Nonlinear model predictive control scheme for stabilizing annulus pressure during oil well drilling

This paper presents a nonlinear model predictive control scheme for stabilizing the well pressure during oil well drilling. While drilling, a fluid is pumped through the drill string and the drill bit, and is returning through the annulus between the drilled well and the drill string. Varying reservoir conditions and fluctuation in circulation flow rates cause sudden variations in the pressure conditions along the well. To compensate for these pressure fluctuations, the annulus choke valve opening can be adjusted. The proposed control scheme is based on a first-principles two-phase flow model using spatial discretization of the complete well. The optimal future choke settings are found using the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm. This control scheme is evaluated against two other control methods, a manual control scheme and a standard feed-back PI-control scheme of the choke valve with feed-forward control of the pump rates. The PI-control parameters are found using the Ziegler–Nichols closed-loop method based on simulations from a low-order model. The results show that both the PI-control scheme and the model predictive control scheme are superior to manual control. However, the PI-control scheme requires that the control parameters are re-designed when the operating conditions are deviating from the original design conditions. The model predictive control scheme will perform within the operating limits as long as the detailed model is able to describe the actual conditions of the well.     

基于变结构径向基函数网络的船舶运动预测PID控制

针对船舶在海上运动的大时滞和动态时变等特点,提出基于一种变结构径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的预测PID控制器.通过建立反映系统动态变化的滑动数据窗口,在线序贯学习窗口内的数据,动态调整隐层节点与隐层至输出层的连接权值,得到结构可自适应变化的RBF网络.将该变结构RBF网络用于预测PID控制器中系统状态的在线多步预测,通过得到的预测模型灵敏度信息在线调整PID控制器参数以控制系统的输出.将该控制器用于船舶航向跟踪控制的仿真实验,结果表明该控制器具有良好的的适应性和鲁棒性.     

直升机横侧向通道模糊自适应控制律设计

根据飞行包线中典型状态的小扰动线性化方程,建立了直升机横侧向系统的T-S模型。采用参数映射设计方法,利用系统的部分状态信息,直接针对规定的系统性能指标,在满足要求的可用参数集中设计控制器参数。根据平行分布补偿原理,设计模糊神经网络控制器,利用各典型状态下选定的参数作为样本,训练模糊神经网络,实现所设计的控制律,使飞机能够在全包线范围内达到要求的性能指标。仿真结果表明,应用所设计的控制律,可以在飞行包线内将系统极点较准确地配置在希望极点附近,系统动态性能指标完全满足规定的要求。表明提出的设计方法可行而且有效。     

Nonlinear predictive control for a NNARX hydro plant model

A neural network (NN)-based nonlinear predictive control (NPC) is described for control of turbine power with variation in gate position. The studied plant includes the tunnel, surge tank and penstock effect dynamics. Multilayer perceptron neural network is chosen to represent a neural network nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous signal model of hydro power plant. With the said NN model configuration, quasi-Newton and Levenberg–Marquardt iterative optimization algorithms are applied in order to determine optimal predictive control parameters. The controlled response is simulated on different amplitude step function and trapezoidal shape reference signal. The study also discusses comparison with an approximate predictive control approach, being linearized around operating points. It is shown that NPC strategy gives impressive results in comparison to the approximated one.     

Nonlinear model predictive control using deterministic global optimization

This paper presents a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) algorithm utilizing a deterministic global optimization method. Utilizing local techniques on nonlinear nonconvex problems leaves one susceptible to suboptimal solutions at each iteration. In complex problems, local solver reliability is difficult to predict and dependent upon the choice of initial guess. This paper demonstrates the application of a deterministic global solution technique to an example NMPC problem. A terminal state constraint is used in the example case study. In some cases the local solution method becomes infeasible, while the global solution correctly finds the feasible global solution. Increased computational burden is the most significant limitation for global optimization based online control techniques. This paper provides methods for improving the global optimization rates of convergence. This paper also shows that globally optimal NMPC methods can provide benefits over local techniques and can successfully be used for online control.     

Model predictive control of dissolved oxygen concentration based on a self-organizing RBF neural network

The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in activated sludge wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs) is difficult to control because of the complex nonlinear behavior involved. In this paper, a self-organizing radial basis function (RBF) neural network model predictive control (SORBF-MPC) method is proposed for controlling the DO concentration in a WWTP. The proposed SORBF can vary its structure dynamically to maintain prediction accuracy. The hidden nodes in the RBF neural network can be added or removed on-line based on node activity and mutual information (MI) to achieve the appropriate network complexity and the necessary dynamism. Moreover, the convergence of the SORBF is analyzed in both the dynamic process phase and the phase following the modification of the structure. Finally, the SORBF-MPC is applied to the Benchmark Simulation Model 1 (BSM1) WWTP to maintain the DO concentration. The results show that SORBF-MPC effectively provides process control. The performance comparison also indicates that the proposed model's predictive control strategy yields the most accurate for DO concentration, better effluent qualities, and lower average aeration energy (AE) consumption.     

基于APSO优化算法的GCHP系统神经网络预测控制

针对地源热泵(GCHP)系统的能量消耗问题,提出了一种基于自适应粒子群(APSO)优化算法和最邻近聚类径向基神经网络(RBFNN)建模的预测控制策略;首先,利用神经网络建立系统的输出预测模型,然后通过粒子群的滚动优化算法求解得到最优控制量;仿真结果表明,该方法能够在满足负荷要求的前提下,有效地降低GCHP系统在运行过程中的能量消耗。     

基于Hopfield 神经网络的污水处理过程优化控制

针对前置反硝化污水处理过程的优化控制问题,提出一种基于拉格朗日乘子法的Hofield神经网络优化方法.构造了污水处理过程约束优化问题的数学表达式,通过Hopfield神经网络优化计算生化池第5分区溶解氧浓度和第2分区硝态氮浓度的设定值,并采用PID控制器实现底层的跟踪控制.基于国际标准的Benchmark基准仿真平台进行仿真实验,结果表明污水处理系统在出水关键水质达标的基础上,能够显著降低能耗.     

An Adaptive RBF Neural Network Control Method for a Class of Nonlinear Systems

This paper focuses on designing an adaptive radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) control method for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown parameters and bounded disturbances. The problems raised by the unknown functions and external disturbances in the nonlinear system are overcome by RBFNN, combined with the single parameter direct adaptive control method. The novel adaptive control method is designed to reduce the amount of computations effectively. The uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by the proposed controller. A coupled motor drives (CMD) system, which satisfies the structure of nonlinear system, is taken for simulation to confirm the effectiveness of the method. Simulations show that the developed adaptive controller has favorable performance on tracking desired signal and verify the stability of the closed-loop system.      

Multivariable adaptive predictive control of an aerated lagoon for a wastewater treatment process

The application of an adaptive multivariable predictive model-based control scheme for the control of biotechnological processes is reported. Control design consists of regulating the residual concentrations of two main variables of a multistage wastewater treatment process. Unavailability of measurements leads to the development of an identification technique derived to estimate simultaneously unavailable state variables and time-varying parameters of a nonlinear process. Convergence of the estimation scheme is demonstrated via a theorem and its proof using Lyapunov's method. The estimated variables are used in the explicit design of the control algorithm. Good simulation results have been obtained in regulation, tracking, disturbance rejection and transient behaviour, showing the efficiency of this adaptive control strategy.     

石墨化炉人工神经网络预测控制的研究

针对目前石墨化炉控温精度不高,时有裂纹废品出现的现状,为提高石墨电极质量,实现石墨化炉的精确控温问题,提出了石墨化炉神经网络预测控制策略。利用径向基函数神经网络建立了石墨化炉稳态模型;利用工业过程裸模化方法,建立了石墨化炉的动态模型,为进一步实现石墨化炉的神经网络预测控制,完成了至关重要的第一步。该石墨化炉神经网络模型,计算机仿真结果非常理想,拟和精度很高,完全可以作为下一步实现预测控制的模型。     

基于ANN的非线性系统GPC算法及仿真研究

将神经网络（ANN）技术应用于常规GPC算法,设计了基于ANN的非线性系统GPC结构方案,并对其控制原理和控制算法进行研究,基于ANN高度非线性映射等特性,运用数字仿真方法,对所设计的控制结构方案进行仿真研究,仿真结果显示,基于ANN的非线性系统GPC结构方案合理可行,并取得了满意的控制效果．     

Nonlinear model predictive control of fed-batch fermentations using dynamic flux balance models

Fed-batch fermentation is an important production technology in the biochemical industry. Using fed-batch Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation as a prototypical example, we developed a general methodology for nonlinear model predictive control of fed-batch bioreactors described by dynamic flux balance models. The control objective was to maximize ethanol production at a fixed final batch time by adjusting the glucose feeding rate and the aerobic–anaerobic switching time. Effectiveness of the closed-loop implementation was evaluated by comparing the relative performance of NMPC and the open-loop optimal controller. NMPC was able to compensate for structural errors in the intracellular model and parametric errors in the substrate uptake kinetics and cellular energetics by increasing ethanol production between 8.0% and 14.7% compared with the open-loop operating policy. Minimal degradation in NMPC performance was observed when the biomass, glucose, and ethanol concentration and liquid volume measurements were corrupted with Gaussian white noise. NMPC based on the dynamic flux balance model was shown to improve ethanol production compared to the same NMPC formulation based on a simpler unstructured model. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to utilize a dynamic flux balance model within a nonlinear model-based control scheme.     

具有Hammerstein模型描述的非线性系统的基于混合神经网络的预测控制

本文针对多输入多输出Hamrnerstein模犁提出了一种基于混合神经网络的模犁预测控制策略,控制器采用线性优化机构和高斯径向基神经网络串联.该策略不需要假设Hammerstein模型的非线性部分由多项式构成,避免了已有研究在无根或重根情况下存在导致预测控制的优化特征丧失问题,而采用混合神经网络则避免了采用传统神经网络拟合动态映射时存在的网络规模大和实时性差的不足.     

A hybrid metaheuristic for multiobjective unconstrained binary quadratic programming

The conventional unconstrained binary quadratic programming (UBQP) problem is known to be a unified modeling and solution framework for many combinatorial optimization problems. This paper extends the single-objective UBQP to the multiobjective case (mUBQP) where multiple objectives are to be optimized simultaneously. We propose a hybrid metaheuristic which combines an elitist evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithm and a state-of-the-art single-objective tabu search procedure by using an achievement scalarizing function. Finally, we define a formal model to generate mUBQP instances and validate the performance of the proposed approach in obtaining competitive results on large-size mUBQP instances with two and three objectives.     

基于混合神经网络的非线性预测函数控制

针对基本预测函数控制只能用于线性对象的控制这一不足,提出了基于混合神经网络的非线性预测函数控制.混合神经网络由BP网络和线性神经网络串连组成.采用混合神经网络对可用Hammerstein模型描述的非线性对象进行有效的辨识.其中,BP网络反映了非线性静态增益,线性神经网络反映了线性动态子系统.利用BP网络求出非线性静态增益的逆并与非线性对象串联,抵消非线性对象中的非线性静态增益部分,将非线性对象的控制问题转化为对线性对象的控制问题,实现了对非线性对象的预测函数控制.当被控对象的特性发生变化时,可对混合神经网络权值及时进行修正并调整控制器参数使控制系统始终保持良好的控制性能.仿真结果表明,此控制系统具有良好的控制效果.     

Nonlinear model predictive control of a magnetic levitation system

The paper presents a fast nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) scheme for a magnetic levitation system. A nonlinear dynamical model of the levitation system is derived that additionally captures the inductor current dynamics of the electromagnet in order to achieve a high MPC performance both for stabilization and fast setpoint changes of the levitating mass. The optimization algorithm underlying the MPC scheme accounts for control constraints and allows for a time and memory efficient computation of the single iteration. The overall control performance of the levitation system as well as the low computational costs of the MPC scheme is shown both in simulations and experiments with a sampling frequency of 700 Hz on a standard dSPACE hardware.     

基于S函数调节的非线性自适应动态面控制

针对一类控制增益未知的多输入多输出（MIMO）非线性系统,提出了一种基于神经网络的鲁棒自适应动态面控制方法．利用动态面控制解决反推法的计算膨胀问题;同时在参数自适应律中引入S（Sigmoid）函数,动态调节神经网络的收敛速度,解决了自适应初始阶段的抖振现象．利用李亚普诺夫稳定性定理,证明了闭环系统所有信号最终有界,系统的跟踪误差最终收敛到有界紧集内．仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性．     

Compactly supported radial basis functions for adaptive process control

An adaptive nonlinear control strategy based on networks of compactly supported radial basis functions is proposed. The local influence of the basis functions allows efficient on-line adaptation that is performed using a gradient law, and new basis functions are added to the network only when new regions in state space are encountered and the prediction error exceeds a pre-specified tolerance. The approximate model is used to construct an input-output linearizing control law. The adaptive control strategy is applied to a nonlinear chemical reactor model.