耐高温铝液腐蚀-磨损材料的研究进展

综述了耐高温铝液腐蚀-磨损材料的发展现状,对目前国内外的耐高温铝液腐蚀-磨损材料的选用、抗铝合金熔液腐蚀以及摩擦磨损的研究新进展进行了评述。指出了高温合金、金属间化合物和陶瓷/金属复合材料是耐高温铝液腐蚀-磨损材料的重点研究方向。     

金属铝液对电磁泵用SiC陶瓷的侵蚀

研究了电磁泵升液管用粘土结合碳化硅材料在高温铝液中的抗铝液侵蚀性能,用XRD分析试样侵蚀层的相组成,用扫描电子显微镜观察试样侵蚀层的显微结构。结果表明:随铝液温度的提高,碳化硅材料抗铝液侵蚀能力显著降低。随侵蚀时间增长,侵蚀层厚度增加。铝液对粘土结合碳化硅侵蚀属于晶间腐蚀。     

耐铝及其合金熔体腐蚀磨损材料的研究进展（英文）

铝及其合金熔体引起的腐蚀磨损导致的材料失效是铝工业中一个非常普遍的难题。综述包括铁合金及陶瓷等材料在铝液中的腐蚀磨损行为及在液态金属中的腐蚀-磨损试验设备。在阐述单一的液态金属腐蚀和磨损机理的基础上,分析腐蚀磨损的协同效应。综合讨论由于摩擦副旋转导致的铝液动态搅拌、液态铝物理性质以及晶粒尺寸等因素对铝液腐蚀-磨损性能的影响。最后,总结耐铝液腐蚀磨损材料应该具备的基本特征。根据本课题组已有研究成果,特别是Ti Al3/Ti3Al C2/Al2O3这种金属/陶瓷复合材料的优异耐铝液腐蚀磨损性能,展望具有连续相互穿插结构陶瓷/金属复合材料在铝液腐蚀磨损环境中的应用前景。     

陶瓷-金属-合金三层复合材料坩埚的液态成形法研究

采用黑刚玉为陶瓷，过共析钢为基体金属，硅铁为合金构成三层复合材料坩埚。目的分别是抵抗铝金属液体的浸蚀，使材料具有一定强度且能抵抗高温气体的氧化。金属粉涂料作用在于连接陶瓷和金属基体，复合材料坩埚经液态成形法一次制成。与目前普遍使用的中硅球铁相比，其抗铝液浸蚀的能力可以提高10倍以上。     

高铝矾土—碳化硅陶瓷过滤器耐铁液侵蚀能力的研究

研究了碳化硅加入量、铁液温度和液流速度对高铝矾土—碳化硅陶瓷过滤器在铁液—熔渣系中的抗侵蚀能力的影响。结果表明,加入５％ＳｉＣ的高铝矾土陶瓷过滤器的抗铁液侵蚀能力明显提高。     

金属液渗流法制造铸铁/陶瓷复合材料的研究

通过铸造方法使金属液渗入粗颗粒陶瓷预制体间隙，并借助金属液凝固使陶瓷固结在金属表面，铸造后，再向粗陶瓷颗粒间隙渗入陶瓷浆料，并入炉烧结，从而在铸铁表面形成高结合强度的金属陶瓷复合材料。     

粉煤灰泡沫陶瓷铝基复合材料凝固组织的研究

以粉煤灰泡沫陶瓷为增强体,基体材料为Al-Si共晶铝硅合金和Al-23Si过共晶铝硅合金,采用压铸工艺制备了泡沫陶瓷铝基复合材料.通过光学金相分析,研究了不同浇注温度下,复合材料的界面结合以及泡沫陶瓷骨架对材料凝固组织的影响.结果表明:随着浇注温度的升高,铝合金的充型能力提高,但晶粒尺寸也会增加;共晶铝硅合金与过共晶铝硅合金均能制备出界面结合良好的复合材料:泡沫陶瓷骨架对两种基体合金凝固时均有形核基底的作用.     

复合石墨组织铸铁抗铝液侵蚀的机理及应用

石墨与铝合金熔液之间润湿性差，在有限铝液高度时，铝液对灰铸铁石墨片之间的铁组织的侵蚀也可忽略。可利用具有片状组织的灰铸铁抵抗铝液侵蚀；将铸件内层设计为球墨铸铁以利用其高温强度性能；该复合层铸铁件可用铸造方法一次获得。试验结果证实了复合石墨铸铁用于处理铝合金熔液的装置是可靠的。     

炼铁合金感应炉用Al2O3基复合耐火材料的研究

以刚玉和电熔镁砂为原料,采用干式捣打法制得了含镁铝尖晶石的复合耐火材料,探讨了添加Cr2O3,粉及ZrO2粉对材料性能的影响,XRD结果表明,产物的物相组成为MA,采用静态侵蚀法对试样进行抗侵蚀试验.结果表明,以刚玉和电熔镁砂为原料制得的复合材料,具有较高的耐压强度和抗侵蚀能力;添加Cr2O3粉比添加ZrO2粉具有明显的提高材料性能的效果.     

Mo-ZrO2合金的抗玻璃熔液侵蚀性能研究

采用球磨法、固-液合成法结合粉末冶金工艺制备了Mo-ZrO₂合金,并进行了抗玻璃熔液侵蚀试验,研究了ZrO₂掺杂量对合金组织及其抗玻璃熔液侵蚀性能的影响。结果表明,ZrO₂对钼晶粒细化明显,且在高温玻璃熔液侵蚀下,阻碍钼晶粒长大;掺杂ZrO₂使玻璃熔液侵蚀深度大幅度的降低;界面形貌分析表明,Mo-ZrO₂合金良好的抗玻璃熔液侵蚀性能得益于钼基体与第二相颗粒ZrO₂间抗侵蚀的“协同效应”,ZrO₂钉扎了晶界从而细化了基体金属的晶粒,阻挡玻璃熔液对钼基体的侵蚀,钼基体支撑ZrO₂颗粒,防止陶瓷相剥落。     

熔铝灰铁坩埚的腐蚀与防护

详细论述了熔铝灰铁坩埚的氧化腐蚀、铝液腐蚀及其腐蚀机制,介绍了能够提高灰铁坩埚抗高温氧化能力的铸态表面合金化法和能够提高灰铁坩埚抗铝液腐蚀能力的调整成分法与浸渗保护法,这些方法通过减少腐蚀贞坩埚表面向基体内部发展的各种“通道”,有效地改善了灰坩埚抗腐蚀性能,提高了坩埚使用寿命。     

预熔渣用于铸铁液脱硫的试验研究

对预熔精炼渣用于铸铁铁液脱硫进行试验研究的结果表明,由于预熔精炼渣熔点低,渣的流动性好,有利于脱硫反应,脱硫速度快,脱硫效果好,适合用于铸铁铁液脱硫。由于脱硫渣对包衬的侵蚀速度较快,所以需采取必要的防护措施。     

工艺参数对液态铝与钢界面层及其性能的影响

采用复合凝固的工艺方法 ,研究了工艺参数对钢与铝复合结构的组织与性能的影响。结果表明 ,在良好的工艺及铝合金成分的条件下 ,利用钢中的铁向液态铝合金中的有限溶解及铁和铝在界面处的相互扩散 ,可得到性能良好的钢与铝复合结构     

Corrosion behavior of iron-aluminum alloys and its composite steel in sulfuric acid

The corrosion behavior of an iron-aluminum alloy with bcc structure and a composite of an iron-aluminum and a steel was studied in H₂SO₄ solution. The corrosion resistance deteriorates with increasing aluminum content of an iron-aluminum alloy. XPS measurements showed a magnetite formation on the corroded surface and a preferential corrosion of iron. The corrosion resistance for the composite of an iron-aluminum alloy and a CrMo steel is comparable to that of a CrMo steel. This implies that a corrosion-resistant composite is achievable by controlling the aluminum content of the Fe-Al alloy without the additives.     

Erosion resistance of Fe-C-Cr weld surfacing layers

Fe-C-Cr weld surfacing layers with different compositions and microstructures can be obtained by submerged arc welding with welding wire of the low carbon steel and high alloy bonded flux. With the increase of Cr and C in the layers the microstructures are changed from hypoeutectoid steel, hypereutectoid steel to hypoeutectic iron and hypereutectic iron. When the weld surfacing layers belong to the alloyed cast irons the erosion resistance can be raised with the eutectic increase and the austenite decrease. Good erosion resistance can be obtained when the proportion of the primary carbides is within 10 %. The experimental results lay a foundation to make double-metal percussive plates by surfacing wear resistant layers on the substrates of the low carbon steels.     

Properties of springs fabricated from steel molten from metallized pellets

The properties of springs depend considerably on the metallurgical quality of the steel. Melting on the base of directly reduced iron diminishes the content of admixtures in the steel. The present work concerns the mechanical properties and fracture resistance of steel 60S2G-PV melted with the use of directly reduced iron, and the operational properties of fabricated springs. It is shown that the use of steel with enhanced purity for the production of springs increases their crack resistance and static and dynamic strength. Translated from Metallovedenie i TErmicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 18–20, July, 2000.     

铸铁坩埚材料在高温熔铝中腐蚀的金相分析

对不同钢铁材料进行浸镀铝试验,采用金相分析研究了不同钢铁材料在高温铝液下的腐蚀特点,提出了钢铁材料中高碳相的形态与数量对其抗高温铝液腐蚀能力有着重要影响的观点。并对几种钢铁材料的抗铝液腐蚀能力进行了排序,为生产厂家选择铁埚材质提供了一定的科学依据。     

Brazing zirconium alloys with an amorphous rapidly quenched strip brazing alloy

Application of aluminum alloy, which is a typical lightweight material, has been expected to achieve energy saving and prevention of pollution in many kinds of transportation vehicles. While the structure made of whole aluminum alloy, however, is lightweight, it still has problems, such as low mechanical strength and high cost. Hence, a hybrid or joining structure made of aluminum alloy and steel seems to be reasonable because of its light weight and higher strength.

To make a hybrid structure for transportation vehicles, we examined welding by friction stirring between aluminum alloy and low-carbon steel, which could be welded without melted weld materials. As a result, welding between aluminum alloy and low-carbon steel that had a thin intermetallic compound at the weld interface was obtained.

In recent automobile manufacturing, zinc-coated steel has been used for structural parts in general. On welding between zinc-coated steel and other materials such as aluminum alloy, existence of a Zn layer between aluminum and steel has to be taken into account to get a high-quality joint between the materials.

In this study, spot joining between aluminum alloy and several kinds of zinc-coated steels by friction stirring was carried out, and the effect of the coated layer both on the weld strength and weld interface microstructure was investigated. As a result, the joint between aluminum alloy and zinc-coated steel was stronger than that between aluminum alloy and non-coated steel, when the coated layer was removed at the weld interface by plastic flow of aluminum alloy.     

对铸件的力学性能提供合格保障的质保技术

论述一种对铸件的力学性能提供合格保障的质保技术,其实现方法包括：通过快速化学分析,分析铁水、钢水、铝水、或铜水的成分。并根据指令炉前的配料和熔化程序进行不断调整。通过快速金相分析,将铸件的金相组织数据指令发给浇铸程序,以免不合格的铁水、钢水、铝水或铜水浇铸成铸件。该质保技术同时保证化学成份和金相组织数据合格,从而保证铸件的力学性能和最终质量。实现了铸件生产的全程超前、预警和指挥,从而提供了一种全面保障了铁水、钢水、铝水、或铜水浇成铸件的内在质量。四平联合收割机总厂铸钢车间、铸钢车间对ZG45、ZGMn13、ZG40Gr及HT200、HT250、QT60-2等钢铁品种进行质保实践,对E514及东风5联合收割机28种铸件,检测单件力学性能合格率达98%以上。     

铝电解中阳极涂层与磷生铁改性剂的综合优化实验

提高炭素阳极的强度和抗氧化性是目前铝电解研究的热点和难点。本文总结了在某铝厂400 kA系列磷生铁中加入改性剂和在阳极炭素表面涂盖耐高温防氧化涂层涂料的实验。加入磷生铁改性剂浇筑出的磷生铁具备更好的延展性和膨胀性,使炭块与钢爪之间接触电阻减少,钢爪与炭块间的连接更紧密,减少了脱极的几率,降低了铁-碳压降;使用防氧化涂层材料,提高了铝电解电流效率,大大减少了炭块的掉渣量,延长了炭素阳极的使用周期。