面向对象程序蜕变关系构造方法

针对面向对象软件类级测试中蜕变关系构造不充分的问题,提出一种由错误类型指导面向对象程序蜕变关系构造的方法。首先分析类方法中包含的基本操作,根据错误发生位置和作用效果将错误分成3类;其次 按照执行效果的不同 将类中方法分成两类;再针对错误类型对每个方法分别构造蜕变关系;最后通过Rectangle类的实验对比该方法与其他方法。实验证明提出的由错误类型指导蜕变关系构造的方法的检错率有所提高,并且有助于错误定位。     

面向对象的软件测试方法

文章针对面向对象软件具有的特征,给出一个面向对象的测试模型．详细探讨了面向对象单元测试、面向对象集成测试和面向对象系统测试的测试策略,以及相应的测试用例设计方法。     

语义网络表示中变异关系的面向对象实现

在对语义网络表示进行面向对象程序设计时，一个重要的问题是如何描述结点间属性的变异关系，本文主要探讨在Ｃ＾＋＋程序设计语言环境下，语义网络表示中变异关系的实现问题。     

面向对象关系数据库的构造方法

本文提出一个在关系数据库系统之上构造面向对象数据库系统的一般方法模型──面向对象的关系模型（ＯＯＲＭ）。按此模型建立起来的面向对象的关系数据库系统，不仅具备一般面向对象数据库系统的各种能力，而且能够有效地描述和处理各种复杂关系，同时能够与基础关系数据库系统保持兼容。     

面向对象软件测试的认识

本比较面向对象测试与传统测试，并总结了面向对象测试的内容。根据面向对象软件的特点和特性，提出了若干测试策略。     

面向对象软件测试简述

软件测试是软件开发的一个重要过程,保证了软件的质量;提高了软件产品可靠性。阐述了面向对象软件开发过程中,面向对象软件测试的必要性。介绍了面向对象软件测试的内容及方法。     

面向对象的软件测试

软件的测试时软件开发的重要部分,是保证软件质量提高软件性能的关键。面向对象的软件测试具有它自己的特点,需要与传统的软件测试相区别,因此面向对象的软件测试则被分成不同的阶段,本文将面向对象软件测试层次划分为六个个层次,主要介绍了面向对象软件测试的以下三个层次:类测试、集成测试和系统测试。     

蜕变关系构造基本准则与策略研究

蜕变测试可以部分解决软件测试中的Oracle问题,其关键步骤和难点是蜕变关系的构造,它将直接影响测试的效果。通过对典型程序测试的案例对蜕变关系的构造进行分析,归纳总结了若干构造蜕变关系的基本准则,并在案例研究中采用变异分析方法验证了构造准则的合理性。提出了蜕变测试与等价类测试结合运用的测试方法,此方法可用于输入空间易于分类的程序。     

面向对象软件测试探讨

面向对象软件测试是面向对象软件开发的一个重要阶段,是保证软件质量、提高软件可靠性的关键。该文主要分析了面向对象程序的特点对测试的影响,讨论了面向对象软件测试技术的现状与发展。     

面向对象的软件测试技术

随着面向对象技术的发晨,面向对象的软件测试已经成为面向对象技术中的关键环节,是保证软件的质量和可靠性的重要手段,为此,本文对面向对象的软件测试技术进行探讨.     

Tabular-expression-based method for constructing metamorphic relations

Metamorphic testing (MT) is proposed to overcome the oracle problem in software testing, and metamorphic relations (MRs) are the core of MT. There is a lack of guidelines for constructing effective MRs, and it is difficult to reuse MRs mainly because most MRs are closely related to the domain knowledge. In this article, we propose a method for constructing MRs from specifications in tabular expression format. Our method constructs MRs according to the characteristics of tabular expressions, especially the relationships between the header grids and the main grid, namely, our method is domain-independent and the construction process is simplified. In addition, the derived MRs can be applied to specifications with the same tabular expression structure. For specifications with different tabular expression structures, MRs can still be used after slight adjustments. To evaluate the performance of our method in practice, we apply the method to five applications. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is effective for a program with the oracle problem, and that it is applicable to tabular expressions in various formats. Compared with representative testing methods, our method identifies errors that are not detected by the compared methods. Hence, our method and existing methods can complement each other. The MR proposed in this article outperforms MRs constructed based on program properties.     

Predicting metamorphic relations for testing scientific software: a machine learning approach using graph kernels

Comprehensive, automated software testing requires an oracle to check whether the output produced by a test case matches the expected behaviour of the programme. But the challenges in creating suitable oracles limit the ability to perform automated testing in some programmes, and especially in scientific software. Metamorphic testing is a method for automating the testing process for programmes without test oracles. This technique operates by checking whether the programme behaves according to properties called metamorphic relations. A metamorphic relation describes the change in output when the input is changed in a prescribed way. Unfortunately, finding the metamorphic relations satisfied by a programme or function remains a labour‐intensive task, which is generally performed by a domain expert or a programmer. In this work, we propose a machine learning approach for predicting metamorphic relations that uses a graph‐based representation of a programme to represent control flow and data dependency information. In earlier work, we found that simple features derived from such graphs provide good performance. An analysis of the features used in this earlier work led us to explore the effectiveness of several representations of those graphs using the machine learning framework of graph kernels, which provide various ways of measuring similarity between graphs. Our results show that a graph kernel that evaluates the contribution of all paths in the graph has the best accuracy and that control flow information is more useful than data dependency information. The data used in this study are available for download at http://www.cs.colostate.edu/saxs/MRpred/functions.tar.gz to help researchers in further development of metamorphic relation prediction methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A non-invasive object-oriented tool for software testing

A non-invasive approach for capture and playback (C&P) can be a very useful tool for testing applications endowed of a graphic user interface in local and/or distributed environments, and in general for testing applications without modifying their run-time environment. In the software lifecycle, the phases ofC&P are performed after the application design. Since these are close to the delivery deadline, the time needed for application testing is considered as a high, and frequently unacceptable, cost. In this paper, a new approach for non-invasiveC&P testing techniques is proposed. This is strongly based on the object-oriented paradigm at both hardware and software levels. In particular, a new board for image grabbing and pattern matching, and a new object-oriented language for specifying the tests have been defined. The main goals of this new approach are (i) the reduction of testing time by supporting the reuse of tests (coded by using a specific language) at each level of abstraction, and (ii) the anticipation of the capture-phase of testing with the system design.     

基于面向对象的类测试技术研究

面向对象软件测试是面向对象软件开发的一个重要阶段，是保证软件质量、提高软件可靠性的关键，而类测试又是面向对象软件测试的关键。文章针对面向对象程序的特性对软件测试的影响，研究了一种基于状态的类测试方法，从而能够更有效地对面向对象软件进行测试，提高了软件的质量。     

坡度坡向量算程序蜕变测试方法

坡度、坡向量算是地理信息系统的主要功能之一。然而,由于截断误差、舍入误差以及误差传播的影响,导致测试判定难以获取。基于此,提出将蜕变测试应用于坡度、坡向量算程序的测试中,通过分析坡度、坡向量算程序功能的几何属性、数值计算特性以及具体实现算法等提出蜕变关系,并通过分析蜕变关系的适用范围,形成坡度坡向量算程序蜕变测试方法。最后,通过实例研究,验证了提出的蜕变关系在消除不同类型变异方面的有效性。实验结果表明,该方法可有效解决坡度、坡向量算程序的测试判定问题,同时也为解决地理信息系统中其他空间度量程序的测试判定问题提供了借鉴,进一步拓展了蜕变测试技术的应用范围。     

面向对象程序中对象关系的描述方法

对象关系图是一种描述对象关系的工具,在分析对象关系图的优缺点的基础上,提出了一种构建带权的对象关系图的方法,并把这种描述方法运用到确定类簇中的类问测试顺序上.该带权对象关系图克服了原来对象关系图中描述类间关系过于简单,尤其是反映关联关系的强弱不明显等主要缺点.     

混合遗传算法在面向对象软件集成测试中的应用

提出了一种在面向对象软件集成测试中确定类间测试序列的混合遗传算法。该算法在基本遗传算法的基础之上增加局部搜索以增强局部搜索能力,以及使用缓冲池以减少运行时间。实验结果表明,该算法的性能优于现有的其他方法。     

一种优化的面向对象软件复杂性度量方法

首先结合面向对象技术特性,对面向对象软件类级别的CK度量方法和系统级别的MOOD度量方法进行了分析,并就CK度量提出了优化的度量方法OCK。然后结合OCK度量和MOOD度量的优点提出了较优化的面向对象软件复杂性度量方法OSCM。OSCM度量可以有效地弥补CK度量和MOOD度量的不足,优化度量结果。     

面向对象软件的测试评估

软件测试的目的是发现错误,而不是确认其正确性,是为了增强人们对软件能够按照需求者的期望正确运行的信心,因此需要对软件测试质量进行度量.由于面向对象软件所具有的特性,面向对象软件的测试的度量相对于在过程测试中的测试度量已经不再适应.利用切片和领域的概念,通过多层次的测试度量来对面向对象软件的测试进行评估,该方法能够为改进对面向对象软件系统的测试过程和测试策略提供帮助.     

面向对象软件的技术度量

软件度量学是软件工程领域的一个重要研究方向。通过软件度量,可以改进软件的体系结构,采用合适的软件开发过程,从而降低软件开发的成本,提高软件开发的效率,保证软件能满足用户的需求,开发出高质量的软件。分析了面向对象软件度量的特点,阐述了常用的面向对象软件度量方法,并在此基础上提出了以切片为中心的度量方法。