基于GIS的空间分析及其发展研究

空间分析是基于地理对象空间布局的地理数据分析技术,GIS的空间分析功能偏弱已经严重地阻碍了其作为空间数据分析和研究工具的使用。新兴的智能计算技术为空间分析提供了新的机遇和发展契机,神经网络、进化计算和人工生命在基于GIS的空间分析建模应用上具有巨大潜力。研究发现基于GIS空间分析的发展将向时空分析领域拓展,同时急待建立基于智能计算技术的时空分析的有效模型和统一框架,形成GIS与时空分析模型高度融合的时空决策平台。     

报刊业地理信息系统设计与实现

本文设计了以空间信息为整合和分析工具的报刊业地理信息系统,介绍了系统建设的背景和意义,进行了业务需求分析和模块设计,并基于构件技术和网络服务WebServices技术进行了系统功能设计和实现。该系统为报刊业的空间信息管理与应用、空间分析、决策支持、业务状况改善等提供了一种可行的解决方案。最后探讨了系统的进一步研发方向。     

Telegeoprocessing: The integration of remote sensing,Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and telecommunication

This paper aims to bring together most of the key issues involved in research in novel systems in telegeoprocessing. Telegeoprocessing can be defined as a new discipline based on real-time spatial databases updated regularly by means of telecommunications systems in order to support problem solving and decision-making at any time and any place . It involves the integration of remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and telecommunications. Telegeoprocessing can be categorized as WebGIS (an integration of Internet and GIS), Mobile Geoprocessing (Wireless Mapping - an integration of mobile computing and GIS) and TeleGIS (an integration of GIS and other telecommunication techniques). This paper presents a comprehensive introduction to the problems encountered in telegeoprocessing engineering and the major technologies and standards related to designing an integrated, fully functional telegeoprocessing system based on the latest multimedia and telecommunication technologies. Overall attention will be given to systems based on remote sensing and GPS and all other technologies for sending data from sensors to GIS systems by means of multimedia telecommunications. Finally, we describe our pilot telegeoprocessing programme, which is currently being carried out in the Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Science, China.     

海量域名日志数据分析与可视化研究及应用*

针对域名数据数量巨大且具有时空特征的特点,利用地理信息系统时空分析以及可视化的技术和方法对中国国家级域名.cn日志数据进行分析和研究。通过对域名数据的分析,了解域名解析总体规律及特征,得到热点域名及域名中蕴含的时空分布规律,为域名业务规划、服务站点布局调整提供分析数据。最后提出一种基于模拟退火算法的DNS站点优化布局方法,实验结果表明该方法可用于指导DNS服务站点的布局及DNS解析服务的调整,为.cn域名服务的整体布局提供决策依据。     

浅论数字影像在GIS中的应用

数字影像在GIS中的应用,可系统归纳为三个方向:使用高分辨率遥感影像用作GIS矢量数据的更新;将数字影像与GIS矢量数据集成作为GIS的数据平台;以及将数据挖掘技术应用于数字影像,从而辅助实现GIS的空间分析和智能决策等高端应用。文中分别以实例验证说明了上述三种应用方向的技术可行性,并指出目前阶段各研究方向存在的技术问题。     

基于GIS和RS的应用分析系统集成研究

分析了当前遥感与地理信息系统集成方式,并以作物品质遥感监测与调优栽培系统为例,以实现以遥感为主要数据源的多源数据融合分析为目标,探讨了基于组件技术、空间数据库技术、模型库管理系统技术等技术的遥感与地理信息系统集成应用系统设计与实现,解决了遥感、专业应用模型与地理信息系统之间的一体化集成。     

空间决策支持系统的集成体系结构及其实现途径

文章以厦门市环境管理空间决策支持系统为例,提出一个以地理信息系统为中心的环境空间决策支持系统的体系结构新类型,在此基础上构造了基于集成方式实现的环境空间决策支持系统的逻辑结构,并介绍了实现GIS与空间应用分析模型嵌入式紧密集成的具体实现方法和应用例子。     

地理信息系统和遥感结合的现状及发展趋势

地理信息系统和遥感是支撑现代地理学的两大空间技术工具，近年来它们的结合越来越引起了人们的兴趣与研究。文章着重论述了地理信息系统和遥感结合的现状及其发展趋势，包括地理信息系统和遥感结合的内在原因、方式和存在的主要问题，并介绍了加拿大遥感中心在此方面的新的研完成果。     

Preprocessing of Spatial Query in Distributed GIS

This paper focuses on spatial query optimization in distributed GIS. A new qualitative spatial relation model and its consistency problem solution which is composed of topology, direction, distance and size, are proposed. Research integrating the four aspects has not appeared before. A new method to deduce the constraints of spatial query is given, so it saves the query process time in distributed GIS. Finally, the methods and theories are applied to a distributed GIS project, and the experiment result is satisfactory.     

颜色解耦光响应非均匀性噪声融合凸优化的图像伪造检测算法

当前基于光响应非均匀性噪声的伪造检测算法使用了滤色器阵列,容易产生颜色插值噪声,严重影响了其噪声的提取精度及相关性检测的分辨率;且没有考虑源相机的相关性,借助局部像素统计决策进行目标识别,削弱了算法检测精度.提出了颜色解耦光响应非均匀性(,CD-PRNU color decoupled photo response non-uniformity)噪声融合凸优化方案的图像伪造检测算法.设计颜色解耦光响应非均匀性噪声;并构造了CD-PRNU噪声残留的数学计算模型;再嵌入Bayes原理,形成贝叶斯最小风险决策,利用图像全局像素,完成伪造目标检测.同时提出凸优化方案,将真伪决策演变为凸问题,降低算法复杂度.仿真结果显示:该算法能够更有效地检测出微小尺寸伪造目标,且其误检率更低.     

互操作GIS模型及其在空间信息基础设施体系结构中的实现途径

随着地理空间信息应用的不断增加,完成一个复杂的任务需要多学科多部门的参加与合作,因此有必要将提出了５个层次的互操作模型。地理信息的互操作是集成和融合的基础。互操作可以在不同层次上实施。该文提出了５个层次的互操作模型。     

GIS支持的区域工业用地立地条件评价与空间整合研究——以常州市沿江开发区域为例

以常州市沿江开发区域为研究区,针对其产业结构优化阶段工业用地空间布局现状和存在问题,用GIS支持的空间定量分析方法对工业用地立地条件进行评价,探讨工业用地空间整合模式,提出了整合方案.该研究不仅对常州市沿江开发区域工业用地空间整合有着现实的指导意义,亦具有较高的理论意义和推广价值.     

Numerical integration in statistical decision-theoretic methods for robust design optimization

The Bayes principle from statistical decision theory provides a conceptual framework for quantifying uncertainties that arise in robust design optimization. The difficulty with exploiting this framework is computational, as it leads to objective and constraint functions that must be evaluated by numerical integration. Using a prototypical robust design optimization problem, this study explores the computational cost of multidimensional integration (computing expectation) and its interplay with optimization algorithms. It concludes that straightforward application of standard off-the-shelf optimization software to robust design is prohibitively expensive, necessitating adaptive strategies and the use of surrogates.     

城市突发公共卫生事件应急指挥系统空间数据模型设计——以“合肥地区非典防治决策支持系统”为例

该文以合肥地区非典防治决策支持系统为例,分析了城市突发公共卫生事件应急指挥决策支持系统的需求,阐述了基于数字城市空间信息基础设施,利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,整合数字城市信息化资源,建设城市突发公共卫生事件应急指挥决策支持系统的总体设计和技术实现。     

城市地质空间信息系统研究与建设

通过对城市地质数据与功能的需求分析,确定了城市地质数据仓库及其信息系统的建设内容,进行了系统框架设计;基于GIS技术、数据仓库技术、三维可视化技术以及决策支持技术,进行了多源数据整合、模型集成、城市地下空间规划辅助决策等主要功能模块的研究.     

A spatial decision aid: A multicriterion evaluation approach

There is a growing consensus on the necessity of transforming GIS into real decision support tools and several authors have pleaded for the elaboration of Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS). In this paper, we recommend the integration of GIS and Multicriteria Analysis methods. We present the reasons that have led to this integration and a conceptual framework to facilitate it. A prototype will also be presented to show what such a SDSS could be.     

Linking GIS and water resources management models: an object-oriented method

Many challenges are associated with the integration of geographic information systems (GISs) with models in specific applications. One of them is adapting models to the environment of GISs. Unique aspects of water resource management problems require a special approach to development of GIS data structures. Expanded development of GIS applications for handling water resources management analysis can be assisted by use of an object oriented approach. In this paper, we model a river basin water allocation problem as a collection of spatial and thematic objects. A conceptual GIS data model is formulated to integrate the physical and logical components of the modeling problem into an operational framework, based on which, extended GIS functions are developed to implement a tight linkage between the GIS and the water resources management model. Through the object-oriented approach, data, models and users interfaces are integrated in the GIS environment, creating great flexibility for modeling and analysis. The concept and methodology described in this paper is also applicable to connecting GIS with models in other fields that have a spatial dimension and hence to which GIS can provide a powerful additional component of the modeler’s tool kit.     

Decision optimization analysis on supply chain resource integration in fourth party logistics

In recent years, the successful operation of the fourth party logistics (4PL) in practice has gradually demonstrated that it is an effective mode to integrate the complicated resources of a supply chain reasonably, efficiently and flexibly. However, there are no effective quantitative methods to guide the resource integration practices of enterprises and this situation will inevitably limit the practical application of 4PL and will become a major bottleneck of showing its superiorities. To solve this operational bottleneck in 4PL, this paper analyzes thoroughly the characteristics of the supply chain resource integration in 4PL mode from a quantitative view, set up an operational framework by case studies of surveyed enterprises combined with the empirical analyses of the supply chain resource integration. On this basis, this paper puts forward a decision optimization method of supply chain resource integration in 4PL based on the discovery, analyses and judgment about the dominant factors in the integration operations, then, sets up a mathematics optimization model for integration decision and an improved ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm to solve the decision problem. Finally, the paper uses a case simulation to illustrate that the optimization method and algorithm are feasible and valid.     

Implementing an extension of the analytical hierarchy process using ordered weighted averaging operators with fuzzy quantifiers in ArcGIS

This paper focuses on the integration of GIS and an extension of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) using quantifier-guided ordered weighted averaging (OWA) procedure. AHP_OWA is a multicriteria combination operator. The nature of the AHP_OWA depends on some parameters, which are expressed by means of fuzzy linguistic quantifiers. By changing the linguistic terms, AHP_OWA can generate a wide range of decision strategies. We propose a GIS-multicriteria evaluation (MCE) system through implementation of AHP_OWA within ArcGIS, capable of integrating linguistic labels within conventional AHP for spatial decision making. We suggest that the proposed GIS-MCE would simplify the definition of decision strategies and facilitate an exploratory analysis of multiple criteria by incorporating qualitative information within the analysis.     

基于空间实体的传染病蔓延模拟建模研究

提出了一种基于空间实体的传染病元胞自动机模型,基于该模型,在GIS环境中建立了传染病蔓延的可视化模拟程序,并通过模拟算例分别给出了局部传染和全局传染两种典型传播行为的模拟结果。对模拟结果的分析表明,采用符合传染病流行特征的空间相关性模式能够得到更合理的模拟结果。通过结合GIS的空间数据可视化和分析功能,建议的元胞自动机模型能可视化展示传染病蔓延过程,察明影响传染病传播过程的关键参数,评估特定干预措施（如改善卫生条件、隔离感染者、接种疫苗等）的效果,获取疾病的空间分布信息和统计信息,为传染病的防治决策提供科学的依据。