The processes of therapy.

(This reprinted article originally appeared in the Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1940, Vol 4, 161–264. The following abstract of the original article appeared in PA, Vol 14:6018.) Certain basic conditions for successful therapy are: the client's awareness of dissatisfaction with his current adjustment, his intelligence being above borderline level; a reasonable expectation of manipulating adverse social factors; and a skilled therapist where the purpose is to strengthen the individual. The steps in successful therapy are: (1) establishment of rapport with a delicate balance between identification and objectivity; (2) a client's free expression of thoughts and feelings; (3) his recognition and acceptance of his spontaneous self; (4) his responsibility for making his own choices; (5) his gain in insight through assimilated interpretation; and (6) his growth of independence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Harry Goichi Yamaguchi (1921-2002).

Reports the death of Harry Goichi Yamaguchi (1921-2002) and notes his contributions to to teaching, research, and clinical supervision and research. In keeping with his clinical experience with children and adolescents, Yamaguchi emphasized developmental psychology in his teaching. Learning theory remained the focus in his research, his publication, and his approach to clinical work. Yamaguchi's work with several professional organizations is also noted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Frank Landy (1942–2010).

Frank Landy died peacefully with his family by his side on January 12, 2010. His legacy to the education, research, and practice of industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology will live on in his students, his books and articles, and his ability to define and shape science and practice. Landy believed that good practice followed from good science and spent his career applying what he learned from his own research and the work of others to diverse problems related to selecting employees, managing performance, creating successful human–machine interfaces, and ensuring fair employment practices through his litigation-related work. He was the definition of a scientist–practitioner. Landy was born in Philadelphia on December 30, 1942. He began his study of psychology at Villanova University, where he received his bachelor’s degree in 1964. He earned a master’s degree (1966) and his doctorate (1969) from Bowling Green State University. Landy joined the faculty at Pennsylvania State University, and during his 26 years there he helped to build one of the most successful I/O psychology programs in the country. He was a member of many professional organizations and won many awards for his outstanding contributions to the field. He began his consulting career in 1965 and helped hundreds of organizations by applying psychological research to the solution of practical problems in human resource management, employee relations, and work motivation. Landy was an avid runner, completing more than 60 marathons, and he often participated in runs at the SIOP conferences. He played and collected guitars and was a great lover of music, often playing and singing publicly. He is survived by his wife Kylie Harper, his two daughters Erin and Elizabeth, his son-in-law George, and his four grandchildren. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gustav Theodor Fechner: Life and work in the mirror of his diary.

The diaries of Gustav Fechner reveal much about his motivations to develop the field of psychophysics, as well as some of the steps toward its formulation. Together with his publications on various subjects, the diaries show how psychophysics fits into Fechner's broader scientific program, illuminate his worldview, and reveal his hopes for acceptance of his work by his colleagues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A man of his country and his time: Jewish influences on Lev Semionovich Vygotsky's world view.

Lev Semionovich Vygotsky created the cultural-historical school of psychology, yet all too few of those writing about his work take into account the family, education, and cultural tradition from which he came. The authors contend that the Jewish nature of these elements was of some importance in forming his personality and his consciousness. The 1st part of the article traces his early upbringing, describes the Jewishness of his environment, notes 3 instances in which his "otherness" was imprinted on his consciousness, and points to the sources of his determination to forge a harmonious synthesis with his environment. The 2nd part examines his writings, both earlier journalistic and mature psychological, and points to evidence of the influence of his Jewish upbringing and environment on his work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Premature conclusions regarding Black and White suicide attempters: A reply to Steele.

The conclusion reached by R. E. Steele (see record 1978-27665-001) that his samples of Black and White suicide attempters were clinically similar is questioned, as is his inference that his results require a reexamination of the supposed need for separate Black and White psychologies. Specific criticisms are raised regarding some of the variables chosen by Steele for his comparisons, and the manner in which he chose to interpret his data. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Topical reversion at the HIS1 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A tale of three mutants

Mutants of the HIS1 locus of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are suitable reporters for spontaneous reversion events because most reversions are topical, that is, within the locus itself. Thirteen mutations of his1-1 now have been identified with respect to base sequence. Revertants of three mutants and their spontaneous reversion rates are presented: (1) a chain termination mutation (his1-208, née his1-1) that does not revert by mutations of tRNA loci and reverts only by intracodonic suppression; (2) a missense mutation (his1-798, née his1-7) that can revert by intragenic suppression by base substitutions of any sort, including a back mutation as well as one three-base deletion; and (3) a -1 frameshift mutation (his1-434, née his1-19) that only reverts topically by +1 back mutation, +1 intragenic suppression, or a -2 deletion. Often the +1 insertion is accompanied by base substitution events at one or both ends of a run of A's. Missense suppressors of his1-798 are either feeders or nonfeeders, and at four different locations within the locus, a single base substitution encoding an amino acid alteration will suffice to turn the nonfeeder phenotype into a feeder phenotype. Late-appearing revertants of his1-798 were found to be slowly growing leaky mutants rather than a manifestation of adaptive mutagenesis. Spontaneous revertants of his1-208 and his1-434 produced no late-arising colonies.     

David Shakow: Distinguished Professional Contribution Award.

Recognizes the receipt of the American Psychological Association's 1976 Distinguished Professional Contribution Award by David Shakow. The award citation reads: "In a career that spans almost five decades, his activities reflect his abiding concern with psychology's historical antecedents, his leadership in creating a training model for clinical psychology that would retain the unique quality that characterizes a psychologist, and his research contributions in the psychological study of schizophrenia. David Shakow by his imagination, by his influence on his many students--graduate and postdoctoral--as teacher and mentor, by his dedication to important scientific studies, by his advocacy of the coordinate role of researcher and practitioner for the clinical psychologist, and by his broad knowledge and commitment to humanistic values has indeed made a distinguished contribution to professional psychology." A biography and a listing of the recipient's scientific writings are also included. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stephen A. Mitchell, Relational Psychoanalysis, and Empirical Data.

Stephen A. Mitchell's theoretical writings are examined, with particular emphasis on his differences with drive theory, the consequences of his recommendation for greater involvement by the analyst, his (naive) trust in psychoanalytic self-correction, and the problems that follow from his belief that empirical data have little to contribute to psychoanalysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Todd R. Risley (1937-2007).

This obituary of Todd R. Risley explains his life in Alaska and his lifelong journey to eventually becoming a pioneer of applied behavior analysis. He was born in Alaska on September 8, 1937, and died in his home there on November 2, 2007, after returning from Minnesota for heart surgery. He credited some of his vigor and appreciation for the importance of change to his early days in the rugged territory of Alaska, where his father was a homesteader and railroad worker. Todd received his bachelor's degree from San Diego State College and his master's and doctoral degrees from the University of Washington. Todd applied the principles of behavior analysis to a variety of populations and settings. Todd felt that his most important work was his and Betty Hart's study of the language use of middle-class and low socioeconomic status (SES) families. He argued that the single most important parenting practice was for parents to talk as much as possible to their children about anything and everything and to require as much language use as possible back from them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Irvin Rock (1922-1995).

Irvin Rock was a distinguished perceptionist in the classical tradition: an influential theoretician of broad scope and a brilliant experimentalist who made landmark contributions to a wide variety of topics, including perceptual organization, adaptation, constancy, shape, motion, visual dominance, attention, and learning. Rock passed away June 18, 1995, of pancreatic cancer. In addition to his many research contributions, Rock was a beloved teacher, prized colleague, and inspirational role model to several generations of perceptual psychologists. Those who worked with him during his long and productive career will miss him deeply, not only for his brilliant theorizing and his ingenious experiments but also for his love of psychology and his profound humanity. His death has silenced his voice, but his ideas live on through his published legacy and his influence on the students, colleagues, and friends who were touched by his greatness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of patients' relationships with peers and staff on their psychiatric treatment.

"The major findings of this research is that a patient's relationship with his peers and his physician relate to the type of treatment program he receives as well or better than indices of his social class or his psychiatric diagnosis or prognosis." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Frank Lee Collins Jr. (1950–2009).

An accomplished academician and nationally prominent training director, Frank Lee Collins Jr. died unexpectedly on December 19, 2009, at age 58, in Dallas, Texas. Born December 30, 1950, in Charlotte, North Carolina, Frank spent his childhood moving with his Air Force family throughout the United States and overseas. He received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Northwestern State University in Louisiana. He completed his doctoral work in clinical psychology at Auburn University under Leonard Epstein, graduating in 1980. He received numerous honors recognizing his contributions to education and training, including awards from CUDCP, the Association of Psychology Training Clinics, and the Society of Pediatric Psychology (APA Division 54). Frank effectively articulated the role of scientifically based broad and general training in professional psychology. He is survived by his wife Jennifer Callahan, his daughter Erin Collins, his stepdaughter Ali Dittloff, his parents Frank and Evelyn Collins, and his siblings and their families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Freud's shift from the seduction theory: Some overlooked reality factors.

Suggests that unconscious pressures guided Freud in the further development of his thought beyond the seduction theory; however, significant conscious reasons led him to the insufficiency of that theory as a complete explanation for hysteria. Freud's evidence had not come from spontaneous expressions by patients of their childhood sexual abuse but from his pressing his theory on them. Furthermore, he then found himself no better able to explain his patients' behavior than his colleagues with other theories. Most particularly, all these patients left his care, and he was confronted with a collapse of his practice. He nonetheless continued both clinically and theoretically to take account of patients' spontaneous reports of childhood sexual abuse. Freud's negative reaction to S. Ferenczi (1933) on this subject was strongly influenced by Freud's knowledge of Ferenczi's personal problems, including Ferenczi's sexual play with his medical patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A draft of Lethe: A neglected statement from the works of Sigmund Freud.

The myth of Oedipus plays an important role in psychoanalysis. Freud's relationship with his mother influenced his theoretical insights and the development of his approach to analysis. But a careful reading of Freud's letters to Wilhelm Fliess shows that it is highly probable that it was not Freud's mother, but his father who was the decisive factor in his life and works. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Freud, father, and mother: Quantitative aspects.

The frequency with which Freud used father and mother in his psychological writings was investigated. Overall, he used father much more frequently than mother. This difference began with those writings that followed his father's death and his self-analysis. A most striking, though transitory, reversal followed immediately upon the death of his mother. The data suggest that Freud blended objective, scientific, and sublimated, personal issues in his parental psychology. An ancillary result shows the yearly creation of the pages of his psychological writings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Diminished ability to interpret and report internal states after bilateral medial temporal resection: Case H.M.

Conducted 2 experiments on a 54-yr-old man who became amnesic when he was 27 yrs old following a bilateral resection in the medial temporal lobe region for epilepsy. To document the clinical reports that he rarely commented on such internal states as pain, hunger, and thirst, his thermal pain perception was examined in relation to his other somatosensory capacities, and his reports of hunger and thirst were assessed before and after meals. To investigate the effect of limited memory ability on the reporting of internal states, S's performance was compared with that of 5 other Ss (aged 22–48 yrs) with global amnesia. 19 22–74 yr old normal controls were also assessed. Results show that S's information about his internal states was less available or less accessible than normal and that his impairment was not attributable to his memory deficit. Instead, it is believed that the bilateral resection of the amygdala accounted for S's poor understanding of his internal states. (41 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Paul Randolph Farnsworth (1899-1978).

This obituary for Paul Randolph Farnsworth (1899-1978) notes his accomplishments in the psychology of music at Stanford, his iconoclastic behaviorism, his work on the historical philosophical underpinnings of the various schools of psychology, and his publication with sociologist Richard La Piere of the textbook Social Psychology. After World War II, Farnsworth was elected president of APA Division 10 (Psychology and the Arts), and from 1956 to 1968 he was editor of the Annual Review of Psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)