中式快速发酵香肠最佳工艺参数研究

根据美国肉类协会（AMI）为抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长对发酵香肠生产时间和温度进行的限定,设计正交实验,对影响发酵香肠生产的3个主要因素（菌种比例、GDL添加量、葡萄糖添加量）进行讨论.并对产品进行感官评价,确定发酵香肠生产最佳配方为发酵剂（5：1）,GDL（1.2%）,GLC（0.6%）.按最佳配方生产的产品亚硝酸盐残留为7.13 mg/L,符合国家对肠制品亚硝酸盐残留的规定.     

发酵腊肉发酵工艺条件的研究

主要目的是确定生产发酵腊肉的最佳工艺参数,并将其应用到肉制品的生产上。在单因素试验确定的食盐添加量（A）、发酵温度（B）、发酵时间（C）、接种量（D）各较优化工艺参数的基础上,进行4因素3水平正交实验,以pH值为指标,并兼顾产品的品质和出品率,综合分析后,确定了4因素的最佳工艺条件为：A1B2C2D3,即采用食盐添加量为2％,30℃的发酵温度,发酵时间22h,清酒乳杆菌以3％接种量。     

发酵布丁豆腐生产工艺的研究

本实验通过在豆浆中添加葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)和CaCl2并利用乳酸菌发酵生产一种新型的布丁豆腐,其质地细腻、营养丰富、富有弹性,并具有独特的豆香味。采用正交试验确定最佳的发酵工艺条件为:发酵温度40℃、发酵时间5h、接种量4%,并通过单因素试验确定GDL和CaCl2的最佳添加量为:0.2%和0.05%。     

发酵条件对香肠中亚硝酸盐和亚硝胺的影响

以发酵香肠为对象,研究了不同亚硝酸盐添加量以及发酵条件下亚硝酸盐残留和二乙基亚硝胺(NDEA)的变化规律。结果表明:各因素对香肠中亚硝酸盐残留和NDEA形成影响的大小顺序为,发酵时间>亚硝酸盐添加>发酵温度>发酵剂。正交实验分析表明:最佳发酵条件为,发酵时间2 d、亚硝酸盐添加量50mg/kg、发酵温度25℃。     

乳杆菌发酵酸芋荷的工艺研究

以芋荷梗为原料,在民间芋荷梗发酵工艺基础上添加植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）进行发酵。以感官评分和pH值为评价指标,分别探究植物乳杆菌添加量、食盐添加量、发酵温度、发酵时间对芋荷梗发酵品质的影响,通过正交试验优化出最佳的发酵工艺。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺条件为植物乳杆菌添加量0.30%、食盐添加量2%、发酵时间3 d、发酵温度30 ℃。在此最佳发酵工艺条件下,酸芋荷感官评分为84分,pH值为3.29,亚硝酸盐含量（6.25 μg/g）符合国家相关标准。     

清真发酵牛肉香肠生产工艺的研究

以干酪乳杆菌和肉糖葡萄球菌为发酵剂生产牛肉发酵香肠,并对该工艺进行了研究.结果表明,最佳工艺为:接种量为1.5·107,葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)的添加量为0.6%,葡萄糖(GLC)的添加量为0.25%.     

LP-7501S用于发酵萝卜中亚硝酸盐降解工艺的研究

为使泡菜中亚硝酸盐快速降解,利用从自然发酵泡菜中筛选出的一株具有高效降解亚硝酸盐功能的优势菌株LP-7501S,对泡菜进行强化发酵,以蔗糖添加量、食盐添加量、氮源添加量、发酵时间和发酵温度进行单因素试验与正交试验,研究其最佳发酵工艺。结果表明最优发酵工艺为:蔗糖添加量0.7%、食盐添加量4%、氮源添加量0.7%、发酵时间84h、发酵温度30℃。在此发酵条件下,测得发酵萝卜中总酸含量为0.73g/100g,亚硝酸盐可快速降解,含量为0.432mg/kg。     

发酵香肠工艺及理化性质变化研究

对发酵香肠的配方、工艺条件以及发酵成熟过程中的理化性质变化进行了研究.利用正交实验确定发酵香肠最佳配方为:保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌配比1:1,糖8%,食盐2.5%;最佳工艺条件为:菌种添加量1.5%,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间12h.实验同时还对发酵和成熟初期,发酵香肠的pH和色差值的变化进行了研究.     

发酵香肠加工技术及品质控制研究

对发酵香肠加工工艺和发酵香肠配方中GDL、葡萄糖添加量以及发酵剂用菌种组合对发酵香肠的品质影响进行了研究。结果显示 ,在香肠的基本配方中添加 0 6 %～ 0 9%的葡萄糖、0 4 %GDL ,并选用LK 30发酵剂可以生产出适合我国国情的快速发酵香肠     

响应曲面优化红曲米发酵香肠强化高温风干成熟工艺研究

为探讨发酵香肠中红曲米替代亚硝酸盐的最适添加量及有效缩短发酵香肠成熟时间的加工工艺,采用Design-expert中的响应曲面法对强化高温风干成熟红曲米发酵香肠过程中的三个主要因素即强化高温温度、红曲米添加量与成熟时间进行优化。分析结果表明强化高温风干成熟工艺能有效地缩短香肠成熟时间,并且最佳工艺条件为成熟温度27℃、红曲米添加量1.6g/kg,高温成熟20d。在此条件下加工出的香肠游离氨基酸总量和感官评分较高,实验结果与模型拟合的预测值拟合良好,说明优化出的回归方程对于生产实际有一定的理论指导意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the