Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded dissimilar DP600/DP980 dual-phase steel joints

The use of dual phase (DP) steels in the automobile industry unavoidably involves welding and dynamic loading. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the microstructural change and mechanical properties of laser welded dissimilar DP600/DP980 steel joints. The dissimilar joints showed a significant microstructural change from nearly full martensite in the fusion zone (FZ) to the unchanged ferrite-martensite dual-phase microstructure in the base metal. The welding resulted in a significant hardness increase in the FZ but the formation of a soft zone in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The dissimilar welded joints were observed to exhibit a distinctive unsymmetrical hardness profile, yield-point-like phenomenon, and single-stage work hardening characteristic, with yield strength and work hardening rate lying in-between those of DP600 and DP980 base metals, and ultimate tensile strength equivalent to that of DP600 base metal. Although the welded joints showed a lower fatigue limit than the base metals, the fatigue life of the welded joints at higher stress amplitudes was almost the same as that of the DP600 base metal. The welded joints failed in the soft zone at the DP600 side under tensile loading and fatigue loading at the higher stress amplitudes. Fatigue crack initiation occurred from the specimen surface and crack propagation was characterized by typical fatigue striation together with secondary cracks.     

Microstructure and deformation behaviour of laser welded dissimilar dual phase steel joints

The microstructure, microhardness, tensile properties, deformation and fracture behaviour of the Nd:YAG laser welded dissimilar joints between 780 and 980?MPa dual phase steels over a wide strain rate range were investigated. The welded joint shows hardening in fusion zone, supercritical and intercritical heat affected zones and softening in subcritical heat affected zones. For the dissimilar welded joint, the changing trend of the ductility is similar to those of the base metals with respect to the strain rate. The reason for the strain rate sensitivity of the failure location of the welded joint is that the major factor influencing the failure location changes from the content of ferrite to the content of ferrite/martensite interface with increasing strain rate.     

DP980激光焊接温度场模拟及力学性能研究

采用光纤激光焊接高强钢DP980,并对温度场分布进行有限元计算。结果表明焊缝中心热循环温度高达3204 ℃,迅速冷却后形成马氏体组织,硬度较母材提高30%,抗拉强度达到了1115.7 MPa,延伸率相对母材下降49.1%。回火区应力应变曲线存在明显的屈服平台,抗拉强度（850.7 MPa）明显低于母材（986.9 MPa）。焊接接头抗拉强度为母材的87.1%,延伸率为母材的32.7%。焊接接头拉伸试样和杯突试样均断于回火区。焊接接头的杯突值较母材下降32.58%,母材主应变值高于焊接接头。     

Modeling of temperature field and pool formation during linear laser welding of DP1000 steel

A rotary-Gauss body heat source was employed in the study to model the laser welding of DP1000 steel. The condition of heat dissipation during the welding has a significant effect on the temperature field as well as the shape and size of the laser weld. A series of welding experiments were performed, and good agreement was observed between the calculated weld dimensions and the experimental results. The microhardness values across the welded joint were measured to determine the range of the soft zone in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and simultaneously the temperature range experienced in this region. The results indicated that the soft zone significantly affects the mechanical performance of the welded joint. The width of the soft zone and its distance from the weld center increase with increasing laser power, while the width of the soft zone and its distance from the weld center decrease with increasing welding speed.     

TRIP980高强钢电阻点焊接头的组织及力学性能

采用电阻点焊对TRIP980高强钢进行焊接. 通过单因素法和焊后回火优化了焊接参数和工艺,研究了较优焊接参数和工艺时的接头熔核显微组织及力学性能,结果表明,优化参数为9.5 kA,22 cycle,3 kN,接头熔核为粗大的马氏体组织,接头硬度为617.1 HV,最大拉剪载荷为17.8 kN;在此基础上增加焊后回火,回火电流6.3 kA、回火时间13 cycle,接头组织显著细化,接头硬度降低至574 .0 HV,接头最大拉剪载荷提高到19.5 kN,增幅为9.6%,断口形式由原先的界面断裂转变为纽扣断裂.     

超高强度钢与镀锌双相钢电阻点焊接头强度试验

试验研究了超高强度硼钢板/镀锌双相钢板的电阻点焊接头质量缺陷及其产生原因,通过正交试验设计,重点讨论了焊接电流、通电时间和电极压力对点焊接头强度的影响.结果表明:超高强度硼钢板/镀锌双相钢点焊中超高强度钢板侧更易出现飞溅和烧穿问题,通电时间和焊接电流强度时点焊接头拉剪强度影响显著,这类钢板组合的焊接应优先采用大电流、短...     

激光焊接参数对汽车用双相镀锌钢DP780焊接接头性能的影响

通过实验研究了激光功率、焊接速度对零间隙激光焊接汽车用双相镀锌钢D P780焊接接头性能的影响。焊接速度恒定时,焊接接头固化时间随着激光功率的增加而增加,大量锌蒸汽通过液态金属及气孔逸出,熔池内部锌蒸汽减少,焊缝内部孔隙度水平下降、气孔本身变小,焊接接头性能增加;激光功率恒定、焊接速度不同时,随着焊接速度的增加,焊接接头固化时间减小,锌蒸汽通过液态金属及气孔逸出的难度增加,大量锌蒸汽停留在焊接接头内部,造成焊件表面和焊接接头内部孔隙度增加,由于气孔的存在,工件机械强度减少,焊接接头的焊接性能随之变差。     

板厚对不锈钢车体激光叠焊接头抗剪强度和疲劳强度的影响

为了研究板厚对不锈钢激光叠焊接头抗剪强度和疲劳强度的影响,该文针对0.8 mm +2 mm和2 mm +2 mm2种不同板厚搭配的不锈钢激光叠焊接头分别进行了拉伸试验和疲劳试验。结果表明,2 mm +2 mm接头的抗剪强度和疲劳强度均高于0.8 mm +2 mm接头。失效分析发现,2种接头的拉伸破坏由焊肉部位剪断引起的;2种接头的疲劳裂纹均萌生于2 mm未焊透板,裂纹起始位置在2个焊板之间靠近焊核附近未焊透板的热影响区,裂纹沿着焊核边缘向未焊透板外表面方向扩展,直至穿透未焊透板。对焊接接头部位的有限元受力分析可知,2种接头的应力集中程度的不同是造成它们抗剪强度和疲劳强度差异的主要原因。     

Formation of interfacial microstructure in a friction stir welded lap joint between aluminium alloy and stainless steel

The interfacial microstructure produced through tool transit of a friction stir welded lap joint between an aluminium alloy and stainless steel was studied by transmission electron microscopy in order to clarify its early stages of formation. Transmission electron microscopy studies of the bottom surface of the exit hole revealed the presence of several mixed layers of an ultrafine intermetallic compound (IMC) and stainless steel. The joining between dissimilar materials was achieved through a continuous flow of the stirred aluminium alloy into the mixed layers and the resultant growth of the ultrafine IMCs due to the heat induced by the friction between the tool and the specimen. The continuous thin reaction layer finally produced at the interface was found to be stronger than the base aluminium alloy.     

镀锌Q & P980钢电阻点焊接头液态金属脆裂纹的影响因素分析

新一代超高强Q&P淬火延性钢在具有高强度的同时具有较好的断后伸长率,在车身制造中具有广阔的应用前景.然而在对镀锌Q&P980钢进行电阻点焊试验后,在焊接接头中发现了表面裂纹,前期研究表明该表面裂纹是由液态金属脆化机制所引起的,即钢板在液态锌和应力的共同作用下发生的沿晶界开裂.结果表明,点焊中的工艺参数,包括焊接电流、焊接时间及电极压力、以及加工条件,包括电极端面形状、加压模式、电极对中度均会对接头中的液态金属脆裂纹产生不同程度的影响,因此可以通过调整工艺参数及加工条件来降低裂纹的敏感性.     

热处理工艺对45#钢激光焊接接头性能的影响

进行激光焊接接头的热处理实验,分析不同热处理工艺对45#钢激光焊接接头性能的影响。结果表明,45#钢激光焊接接头的最优热处理工艺为:热处理温度700℃、热处理时间10 min。在此热处理工艺下,45#钢激光焊接接头从焊缝中心到热影响区的组织过渡均匀,显微硬度显著降低且分布均匀,消除了焊接接头的软化区,提高了激光焊接接头的整体性能。     

A study of fiber laser welding of galvanized steel using a suction method

In this paper, we describe a method employing a suction device adapted to provide a negative pressure zone on the surface of the keyhole to allow the highly-pressurized zinc vapor to escape. The microstructure and properties of the lap joint were studied, and the distribution of zinc element in the joints was analyzed using synchrotron radiation X-ray. A high-speed video camera was used to record the dynamic behavior of the laser-induced plasma plume and the zinc vapor. Experimental results demonstrated that this suction method can not only facilitate venting of the high pressure zinc vapor from the molten pool and the keyhole, but also stabilizes the laser-induced plasma plume during the welding process. A lap joint with a good surface quality and excellent mechanical strength was obtained using this method.     

DP590镀锌双相钢CMT焊接接头显微组织及力学性能

针对汽车制造中薄板焊接质量问题及鉴于汽车行业对镀锌双相钢的大量需求,在弧长修正系数为0,送丝速度为3.0 m/min,焊接速度为400 mm/min的焊接工艺参数下,对1.0 mm厚的DP590镀锌双相钢进行了CMT搭接焊试验,并通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜与维氏硬度计等设备研究了焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能。试验结果表明,CMT焊接DP590镀锌钢能够得到成形良好的焊接接头。焊缝组织主要为板条马氏体,粗晶区由板条马氏体和少量铁素体组成,细晶区组织多为马氏体及少量贝氏体,不完全相变区中的铁素体含量增加,马氏体含量减少;焊接接头拉伸试验断裂位置在不完全相变区,属于塑性断裂,最大载荷为10.48 kN,与母材接近。焊缝平均硬度值最高,约为260 HV,不完全相变区显微硬度值最低,约为170 HV。该研究为DP590镀锌双相钢薄板CMT焊接提供工艺参考,对汽车轻量化生产制造具有重要的工程意义。 创新点： (1)针对汽车用钢薄板焊接的难点,提出具有低热输入焊接特点的CMT工艺。 (2)研究DP590镀锌双相钢CMT焊接接头显微组织及力学性能,研究结果可为工厂实际生产提供理论依据与数据支持。     

热输入对超高强钢DP1000激光焊接接头微观组织和断裂机制的影响

利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察超高强双相钢DP1000激光焊接接头微观组织的变化,通过显微硬度的测试、拉伸试验研究其不同热输入下焊接接头的力学性能.结果表明,随着热输入的增加,由回火区和两相区组成的软化区的组织发生了明显的变化,软化区内平均硬度值减小,其宽度尺寸增加,导致拉伸试样的断裂位置发生变化.当热输入不高于52 J/mm,焊接试样的抗拉强度是母材的97.75%,软化区宽度最大约为506 μm,断裂发生在母材上;当热输入达到72 J/mm,软化区宽度约为621 μm,断裂发生在软化区内.     

Similar and dissimilar resistance spot weldability of galvanised DP1000 and TWIP980 steels

Similar and dissimilar combinations of a 1000?MPa galvanised dual phase (DP) steel and a 980?MPa twining-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel were resistance spot welded under different welding parameters. The microstructure, expulsion situation, nugget size and mechanical properties of spot welds were evaluated systematically. The results showed that the differences of microstructure and chemical compositions caused that the weld nugget hardness increases in the order of TWIP/TWIP, DP/TWIP and DP/DP. The lower melting point and heat conductivity of the TWIP steel and the lower electric resistance of the zinc coat on the DP steel caused that the expulsion occurring current increased in the order of TWIP/TWIP, DP/TWIP and DP/DP and under the same welding condition the nugget diameter increased in the order of DP/DP, DP/TWIP and TWIP/TWIP. Furthermore, the tensile shear failure mode and location depends on the nugget size, microstructure and hardness distribution of spot weld.     

Numerical and experimental investigation on friction stir lap welding of aluminium to steel

Use of multimaterial fabrication such as aluminium to steel to reduce overall vehicular body weight has gained significant attention in the automotive industries. Since fusion welding of aluminium to steel is difficult, friction stir welding of the same is considered as an effective recourse. Quantitative studies on friction stir welding of aluminium to steel are thus important but scarce in the literature. We present here a numerical and experimental study on friction stir lap welding of AA6061 to high strength interstitial free coated steel sheets under different combinations of tool rotational speed and welding speed. The computed values of thermal cycle, torque and traverse force are found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimentally measured values. The computed thermal cycles along the AA6061 to steel interfaces are related qualitatively with the experimentally measured trend and distribution in Fe–Al intermetallics along the weld joint interface.     

奥氏体不锈钢丝激光焊接头的组织与力学性能

采用脉冲激光焊技术连接奥氏体不锈钢细丝.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜等分析测试手段,研究了不锈钢丝激光焊接头的微观组织特点及激光焊参数对接头组织与力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,焊缝金属由奥氏体胞状晶和胞状树枝晶构成,热影响区主要为等轴晶,且过热区晶粒明显粗化.随着激光脉冲能量和脉冲宽度的增加,焊缝熔透率及熔宽增加,焊缝及热影响区组织有粗化的趋势.小的脉冲宽度(2,3ms)对于保证不锈钢丝焊接质量的稳定性是不利的.激光焊接头抗拉强度最大值为680MPa(脉冲宽度10ms,脉冲能量7.6J),焊缝中心区是焊接接头最薄弱的部位.     

Microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum/copper lap joints

This paper focuses on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the friction stir welding (FSW) of 1060 aluminum alloy to a commercially pure copper. A number of FSW experiments were carried out to obtain the optimum mechanical properties by adjusting the rotational speed and welding speed in the range of 750–1500 rpm and 30–375 mm/min, respectively. Various microstructures with different morphologies and properties were observed in the stir zone. The results indicated that Al₄Cu₉, AlCu and Al₂Cu are the main intermetallic compounds formed in the interfacial region. The effect of formation of hard and brittle intermetallic phase at the interface of the joints on the shear strength of the joint is discussed.     

304不锈钢薄板激光焊搭接接头组织及性能

研究0.8 mm厚度304不锈钢薄板的搭接连续激光焊工艺,分析接头的显微组织和部分力学性能。与电阻缝焊接头进行比较,结果表明:激光焊成形良好,在适当的工艺规范下,激光焊和电阻缝焊的水压试验都可以达到8.0 MPa;激光焊的热影响区更窄并且焊缝中组织为奥氏体;较电阻缝焊焊缝呈更均匀、细小的柱状晶;两种焊接方法的拉伸剪切试验的断裂位置均位于母材。     

DP980高强钢连续退火后的组织与性能

研究了不同工艺参数对980 MPa级连续退火双相钢组织及力学性能的影响,利用光学显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)以及拉伸试验对双相钢的微观组织和力学性能进行测试及分析。结果表明:DP980钢的退火组织主要由铁素体、马氏体岛和少量的贝氏体组成,马氏体岛附近的位错密度较高。随着均热温度的升高,DP980钢的抗拉强度呈现先降低后升高的趋势,屈服强度与抗拉强度的趋势一致,伸长率先升高后降低。随着过时效温度的升高,DP980钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度降低,降低幅度较小,伸长率上升,但变化不明显,说明通过调整过时效温度来调控其力学性能的作用较小。