多次搅拌下TiN颗粒增强铝基复合层组织与性能

采用搅拌摩擦加工制备了TiN颗粒增强铝基复合材料,研究了搅拌次数对复合层晶粒尺寸、硬度、拉伸及磨损性能的影响。结果表明:搅拌加工时添加TiN颗粒可提高复合层的硬度、耐磨性。添加TiN颗粒的试样经4道次搅拌后,搅拌区最高硬度为136 HV,为同道次未加颗粒的1.12倍。未添加颗粒时复合层摩擦系数为0.5左右,添加颗粒时仅为0.3左右。经4道次加工后添加TiN颗粒的复合材料强度由未添加时的380.40 MPa下降到329.97 MPa。随搅拌次数的增加,搅拌区晶粒细化程度得以提高,TiN颗粒分布更加均匀,但搅拌次数对TiN颗粒增强铝基复合材料的强度和硬度影响不大。     

搅拌摩擦加工制备铝基复合材料组织性能研究

采用搅拌摩擦加工法制备铝基SiC复合层,研究不同加工道次下SiC颗粒在复合层中的分布形态,并对复合层的组织形貌和显微硬度进行分析。结果表明:加工次数的增加,有利于复合层中SiC颗粒的均匀分布,经4道次搅拌摩擦加工后复合层中SiC颗粒分布均匀,基体金属组织中粗大Si相和枝晶完全消失,组织被明显细化。增强相SiC颗粒的加入使复合层显微硬度得到提高,4道次加工后搅拌摩擦中心区显微硬度最高值为71 HV,较基体金属(45HV)提高了26 HV,搅拌摩擦区的显微硬度平均值为68HV,为基体金属显微硬度(45HV)的1.5倍。     

利用搅拌摩擦加工对6061铝合金进行表面改性

为了改善典型的锻造铝合金6061(LD30)的表面性能,采用搅拌摩擦加工的方法在其表面制备强化的复合层以提高其硬度和耐磨性,即在铝合金基体表面加工凹槽,填充TiN纳米粉末后,利用搅拌摩擦加工过程中强烈的塑性变形作用获得较好的粉末弥散效果,从而制备强化的金属基复合层。利用光学显微镜对搅拌区域微观形貌进行分析,测试、比较显微硬度并分析了加工区域显微硬度的变化。结果表明,核区金属在搅拌头强烈的搅拌摩擦作用下发生显著的塑性变形和连续动态再结晶,形成细小、等轴晶粒的微观组织。经多道次搅拌TiN粉末获得了较好的弥散效果,搅拌核区硬度较母材提高约HV24,较未添加粉末搅拌的核区硬度提高约HV54。热影响区由于几乎没有弥散的粉末且受到热循环作用而使硬度下降HV20。     

搅拌摩擦加工制备镁合金表面复合层的显微组织和力学性能

选用轧态AZ31镁合金为基体、C60颗粒为增强相,采用搅拌摩擦加工技术(FSP)制备镁合金表面复合材料,搅拌针头旋转速度为600 r·min~(-1),加工速度为118 mm·min~(-1),分别进行1～3道次FSP加工后,通过金相、透射、硬度和拉伸等测试,对搅拌加工区复合显微组织和力学性能进行表征分析。研究表明:FSP可使镁合金晶粒显著细化; C60加入后,在1～3道次FSP内,随着加工道次升高,C60分散程度上升,复合材料平均晶粒尺寸降低,材料硬度上升,抗拉强度上升,但弥散于晶间的团聚颗粒使其拉伸性能低于母材;添加C60后的试样中,2道次硬度有明显上升,最高硬度可达母材的1. 73倍,3道次试样硬度平均值最高。结果表明,可通过FSP制备镁基表面复合层强化材料。     

搅拌摩擦加工技术制备Ti颗粒增强AZ31镁基复合材料

利用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备Ti颗粒含量为20%(体积分数,下同)与40%的Mg-AZ31基复合材料.结果表明:碎化后的Ti颗粒平均尺寸约为200 nm,经4次搅拌摩擦加工处理后基体组纵发生明显的细化,晶粒尺寸为3～5 μm.添加20%Ti颗粒的复合层中碎化的Ti颗粒在Mg基体中呈不均匀分布,复合层具有较低的强度和伸长率;当Ti颗粒添加量为40%时,复合层中碎化Ti颗粒在Mg基体中均匀分布,复合层强度有明显提高,伸长率较基体无明显降低.利用混合定律计算复合层的显微硬度,其结果与试验值相吻合.     

搅拌摩擦加工制备铝基梯度功能复合材料及表征（英文）

在6082铝板的凹槽中填充SiC颗粒(平均粒径为27.5μm),用一种新型多步搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)法制备Al/SiC梯度功能复合材料(FGM)。为了得到预先设定的梯度结构,使用3种工具进行FSP,每种工具的搅拌针长度不同,SiC颗粒的体积分数也不同。FSP在室温下进行,其工艺参数如下:1～3道次、旋转速度为900r/min、前进速度为20mm/min。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和三维光学显微镜对梯度功能样品的显微组织进行表征,且测试其耐磨性和显微硬度等力学性能。结果表明,随着FSP道次的增加,SiC颗粒分散更加均匀,材料的显微硬度增加。与未加工的6082铝合金相比,经3道次加工后,其显微硬度提高51.54%。添加SiC颗粒后,Al/SiC梯度功能使复合材料的耐磨性提高。     

搅拌摩擦加工制备具有单一和混合表面的Al5083/CeO_2/SiC复合材料的显微组织和磨损行为（英文）

利用搅拌摩擦加工(FSP),将纳米尺寸的氧化铈(CeO_2)和碳化硅(SiC)颗粒以单独和混合形式嵌入Al5083合金基体,制备表面复合材料,并研究这些增强相对合成的表面复合层显微组织和耐磨性能的作用。在室温下用销-盘式磨损试验机检测合成的单独和混合表面复合层的磨损特性。用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察FSPed区和磨损表面的显微组织。在熔核区可观察到显著的晶粒细化和均匀分布的增强颗粒。与基体金属相比,所有复合材料都具有更高的硬度和更好的耐磨性。其中,混合复合材料Al5083/CeO_2/SiC的耐磨性能最好,摩擦因数最低,而Al5083/SiC的硬度最高,是Al5083基体合金硬度的1.5倍。混合复合材料表面耐磨性能的提高是由于CeO_2颗粒的固体润滑效果。非复合材料中主要的磨损机制是严重的粘着磨损,当存在增强颗粒时转变为磨粒磨损和分层。     

镁合金强制冷却搅拌摩擦加工研究

采用强制冷却搅拌摩擦加工工艺对AZ31镁合金表面进行了表面改性加工,对比了强制冷却搅拌摩擦加工和未强制冷却搅拌摩擦加工工艺对组织的影响.结果表明,采用强制冷却搅拌摩擦加工工艺试样搅拌区晶粒细化明显,有效抑制了热影响区晶粒长大;经强制冷却搅拌摩擦加工后组织显微硬度最高达104HV,比母材硬度提高约79.3%.     

离心铸造SiCP复合材料简状零件的组织性能研究

选用粒径分别为15、30和59 μm的SiC颗粒为增强材料,用离心铸造法在766、820℃分别浇铸了复合材料筒状零件,检测了热处理前后试样的硬度和耐磨性.在颗粒层中加工出高80mm、壁厚2.5 mm的薄壁筒状耐磨衬套.结果表明,在零件的宏观组织断面中形成三层:外层在金属基体中包含有SiC颗粒;中间层为金属基体层,基本没有SiC颗粒:内层包含有氧化皮和气泡,在这三层间有两层清晰的界面,呈骤变式变化.热处理可提高复合材料零件的硬度,有颗粒的外层硬度提高程度小于无颗粒的中间层,时效处理降低了复合材料的耐磨性.     

SiC掺杂WC-10Ni硬质合金的真空烧结及性能研究

采用高能球磨和真空烧结技术制备了纳米SiC颗粒弥散增强WC-10Ni硬质合金复合材料,研究了SiC添加量和烧结温度对SiC掺杂WC-10Ni硬质合金复合材料显微组织和室温力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用真空烧结技术于1 450 ℃和1 500 ℃下烧结可获得烧结颗粒结合良好,致密度高达99.2%的WC-10Ni-SiC复合材料。SiC的添加不仅可以抑制WC晶粒的长大,起到细化晶粒的作用,还可促使WC晶粒烧结致密化。而且所获得的复合材料的维氏硬度随着SiC含量的增加而提高,最高达1 649 HV;断裂韧性和抗弯强度随着SiC添加量增加均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,当SiC添加量为0.5wt%时可获得断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为12.7 MPa.m_1/2和1 126.1 MPa的WC-10Ni-SiC硬质合金复合材料。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.