甘蔗渣中性亚硫酸钠蒸煮最佳工艺条件的研究

本文研究了甘蔗渣中性亚硫酸钠制浆的蒸煮最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明，甘蔗渣中性亚硫酸钠蒸煮采用下列工艺条件：Na2SO3用量为18％，Na2CO3用量为3％，液比为1：5，最高温度160℃，升温2小时，保温1小时。在此蒸煮条件下，纸浆得率可达65．83％，高锰酸钾值9.14，白度50％，不透明度92．65％，以及可得到较好的纸浆强度。     

竹材用于生产溶解浆的试验研究

将竹材与木材原料相对比,分析了竹原料的特性,直观地说明了竹材用于溶解浆生产的可行性.结合工厂的现有工艺流程,以造纸竹浆为原料,优化了其蒸煮、漂白等工艺条件,制取了溶解浆.结果表明:所得浆粕甲种纤维素含量高、白度高、反应性能较好,适用于黏胶纤维用浆粕的生产.     

Structure and Reactivity of Spruce Mechanical Pulp Lignins Part II. Organosolv Fractionation of Lignins in a Flow-Through Reactor

Various spruce mechanical pulps were subjected to delignification with ethanol-water (1 : 1, v / v ) containing 0.1 M acetic acid at 175°C in a flow- through reactor. A thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and the corresponding samples derived from its bleaching (BTMP) and yellowing ( YBTMP ) treatments were delignified to a similar extent, about 70% of delignification degree, as compared with spruce wood. A series of five successive lignin fractions was recovered from each pulp sample and then characterized by various analytical methods. Large structural variations were observed within these fractions. The number of phenolic structures appeared to be an important factor influencing the dissolution of lignins in the ethanol-water medium. These lignin fractions were found to be different in the amount of β-aryl ether structures and in the relative importance of main carbon-carbon bonding patterns. The results are discussed in relation to the lignin fractionation in the flow-through reactor.     

纸浆纤维与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应规律及产物结构与性能研究

采用铈离子引发纸浆纤维与丙烯酰胺的异相接枝共聚反应,研究了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度及时间等对单体转化率与接枝率的影响。用ＩＲ、ＴＧ、ＤＳＣ、ＳＥＭ、Ｘ－射线衍射,偏光显微镜等手段对接枝物的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,接枝物的热稳定性高于原纤维,接枝主要发生在纤维的表面和无定形区,对它的结晶性没有损害     

聚丙烯腈浆粕增强无石棉橡胶密封板的研制

以上海兰邦公司生产的高度原纤化聚丙烯腈浆粕为增强及高效微粒捕获组分，取代石棉及芳纶浆粕，开发研制了一种新型无石棉橡胶密封板，并对其进行了系统的性能测试分析。结果表明，聚丙烯腈浆粕增强的无石棉橡胶密封板具有优异的综合性能，在绝大多数工况下，可取代石棉及芳纶浆粕增强橡胶密封板。     

Liquid spouting of pulp fibers in a conical vessel

Pulp fibers can be spouted in water in a conical vessel. The entities which are spouted are fiber flocs rather than individual fibers. Synthetic fibers, which do not flocculate, cannot be spouted. For comparison, rigid spherical particles were spouted with water in the same conical vessel. Liquid spouting of rigid particles was similar to gaseous spouting. For pulp spouting, the minimum spouting velocity is proportional to the mass of fibers in the bed and inversely proportional to the diameter of the inlet. For rigid particles, the minimum spouting velocity is proportional to the height of the bed and inversely proportional to the square of the diameter of the inlet. A model for the minimum spouting velocity was developed for pulp spouting.     

A Review of Recent Technological Advances in the Brightening of High‐Yield Pulps

Peroxide brightening/bleaching is an important unit operation for pulp and paper mills producing value‐added paper grades containing bleached mechanical pulps. In this paper, a number of process innovations have been discussed. They include:

• hydrosulphite assisted chelation process, the so‐called Q_y process;
• DTPA spray;
• P_N2process;
• P_Mprocess;
• Mg(OH)₂‐based peroxide process.

It will be shown that these processes can improve the peroxide brightening/bleaching processes in terms of (1) decreasing the production cost, (2) improving the product quality, and (3) decreasing the environmental impact.     

Evaluation of Kraft-PS Cooking for Eucalypt and Pine Wood Chip Mixtures

The purpose of this study was evaluating polysulfides (PS) as additives in kraft cooking of wood mixtures eucalypt (E) and pine chips (P) wood mixtures, namely: 50E/50P, 70E/30P, and 90E/10P. Bleaching (O(D/A)(EP)D) and refining of pulps were also investigated. The PS addition (1.5 or 3.0%) to the kraft cooking preserved the hemicelluloses resulting increased pulp yield and reduced H-factor. The oxygen delignification was more efficient for chip mixtures containing higher proportion of pine chips, but was not largely affected by the addition of PS. The bleach chemical consumption was not significantly influenced by PS dosage or by the wood chip mixture. The burst and tear indexes were improved by increasing the proportion of pine chips to the mixture, but an opposite effect was observed for refinability, tensile index, and opacity. The kraft-PS pulps showed increased refinability, tensile, and burst strengths in relation the standard pulps, but lower opacities.     

麦草化机浆制浆规律的研究

研究麦草磺化化机浆的制浆规律并且从制浆得率和纸浆强度、白度出发,提出了麦草化机浆合适的化学预处理工艺条件。麦草磺化化机浆采用如下的预处理条件可以获得较高的制浆得率和较好的浆张物理性能：NaOH1％,Na2SO38％,最高温度140℃,保温时间30min,液比1：6。此时浆得率84％,裂断长3．34km,撕裂指数2．21mNm2·g-1,刚破指数2．87kPam2·g-1,白度22．8％（ISO）。     

A contribution to the modeling of kraft pulping

This paper presents a mathematical model for pulping that considers the effect of alkali diffusion and chemical reaction. An approximation for 3-dimensional diffusion in wood chips is tested against pulping data. A method for predicting pulp viscosity is also presented. The model simulates the effect of key pulping variables on pulp kappa number, viscosity, yield, residual alkalinity and pulping uniformity. Experimental data from a number of sources are successfully predicted by the model.     

杨木APMP与杨木化学浆配抄对纸张性能的影响

研究了典型的国产高得率浆杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆(APMP)与杨木化学浆配抄对纸张有关性能的影响。结果表明,杨木APMP的比例在50%时,纸张松厚度和不透明度分别增加了39%和9%;同时,纸张平滑度和强度性能有所下降,但由于杨木APMP具有较高的细小纤维含量,因此在一定程度上抵消了其负面影响。     

硫酸水解对再生纤维素纤维葡萄糖转化率的影响

用浓硫酸水解竹浆、棉浆、木浆三种再生纤维素纤维,通过改变反应温度和时间,找出再生纤维素纤维水解葡萄糖得率最优的反应条件,并对不同种类的纤维素纤维水解液进行高效液相色谱分析。结果表明:当反应温度为50℃、反应时间为120 min时,竹浆再生纤维素纤维的葡萄糖转化率可达75%;在高效液相色谱中,竹浆再生纤维素纤维在7 min的位置有较明显的出峰,在12.5～14.5 min的位置有一个双峰,有别于木浆、棉浆再生纤维素纤维。     

表面活性剂在制浆造纸过程中的应用

表面活性剂由于结构和组成不同 ,分别可具有润湿、渗透、乳化、分散、破乳、发泡、消泡、洗涤去污和抗静电等功能 ,已广泛应用于制浆造纸工业中。这里就表面活性剂在制浆、造纸、涂布加工及其它工业中的应用进行了叙述。     

马尾松硫酸盐浆单段氧脱木素的研究

研究了马尾松硫酸盐浆单段氧脱木素的影响因素。研究结果表明 ,影响马尾松硫酸盐浆氧脱木素的条件有 :时间 ,温度 ,用碱量 ,氧压 ,保护剂MgSO4的用量及反应浆浓。从纸浆中的木素的脱出和纸浆的粘度考虑 ,各因素都有一较合适的取值。其中 ,氧压在 0 .5～ 0 .7MPa之间 ,时间80min ,温度 1 0 0℃ ,NaOH用量 3%～ 5 % ,MgSO4用量 0 .5 %～ 1 .0 % ,浆浓1 0 %～ 1 2 % ,在以上保证纸浆粘度不致降低很大的条件下 ,纸浆的木素脱出率也较大。     

重组木聚糖酶的纸浆助漂效果研究

探讨了重组木聚糖酶的纸浆助漂作用.用毕赤酵母工程菌HB148n3摇瓶发酵制得木聚糖酶,用该酶对纸浆进行预处理,漂白、抄片后检测白度、耐折度等参数.结果显示,每克绝干浆经15 IU木聚糖酶处理后,混合木苇浆的白度、裂断长以及撕裂指数分别提高3.03%ISO、0.62 km、0.93 mN·m2·g-1;麦草浆的白度、耐折度以及撕裂指数分别提高2.82%ISO、2.63次、1.31 mN·m2·g-1.表明新开发的木聚糖酶有助于纸浆助漂,可改善纸张质量.     

杨木APMP浆水体系中溶解与胶体物质对纸浆性能的影响

探讨了杨木碱性过氧化物机械浆(APMP)在制浆过程中产生的溶解与胶体物质(DCS)对纸浆光学性能、强度性能、滤水和纤维留着性能的影响。结果表明,随着APMP中DCS含量的增加,纸浆的白度、不透明度和光散射系数均有所下降,纸浆的物理强度也随之降低。此外,DCS的存在减弱了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的作用效果,因而导致纸浆滤水和留着性能的下降。     

Behavior of Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Extractives Components across ECF Bleaching and Their Impact on Brightness Reversion

Abstract

This study investigated the chemical composition of the dichloromethane and acetone extracts of eucalypt pulp across D(EP)DP and AZDP bleaching sequences by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The bleaching stages led to the partial removal and to several oxidative transformations of fatty acids and sterols, the main lipophilic extractives found in the unbleached pulp. The pulp samples were bleached to 90–91% ISO by D(EP)DP and AZDP sequences and their brightness stability and chemical characteristics determined. The effect of aging on brightness was investigated. The AZDP bleaching sequence resulted in pulps of higher brightness stability. Furoic structures representing the main acid degradation products of HexA are suggested as the actual intermediates that cause yellowing by forming colored compounds. The AZDP process removed larger amounts of HexA across bleaching.     

马尾松硫酸盐浆两段氧脱木素影响因素的研究

研究了马尾松硫酸盐浆段间不洗涤的第二段氧脱木素的影响因素。研究结果表明 ,在给定的第一段氧脱木素的条件下 ,第二段氧脱木素采用如下条件 :氧压 0 .4～ 0 .5MPa ;温度 80～ 90℃ ;时间 40～ 60min ;用碱量2 %～ 4%。可以在纸浆粘度不致于降低很大的前提下 ,纸浆的木素总脱出率较高。     

高半纤维素浆粕纺制Lyocell纤维的结构与性能

采用成本低、半纤维素含量高的浆粕纺制Lyocell纤维,重点对制得的高半纤维素Lyocell纤维的结晶、取向、力学性能、原纤化和染色性等进行了研究。研究表明:这种用高半纤维素浆粕纺制的Lyocell纤维与用高α-纤维素浆粕纺制的Lyocell纤维相比,它的模量、结晶度、取向度、抗原纤化能力和染色性等都好于后者。     

棉浆和木浆掺混纺醋酸纤维素纤维结构与性能的分析

对棉浆和木浆三种掺混纺比例(棉浆与木浆的掺混纺比例为0∶100,50∶50,100∶0)的醋酸纤维素纤维的结构与性能进行了测试分析。采用光学显微镜观察、纤维图形分析软件计算、X射线衍射和强伸性能测试,对比分析了三种掺混纺比例纤维的截面形态、结晶度、取向度、断裂伸长率、断裂强度以及初始模量,为棉浆与木浆掺混纺醋酸纤维素纤维的广泛应用提供了理论依据。实验结果表明:三种掺混纺比例纤维的截面形态指标无显著差异,内部晶体基本结构相同,随着棉浆与木浆掺混纺比例的增加,结晶度、取向度以及强伸性能呈现出略微增大的趋势。