正方晶格光子晶体第一带隙特性研究

由于光子晶体的禁带特性具有重要的应用,基于电磁波传输理论,应用MATLAB数值仿真二维正方晶格光子晶体TE模第一带隙特性,数值计算了介电常数变化、填充率变化对第一带隙宽度及形成带隙个数的影响,结果得到随着介电常数的增加第一带隙宽度增加,随着填充率的增加,第一带隙宽度逐渐减小。研究结论为光子晶体器件的制作提供参考。     

太赫兹波在二维正方晶格光子晶体中的传播特性

本文用平面波展开法研究了太赫兹波(THz)在二维正方晶格光子晶体中的传播特性。分析了晶格常数为a=0.1mm的正方晶格介质柱二维光子晶体,在0~1.8THz频段范围内,通过数值计算,发现当介质圆柱半径r=0.2a时,E偏振出现最大绝对光子带隙,带隙位于0.283-0.400THz,带隙宽度为0.117THz,相应的带隙波长范围为84.9μm至120μm,处于THz波段,并分析了随着相对介电常数差值的增大出现的TM带隙宽度增大。研究结果为THz器件的开发提供了理论依据。     

方形空芯光子晶体光纤的特性分析

利用全矢量有限元法,分析了方形空芯光子晶体光纤的色散特性、纤芯内的能量分布和有效模面积.结果表明,方形空芯光子晶体光纤在1.67～1.81 μm范围内具有较平坦的色散特性,较高的能量分布和较大的有效模面积,为进一步设计具有平坦色散和大模场面积的方形空芯光子晶体光纤提供了理论依据和参考.     

Highly birefringent and monomode GaAlAs-GaAs planar optical waveguide

A novel optical waveguide exhibiting a layered core region is proposed. Owing to the original design of the core stack and form birefringence in the multilayer, a waveguide supporting both TE and TM lowest-order modes with high confinement has been obtained. It has been designed, fabricated, and characterized and presents a modal birefringence greater than 0.01, which is in good agreement with the calculated values.     

Linewidth and modulation response of two-dimensional microcavity photonic crystal lattice defect lasers

Linewidth and small-signal modulation response measurements are reported for room-temperature-operating microcavity two-dimensional photonic crystal lasers. The measured optical linewidth versus the output power was found to saturate at values on the order of 1 GHz. The modulation bandwidth for these low-power lasers was demonstrated to be on the order of 10 GHz.     

Polarization mode control of two-dimensional photonic crystal laser having a square lattice structure

We investigate in detail control methods of polarization mode in a two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystal laser. In order to control the polarization mode using the square lattice, we investigate the eigenmode of the electromagnetic field against the possible symmetry groups of a square lattice. Both the electromagnetic field distributions of lasing oscillation mode and the band diagram are significantly influenced by the symmetry groups. In the case of the square lattice structure, symmetries "p1", "pm", "p2", and "pmm" are suitable for obtaining the unidirectional polarization mode. Among these symmetry groups, the symmetry group "pmm" is especially interesting considering the simplicity of the eigenmode of the electromagnetic field. In order to obtain the symmetry group "pmm", we deform the unit cell structure of a square lattice from circular to elliptical and investigate the properties of symmetry group "pmm" in detail. The elliptical ratio of the unit cell structure can modify the coupling balance of a lightwave propagating in two perpendicular in-plane directions and can control the eigen energy of each band edge.     

Quantum dot photonic crystal lasers

Coupled cavity designs on two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal slabs were used to demonstrate optically pumped indium arsenide quantum dot photonic crystal lasers at room temperature. Threshold pump powers of 120 and 370 μW were observed for coupled cavities including two and four defect cavities defined in optimised photonic crystals     

Optimal design for one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide

This paper proposes a logical method to design and optimize one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs). The logic is deduced from practical issues such as the fabrication of the waveguide structures and the subsequent optical coupling to other conventional waveguides. It is found that the individual layer thickness of an optimally designed PCW is exactly one quarter of the projection of the effective wavelength in the direction perpendicular to the layer plane. The paper also describes a handy way of finding the thickness of the central guiding layer of a symmetric waveguide. In order to demonstrate that the proposed logic and schemes are indeed functional, detailed numerical calculations are provided for a model PCW structure composed of a GaAs-AlAs-oxide system and an air-guiding layer.     

Multimode interference-based photonic crystal waveguide power splitter

A compact power splitter based on the multimode interference (MMI) effect in photonic crystal waveguides is designed and analyzed. The device size reduction compared with the conventional MMI power splitter can be attributed to the large dispersion of the photonic crystal waveguides. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Photonic-Bands code is used to calculate the band structures of photonic crystal waveguides. The finite-difference time-domain method is adopted to simulate the relevant structures.     

Large dispersion in photonic crystal waveguide resonator

Group delay and chromatic dispersion of a Fabry-Perot resonator embedded in a photonic crystal waveguide have been directly measured at 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelength using the phase-shift technique. The photonic crystal waveguide resonator was fabricated in an InGaAsP/InP heterostructure and was designed to show a channel spacing of 100 GHz. Group velocity dispersion up to 250 ps/nm was observed.     

Highly birefringent index-guiding photonic crystal fibers

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer new possibilities of realizing highly birefringent fibers due to a higher intrinsic index contrast compared to conventional fibers. In this letter, we analyze theoretically the levels of birefringence that can be expected using relatively simple PCF designs. While extremely high degrees of birefringence may be obtained for the fibers, we demonstrate that careful design with respect to multimode behavior must be performed. We further discuss the cutoff properties of birefringent PCFs and present experimental results in agreement with theoretical predictions on both single- and multimode behavior and on levels of birefringence     

Room-temperature operation of VCSEL-pumped photonic crystal lasers

Room-temperature operation of two-dimensional photonic crystal lasers optically pumped by a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser emitting at 860 nm is reported. The photonic crystal membrane is surrounded by air on both sides and consists of four compressively strained quantum wells as the active region. The incident threshold pump power of an approximately 2.6-μm-diameter hexagonal defect cavity laser operating at 1.6 μm is 2.4 mW     

Tunable GaInNAs lasers with photonic crystal mirrors

We present results of tunable GaInNAs lasers with photonic crystal (PhQ mirrors, fabricated from GaAs-AlGaAs layers with a double GaInNAs quantum well emitting at IR wavelength. The devices are realized as ridge waveguide lasers with two coupled segments and a total length between 240 and 580 pm. PhC blocks with different thicknesses are used for the back and front mirror as well as for the intermediate reflector between the two segments. The lasers have threshold currents around 20 mA and output powers up to 6 mW. Tuning of the laser emission over 30 nm is achieved by a variation of the currents injected into the two segments.     

长方格子光子晶体带隙特性

基于平面波展开法,以长方格子光子晶体带隙特性为研究对象,改变长方格子空气圆柱半轴a和b的大小,得到当a=b时形成较宽的光子带隙,随着b的增大,光子带隙逐渐减小.改变构成长方格子光子晶体基底的材料,得到Ge构成基底时形成较宽的光子带隙.研究结果为光子晶体器件的制作提供参考.     

Coupled-defect photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Photonic crystal patterns containing two defects were fabricated within a large gain area in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. By designing effective refractive index changes in the region between the defects through cavity shifts caused by photonic crystals, it was possible to coherently couple laser light output from the defects. This enables a novel way to fabricate coherently coupled laser arrays.     

Characteristics of modified single-defect two-dimensional photonic crystal lasers

The resonant modes found in a modified single-defect two-dimensional photonic crystal slab structure are theoretically and experimentally studied. There exist several modes in the band gap: doubly degenerate (dipole and quadrupole modes) and nondegenerate (hexapole and monopole modes). Among them, the monopole mode specifically attracts our interest because of its nondegeneracy, good coupling with the gain medium, and existence of the intensity minimum at the center of the cavity, which would open up the chance for the electrically driven single-defect laser. The nondegenerate hexapole mode, a special type of whispering gallery mode, has a very high quality factor. We have fabricated two types of modified single-defect lasers, i.e., air-based free-standing and SiO/sub 2/-based epoxy-bonded structures. Rich lasing actions in both structures are experimentally observed under optically pulsed pumping conditions at room temperature. In the free-standing slab structure, photons are strongly confined in vertical direction, and the lasing operations of all resonant modes with low thresholds are obtained. Especially, the nondegenerate monopole-mode laser is confirmed to have a large spontaneous emission factor of >0.06, estimated by analyzing rate equations. In the SiO/sub 2/-based slab structure, thermal properties are improved at the expense of vertical losses.     

蜂巢晶格光子晶体带隙特性研究

为了得到蜂巢晶格光子晶体带隙特性,本文基于电磁传播规律的时域有限差分法,数值模拟得到不同半导体材料构成蜂巢晶格二维光子晶体对应的第一带隙宽度,结果显示随着介电常数的增加,模拟得到第一带隙上下边界频率向低频方向移动,带隙宽度逐渐增加,对于高介电常数的PbS、PbSe和PbTe构成蜂巢晶格二维光子晶体情况反之。研究结论为不同材料构成光子晶体材料的特性提供依据。     

Research on resonant ring-modified photonic crystal line-defect slow-light waveguide

This paper presents a photonic crystal（PhC） line-defect slow-light waveguide modified by resonant rings. We introduce resonant rings into the line defect, constructing a slow-light waveguide with high normalized delay bandwidth product（NDBP） and low group velocity dispersion（GVD）. We simulate, analyze, and optimize the structural parameters of this slow-light waveguide using the finite difference time domain（FDTD） method, theoretically achieving a maximum group index of 3.7, maximum bandwidth of 15.6 nm, and maximum NDBP of 0.441 6 for slow-light effect. The resonant ring-modified PhC slow-light waveguide designed in this paper exhibits GVD lower than the order of 10^-20 s²/m over a normalized frequency range from 0.355 4 to 0.417 5. This study is expected to provide theoretical references for the study of slow-light buffering devices based on PhCs with high NDBP values.     

Tunable photonic crystal waveguide coupler with nematic liquid crystals

Photonic crystals (PCs) have great potential in applications for their ability to control lightwave propagation and the possibilities of implementing PC-based optical waveguide into waveguide coupler systems. In this letter, the novel tunable PC waveguide coupler based on nematic liquid crystals is proposed, and its coupling properties are numerically investigated by using the finite-difference time-domain method. The coupling length of PC waveguide couplers with liquid crystals is shorter than the coupling length of coupler without liquid crystals at the same input wavelength. The refractive indexes of liquid crystals can be changed by rotating the directors of liquid crystals. Then, we can control the direction of light propagation in PC waveguide coupler. These results may provide novel application of switching devices in optical circuits.     

光子晶体慢光波导色散曲线的FDTD计算

首先介绍了光子晶体的原理,以及光子晶体波导在现代光通信中的应用.设计了一种新型的光子晶体慢光波导结构,基于麦克斯韦方程利用有限时域差分法对光子晶体慢光波导的色散关系进行分析,并利用FDTD进行仿真验证.