嵌入式系统开源软件的回顾和展望

回顾嵌入式系统发展中开源软件的作用和发展趋势,指出了移动互联网产品是开源软件的重要机缘,阐述了嵌入式系统对于开源软件多样性需求,介绍国际开源软件现状、社区文化和在嵌入式系统中的局限性。     

Free and Open Source Software versus Internet content filtering and censorship: A case study

This study critically investigates the main characteristics and features of anti-filtering packages provided by Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). For over a decade, the digital communities around the globe have used FOSS packages not only as an inexpensive way to access to information available on Internet, but also to disseminate thoughts, opinions and concerns about various socio-political and economic matters. Proxy servers and FOSS played a vital role in helping citizens in repressed countries to bypass the state imposed Internet content filtering and censorship practices. On the one hand, proxy servers act as redirectors to websites, and on the other hand, many of these servers are the main source for downloading FOSS anti-filtering software packages. These packages can provide secure web surfing via anonymous web access, data encryption, IP address masking, location concealment, browser history and cookie clean-ups but they also provide proxy software updates as well as domain name updates.The main objectives of this study are to investigate the role of FOSS packages in combating Internet content filtering and censorship and empowering citizens to effectively participate in communication discourse. By evaluating some of the well known FOSS anti-filtering packages used by Iran's digital community, this study found that despite the success of FOSS in combating filtering and state censorship, the majority of these software packages were not designed to meet the needs of Internet users. In particular, they are poorly adapted to the slow Internet connections in many developing countries such as Iran. In addition, these software packages do not meet the level of sophistication used by authorities to filter the content of the Net. Therefore, this study offers a new model that takes into account not only the existing level of the Internet infrastructure but also the growing number of Internet users demanding more effective FOSS packages for faster access to uncensored information while maintaining anonymity.     

开源对软件行业发展的影响

本文首先从开源的定义,开源协议的介绍,开源开发者的动机三个方面介绍了开源软件的背景。然后通过对Linux的诞生、发展和市场占有率,谷歌和甲骨文关于Java的版权之争,Android和iOS在移动终端市场中的市场占有率分析,TensorFlow的巨大成功四个案例分析,得出开源对软件行业发展有积极的推动作用。但是,并不是要将所有软件都开源。在软件行业的发展过程中,开源和闭源各有优势,它们将长期共存,共同促进软件行业持续、健康、稳健的发展。     

基于开源软件构建OPAC检索机的研究与实现

针对目前公共联机书目查询系统（OPAC）中检索机缺少专用的系统运行环境,本文提出一种有效的利用开源软件原理构建OPAC检索机的解决方案。本方法与传统的基于WINDOWS的OPAC检索机解决方案有本质的区别,主要是通过采用完全免费、标准开放的开源软件构建的,不仅减少了系统的投入,而且具有高效、稳定、安全、易维护等特点。     

一种面向开源软件特征的开源软件选择方法研究

文章提出一种面向开源软件特征的开源软件选择方法,首先从开源软件的基本特性、评估策略和内在特征三个方面建立其特征,并将特征纳入到开源软件的分类中。其次再根据不同用户的需求的特征与开源软件的分类建立选择机制,使用户需求选择特征与开源软件特征进行对应,从而建立起开源软件选择方法。然后通过该方法来选择面向开源软件开发工具为例进行验证表明,该策略有效且可用性强。     

A Qualitative Study on the Organizational Adoption of Open Source Server Software

Studies on the organizational adoption of open source software (OSS) have been largely inconclusive, thereby impeding managers' abilities to make well-informed decisions. Based on an extensive literature review followed by a case study, a parsimonious list of seven factors was identified that have an impact on the organizational adoption of OSS in Belgian organizations. An in-depth insight was provided into how these factors affected the adoption decision and how the findings compare to previous literature.     

BioSig: A Free and Open Source Software Library for BCI Research

Software development is a key issue in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. Software can show the similarities and differences of different data processing methods. It can also make clear which hyperparameters must be determined for particular algorithms. And it can demonstrate whether certain concepts are compatible or not. With BioSig's comprehensive library of free and open source tools, combined with existing EEG databases, like those from BCI competitions, BCI researchers can avoid having to reinvent the wheel on every project.     

Towards a sustainable interoperability in networked enterprise information systems: Trends of knowledge and model-driven technology

In a turbulent world, global competition and the uncertainty of markets have led organizations and technology to evolve exponentially, surpassing the most imaginary scenarios predicted at the beginning of the digital manufacturing era, in the 1980s. Business paradigms have changed from a standalone vision into complex and collaborative ecosystems where enterprises break down organizational barriers to improve synergies with others and become more competitive. In this context, paired with networking and enterprise integration, enterprise information systems (EIS) interoperability gained utmost importance, ensuring an increasing productivity and efficiency thanks to a promise of more automated information exchange in networked enterprises scenarios. However, EIS are also becoming more dynamic. Interfaces that are valid today are outdated tomorrow, thus static interoperability enablers and communication software services are no longer the solution for the future. This paper is focused on the challenge of sustaining networked EIS interoperability, and takes up input from solid research initiatives in the areas of knowledge management and model driven development, to propose and discuss several research strategies and technological trends towards next EIS generation.     

A model-driven process for the modernization of component-based systems

Software modernization is critical for organizations that need cost-effective solutions to deal with the rapid obsolescence of software and the increasing demand for new functionality. This paper presents the XIRUP modernization methodology, which proposes a highly iterative process, structured into four phases: preliminary evaluation, understanding, building and migration. This modernization process is feature-driven, component-based, focused on the early elicitation of key information, and relies on a model-driven approach with extensive use of experience from the previous projects. XIRUP has been defined in the European IST project MOMOCS, which has also built a suite of support tools. This paper introduces the process using a case study that illustrates its activities, related tools and results. The discussion highlights the specific characteristics of modernization projects and how a customized methodology can take advantage of them.     

CLPL: Providing software infrastructure for the systematic and effective construction of complex collaborative learning systems

Over the last decade, e-Learning and in particular Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) needs have been evolving accordingly with more and more demanding pedagogical and technological requirements. As a result, high customization and flexibility are a must in this context, meaning that collaborative learning practices need to be continuously adapted, adjusted, and personalized to each specific target learning group. These very demanding needs of the CSCL domain represent a great challenge for the research community on software development to satisfy.This contribution presents and evaluates a previous research effort in the form of a generic software infrastructure called Collaborative Learning Purpose Library (CLPL) with the aim of meeting the current and demanding needs found in the CSCL domain. To this end, we experiment with the CLPL in order to offer an advanced reuse-based service-oriented software engineering methodology for developing CSCL applications in an effective and timely fashion. A validation process is provided by reporting on the use of the CLPL platform as the primary resource for the Master's thesis courses at the Open University of Catalonia when developing complex software applications in the CSCL domain.The ultimate aim of the whole research is to yield effective CSCL software systems capable of supporting and enhancing the current on-line collaborative learning practices.     

开放源代码软件的应用研究

目前，开放源代码的软件开发已经越来越多的地被采用，其基本思想是通过公开软件的源代码，使得不同的开发人员可以互相交流，发现错误从而提升软件质量，在某些环境下运行的软件由于对可靠性的高度要求，采用开放源代码的模式进行软件开发将能最大化地做到这一点，本文试从商业模型，法律规范，实现技术这三个角度论述了开放源代码软件的应用。     

Multidisciplinary fault diagnosis of complex engineering systems: A case study of nuclear power plants

Fault diagnosis is a key process in ensuring complex engineering system safety. It often requires collaborative and multidisciplinary efforts. This study seeks to understand the process of multidisciplinary fault diagnosis in complex engineering systems and the key human factors issues that impair this process. Data were collected from multidisciplinary diagnostic activities conducted in the commissioning phase of nuclear power plants (NPPs). In the first phase, we proposed a process model based on a combination of literature review, specialist interviews, and field observations. In phase two, the influencing issues identified in the first phase were assessed through a survey with 117 NPP commissioning specialists. Five factors influencing multidisciplinary fault diagnosis were identified: cognitive artifacts, diagnosis biases, preparation for multidisciplinary diagnosis, information sharing and collaborative reasoning, and collaborative decision-making. The significances of each factor were compared. The results provide guidance for the development of improvement measures to enhance the performance of multidisciplinary fault diagnosis.Practitioner summaryThe processes and influencing issues of multidisciplinary fault diagnosis during the commissioning phase of nuclear power plants were studied with field observations, interviews of 28 specialists, and a survey of 117 specialists. Five major influencing factors were identified, and their influences were compared.     

Applying CIM-to-PIM model transformations for the service-oriented development of information systems

Context

Model-driven approaches deal with the provision of models, transformations between them and code generators to address software development. This approach has the advantage of defining a conceptual structure, where the models used by business managers and analysts can be mapped into more detailed models used by software developers. This alignment between high-level business specifications and the lower-level information technologies (ITs) models is crucial to the field of service-oriented development, where meaningful business services and process specifications are those relevant to real business scenarios.

Objective

This paper presents a model-driven approach which, starting from high-level computational-independent business models (CIMs) - the business view - sets out guidelines for obtaining lower-level platform-independent behavioural models (PIMs) - the information system view. A key advantage of our approach is the use of real high-level business models, not just requirements models, which, by means of model transformations, helps software developers to make the most of the business knowledge for specifying and developing business services.

Method

This proposal is framed in a method for service-oriented development of information systems whose main characteristic is the use of services as first-class objects. The method follows an MDA-based approach, proposing a set of models at different levels of abstraction and model transformations to connect them.

Results

The paper present the complete set of CIM and PIM metamodels and the specification of the mappings between them, which clear advantage is the support for the alignment between high-level business view and ITs. The proposed model-driven process is being implemented in an MDA tool. A first prototype has been used to develop a travel agency case study that illustrates the proposal.

Conclusion

This study shows how a model-driven approach helps to solve the alignment problem between the business view and the information system view that arises when adopting service-oriented approaches for software development.     

The Economic Motivation of Open Source Software: Stakeholder Perspectives

Open source software has enabled large system integrators to increase their profits through cost savings and reach more customers due to flexible pricing. This has upset existing ecosystems and shuffled structural relationships, resulting in the emergence of firms providing consulting services to open source projects. This new breed of service firm in turn lives or dies by its ability to recruit and retain appropriate talent. For such talent, in particular for software developers, life has become more difficult and exciting at once. Developers face new career prospects and paths, since their formal position in an open source project, in addition to their experience and capabilities, determines their value to an employer. Economically rational developers strive to become commiters to high-profile open source projects to further their careers, which in turn generates more recognition, independence, and job security     

Contributions from cognitive engineering to requirements specifications for complex sociotechnical systems: A case study in the context of healthcare in Brazil

This paper aims at presenting a case study on the use of human factors and ergonomics to enhance requirement specifications for complex sociotechnical system support tools through enhancing the understanding of human performance within the business domain and the indication of high‐value requirements candidates to information technology support. This work uses methods based on cognitive engineering to build representations of the business domain, highlighting workers’ needs, and contributing to the improvement of software requirements specifications, used in the healthcare domain. As the human factors discipline fits between human sciences and technology design, we believe that its concepts can be combined with software engineering to improve understanding of how people work, enabling the design of better information technology.     

Adoption of Open Source Software: The role of social identification

While the benefits of incorporating Open Source Software (OSS) into personal and organizational systems have been widely touted, OSS must be adopted and used by end users before these benefits can be realized. Drawing on research in information systems and sociology, this study develops and evaluates an integrated model for the acceptance of OSS. In addition to the traditional technology adoption variables the findings stress the importance of social identification as a key driver of OSS adoption. The proposed model provides a useful decision support tool for assessing and proactively designing interventions targeted at successful OSS adoption and diffusion.     

基于Agent的复杂系统分布仿真建模方法的研究

基于Agent的分布仿真是研究大型复杂系统的一种有效的、重要的方法。为了减小复杂系统仿真的复杂度,增加仿真模型的重用和可维护性,需要研究基于Agent分布仿真的建模方法。首先对复杂系统及其特性进行了分析,对基于Agent的仿真进行了全面的论述,然后对基于Agent的复杂系统仿真中的复杂系统建模分析、Agent建模分析以及Agent的分布进行了分析,给出了基于Agent的复杂系统分布仿真的建模步骤,最后给出了在此建模思想指导下的金融证券市场的建模过程。