复杂网络理论在彩色图像分割中的应用研究

图像分割在许多图像处理应用中具有重要作用。为提高彩色图像分割效果,更好的表示图像信息,利用复杂网络理论对彩色图像分割进行研究,从网络社团结构模型的角度分析图像,提出一种更为清晰的彩色图像分割表述方法。根据彩色图像中各像素点之间的相似性构造图像的网络社团结构图,实现对图像数据的建模,之后利用谱聚类社团划分算法对较好的网络社团结构图进行社团检测,进而实现对图像相似像素的聚类,最后得到图像分割结果。在BSDS300图像库上随机选取不同的彩色图像进行实验,通过对图像分割结果的分析研究,结果表明提出的算法在精度方面优于传统彩色图像分割算法,可以实现更好的分割结果,同时验证了社团划分算法进行彩色图像分割的可行性和有效性。     

Hand image segmentation using color and RCE neural network

This paper presents a color segmentation method based on RCE neural network for hand image segmentation in the gesture-based human–service robot interaction system. The study on skin color distributions in different color spaces indicates that skin colors cluster in a small region in a color space. The RCE neural network characterizes the skin color distribution region using skin color prototypes together with their spherical influence fields during training stage, and identifies the skin regions in the color image during running stage. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of this method for the segmentation of various hand images as well as general color images with complex backgrounds.     

基于K-L变换和神经网络分类的微钙化点检测新方法

目前一般的乳腺X光片微钙化点检测系统大致都包括:图像预处理和分割;病理图像的特征提取和分类;辅助诊断和分析等几个步骤,其中神经网络经常用于特征提取和分类阶段。为了提高神经网络的分类能力,需要采用最具代表性的特征作为分类系统的输入部分,而且采用的特征数目要有利于最有效的特征提取,否则会使分类的效率大打折扣。所以分类系统一个重要的任务是对神经网络的输入样本集进行训练和特征值的优化,本文采用K-L变换用于降低输入特征向量的维数,从而达到参数优化的目的。试验表明,该方法可以有效地提高系统的灵敏度,降低诊断的假阳性。     

Bi-branch deconvolution-based convolutional neural network for image classification

With the rise of deep neural network, convolutional neural networks show superior performances on many different computer vision recognition tasks. The convolution is used as one of the most efficient ways for extracting the details features of an image, while the deconvolution is mostly used for semantic segmentation and significance detection to obtain the contour information of the image and rarely used for image classification. In this paper, we propose a novel network named bi-branch deconvolution-based convolutional neural network (BB-deconvNet), which is constructed by mainly stacking a proposed simple module named Zoom. The Zoom module has two branches to extract multi-scale features from the same feature map. Especially, the deconvolution is borrowed to one of the branches, which can provide distinct features differently from regular convolution through the zoom of learned feature maps. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed network, we conduct several experiments on three object classification benchmarks (CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, SVHN). The BB-deconvNet shows encouraging performances compared with other state-of-the-art deep CNNs.     

Computer-aided diagnosis of human brain tumor through MRI: A survey and a new algorithm

Computer-aided detection/diagnosis (CAD) systems can enhance the diagnostic capabilities of physicians and reduce the time required for accurate diagnosis. The objective of this paper is to review the recent published segmentation and classification techniques and their state-of-the-art for the human brain magnetic resonance images (MRI). The review reveals the CAD systems of human brain MRI images are still an open problem. In the light of this review we proposed a hybrid intelligent machine learning technique for computer-aided detection system for automatic detection of brain tumor through magnetic resonance images. The proposed technique is based on the following computational methods; the feedback pulse-coupled neural network for image segmentation, the discrete wavelet transform for features extraction, the principal component analysis for reducing the dimensionality of the wavelet coefficients, and the feed forward back-propagation neural network to classify inputs into normal or abnormal. The experiments were carried out on 101 images consisting of 14 normal and 87 abnormal (malignant and benign tumors) from a real human brain MRI dataset. The classification accuracy on both training and test images is 99% which was significantly good. Moreover, the proposed technique demonstrates its effectiveness compared with the other machine learning recently published techniques. The results revealed that the proposed hybrid approach is accurate and fast and robust. Finally, possible future directions are suggested.     

Segmentation of multispectral MR images through an annealed rough neural network

In this paper, multispectral image segmentation using a rough neural network based on an annealed strategy with a cooling schedule is created. The main purpose is to embed an annealed cooling schedule into the rough neural network to construct a segmentation system named annealed rough neural net (ARNN). The classification system is a paradigm for the implementation of annealed reasoning and rough systems in neural network architecture. Instead of all the information in the image are fed into the neural network, the upper- and lower-bound gray level, captured from a training vector in a multispectral image, were fed into a rough neuron in the ARNN. Therefore, only 2-channel images are selected as the training samples if an N-dimensional multispectral image was used. In the simulation results, the proposed network not only reduces the consuming time but also reserves the classification performance.     

Model-based detection,segmentation, and classification for image analysis using on-line shape learning

Detection, segmentation, and classification of specific objects are the key building blocks of a computer vision system for image analysis. This paper presents a unified model-based approach to these three tasks. It is based on using unsupervised learning to find a set of templates specific to the objects being outlined by the user. The templates are formed by averaging the shapes that belong to a particular cluster, and are used to guide a probabilistic search through the space of possible objects. The main difference from previously reported methods is the use of on-line learning, ideal for highly repetitive tasks. This results in faster and more accurate object detection, as system performance improves with continued use. Further, the information gained through clustering and user feedback is used to classify the objects for problems in which shape is relevant to the classification. The effectiveness of the resulting system is demonstrated in two applications: a medical diagnosis task using cytological images, and a vehicle recognition task. Received: 5 November 2000 / Accepted: 29 June 2001 Correspondence to: K.-M. Lee     

新型融合方法的医学图像预处理和分类

为在尿沉渣的复杂环境中提取适合神经网络识别的图像信息,满足医学检测和分类的准确性要求,提出一种改进型卷积网络(improved convolution neural networks,ICNNs)的图像融合预处理方法。经过融合与重构,得到符合R、G、B要求的高质量射频多光谱信息图像。对比其它预处理方法与神经网络集成的识别分类数据可知,多种尿沉渣成分的识别率得到了显著提高,由聚堆问题引起的识别分类干扰持续下降。ICNNs与BPNNs(back propagation neural networks)集成方法的仿真实验结果表明了ICNNs图像融合预处理方法的先进性,以及ICNNs与BP识别神经网络集成的有效性和鲁棒性。     

卷积神经网络在生物医学图像上的应用进展

生物医学成像领域的迅速发展引起相关图像信息的爆炸式增长,对其图像进行人工智能辅助分析日益成为科学研究、临床应用、即时诊断等领域的迫切需求。近年来深度学习,尤其是卷积神经网络在生物医学图像分析领域取得广泛应用,在生物医学图像的信息提取,包括细胞分类、检测,生理及病理图像的分割、检测等领域发挥日益重要的作用。介绍了深度学习及卷积神经网络相关技术的发展;重点针对近几年卷积神经网络在细胞生物学图像、医学图像领域的应用进展进行了梳理;对卷积神经网络在生物医学图像分析领域研究目前存在的问题及可能的发展方向进行了展望。     

基于超像素和深度神经网络的高压输电线路环境检测

高压输电线路通道环境对高压线路的安全性影响重大,以往都是采用人工对高压输电线路通道环境进行巡检,人工检测作业危险,效率低,难度大.因此,本文提出基于超像素和深度神经网络的航拍高压输电线路环境检测的方法.首先,采用无人机对高压输电线路通道环境航拍,将视频图像进行拼接,得到通道环境的整体图像,然后使用超像素分割算法实现图像的预分割, SURF描述子具有速度快、特性鲁棒性好,因此本文采用SURF描述子提取超像素特征向量,最后采用DNN模型对提取的超像素特征进行训练,对待检测的超像素块进行分类,从而达到检测的目的.通过本算法的应用,电力部门提高了无人机巡视特高压输电通道环境的巡检效率且验证了本算法的有效性.     

Brain tumor detection based on hybrid deep neural network in MRI by adaptive squirrel search optimization

In the medical field, image segmentation is a paramount and challenging task. The head and vertebral column make up the central nervous system (CNS), which control all the paramount functions. These include thinking, speaking, and gestures. The uncontrolled growth in the CNS can affect a person’s thinking of communication or movement. The tumor is known as the uncontrolled growth of cells in brain. The tumor can be recognized by MRI image. Brain tumor detection is mostly affected with inaccurate classification. This proposed work designed a novel classification and segmentation algorithm for the brain tumor detection. The proposed system uses the Adaptive fuzzy deep neural network with frog leap optimization to detect normality and abnormality of the image. Accurate classification is achieved with error minimization strategy through our proposed method. Then, the abnormal image is segmented using adaptive flying squirrel algorithm and the size of the tumor is detected, which is used to find out the severity of the tumor. The proposed work is implemented in the MATLAB simulation platform. The proposed work Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate and false negative rate are 99.6%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 0.0043 and 0.543, respectively. The detection accuracy is better in our proposed system than the existing teaching and learning based algorithm, social group algorithm and deep neural network.

     

Color image segmentation using feedforward neural networks with FCM

This paper proposes a hybrid technique for color image segmentation. First an input image is converted to the image of CIE L*a*b* color space. The color features “a” and “b” of CIE L*a*b* are then fed into fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering which is an unsupervised method. The labels obtained from the clustering method FCM are used as a target of the supervised feed forward neural network. The network is trained by the Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation algorithm, and evaluates its performance using mean square error and regression analysis. The main issues of clustering methods are determining the number of clusters and cluster validity measures. This paper presents a method namely co-occurrence matrix based algorithm for finding the number of clusters and silhouette index values that are used for cluster validation. The proposed method is tested on various color images obtained from the Berkeley database. The segmentation results from the proposed method are validated and the classification accuracy is evaluated by the parameters sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.     

基于对象位置线索的弱监督图像语义分割方法

深度卷积神经网络使用像素级标注,在图像语义分割任务中取得了优异的分割性能.然而,获取像素级标注是一项耗时并且代价高的工作.为了解决这个问题,提出一种基于图像级标注的弱监督图像语义分割方法.该方法致力于使用图像级标注获取有效的伪像素标注来优化分割网络的参数.该方法分为3个步骤：（1）首先,基于分类与分割共享的网络结构,通过空间类别得分（图像二维空间上像素点的类别得分）对网络特征层求导,获取具有类别信息的注意力图;（2）采用逐次擦除法产生显著图,用于补充注意力图中缺失的对象位置信息;（3）融合注意力图与显著图来生成伪像素标注并训练分割网络.在PASCAL VOC 2012分割数据集上的一系列对比实验,证明了该方法的有效性及其优秀的分割性能.     

Combining shape, texture and intensity features for cell nuclei extraction in Pap smear images

In this work, we present an automated method for the detection and boundary determination of cells nuclei in conventional Pap stained cervical smear images. The detection of the candidate nuclei areas is based on a morphological image reconstruction process and the segmentation of the nuclei boundaries is accomplished with the application of the watershed transform in the morphological color gradient image, using the nuclei markers extracted in the detection step. For the elimination of false positive findings, salient features characterizing the shape, the texture and the image intensity are extracted from the candidate nuclei regions and a classification step is performed to determine the true nuclei. We have examined the performance of two unsupervised (K-means, spectral clustering) and a supervised (Support Vector Machines, SVM) classification technique, employing discriminative features which were selected with a feature selection scheme based on the minimal-Redundancy-Maximal-Relevance criterion. The proposed method was evaluated on a data set of 90 Pap smear images containing 10,248 recognized cell nuclei. Comparisons with the segmentation results of a gradient vector flow deformable (GVF) model and a region based active contour model (ACM) are performed, which indicate that the proposed method produces more accurate nuclei boundaries that are closer to the ground truth.     

快速在线主动学习的图像自动分割算法*

提出经前馈神经网络快速在线学习、构建像素分类模型进行图像分割的算法。首先利用谱残差法计算像素显著度,通过对少数高显著度点的分布进行多尺度分析,获得符合人眼视觉特性的显著图和注视区域。然后从注视区域和非注视区域随机抽样构成由正负样本像素组成的训练集,在线训练一个两分类的随机权前馈神经网络模型。最后使用该模型分类全图像素,实现图像分割。实验表明,文中算法在谱残差法基础上提升对图像中显著目标的分割性能,分割结果与人类视觉感知匹配度较好。     

基于区域分割的水下目标实时识别系统

提出了一种基于最优阈值分割算法的水下目标自动实时识别系统。该系统首先运用去噪、图像均衡等方法对实时摄取的水下图像进行预处理。然后运用基于遗传算法优化的 Otsu(即大津方法)最优阈值分割算法对所得图像进行区域分割并提取图像的特征向量。最后采用 BP 神经网络对提取的特征向量进行自动分类从而最终确定了水下目标的类型。水槽仿真试验表明该方法能够在恶劣的环境下自动地检测水下目标,而且该方法具有较强的抗光线干扰能力和较高的准确度。     

神经网络集成模型在入侵检测中的应用

入侵检测是网络安全研究中的热点。提出了一种用于入侵检测的神经网络集成模型。该模型采用神经网络集成分类技术,去除训练集中的冗余数据,利用遗传算法优化成员网络的权值,在此基础上训练成员网络,最终通过神经网络对成员网络的输出结果进行融合。理论和实验表明,模型具有较好的检测能力。     

基于U-Net的高分辨率遥感图像语义分割方法

图像分割是遥感解译的重要基础环节,高分辨率遥感图像中包含复杂的地物目标信息,传统分割方法应用受到极大限制,以深度卷积神经网络为代表的分割方法在诸多领域取得了突破进展。针对高分辨遥感图像分割问题,提出一种基于U-Net改进的深度卷积神经网络,实现了端到端的像素级语义分割。对原始数据集做了扩充,对每一类地物目标训练一个二分类模型,随后将各预测子图组合生成最终语义分割图像。采用了集成学习策略来提高分割精度,在“CCF卫星影像的AI分类与识别竞赛”数据集上取得了94%的训练准确率和90%的测试准确率。实验结果表明,该网络在拥有较高分割准确率的同时还具有良好的泛化能力,能够用于实际工程。     

An oscillatory network model with controllable synchronization and a neuromorphic dynamical method of information processing

A spatially two-dimensional oscillatory neural network model with inhomogeneous modifiable oscillatory coupling is designed and an adaptive dynamical method of brightness image segmentation (image reconstruction) based on self-organized cluster synchronization in the oscillatory network is developed. The method imitates the known phenomenon of dynamical binding via synchronization that is presumably used by a number of the brain neural structures in their work. The oscillatory-network approach demonstrates the following capabilities: (1) high-quality segmentation of real grey-level and color images; (2) selective image segmentation (exclusion of unnecessary information); (3) solution of the simplest problem of object selection in a visual scene—the problem of the successive selection of all spatially separated image fragments of almost equal brightness.