curves, which corresponded to the formation of ＂aulifiower＂ oxide on the surface and the occurrence of flame during melting. These two temperatures are therefore defined as oxidation point and ignition point, respectively. The interior temperature-time curve is similar to that measured on the surface except for a comparable time delay. The oxidation and ignition temperatures increase with Ce content, an average increase of 33℃ and 61℃ was found when Ce addition was about 1.0 wt %. However, the increasing rate of the oxidation and ignition temperature decreases with increasing Ce content. An addition of 0.6wt% Ce is recommended for ignition-resistant AZ91 magnesium alloy.     

AZ91D镁合金表面激光重熔Al-Si-Cu涂层的性能

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备Al-Si-Cu合金涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了涂层的微观组织、显微硬度与摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,激光重熔后涂层组织致密均匀,涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层显微硬度约为基体的2.2倍,由于晶粒细化和硬质相的存在耐磨性较基体明显提高,重熔层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。     

Organic-magnesium complex conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

An organic-magnesium complex conversion (OMCC) coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy was obtained by treating in a solution containing organic compounds. SEM, FESEM and XPS were used to examine the surface morphology, thickness and structure of the conversion coatings. The results show that the continuous and uniform conversion coating is deposited on AZ91D alloy and the main component of the coatings is organic compound containing benzene ring, which forms a chemical bond with magnesium. The polarization measurement and salt spray test show that the corrosion resistance of the conversion coating is much higher than that of traditional chromate conversion coating.