基于UG的膨胀套管螺纹接头参数化建模

膨胀套管螺纹接头优化设计分析时需要反复修改接头参数,高效快速建立接头三维模型,本文提出了两种利用UG软件进行膨胀套管螺纹接头参数化建模的方法.在UG中完成接头模型样板后,第一种方法通过Visual Studio开发平台编写程序得到一个可改变结构参数的可执行程序,实现膨胀套管接头二次开发建模;另一种方法是基于PTS模块完...     

A framework for an automotive body assembly process design system

This paper describes a framework for an automotive body assembly process design system. It is a computer-aided intelligent system that can automatically generate the optimal joint types and assembly sequences for the best dimensional quality. The backbone of this system is the Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) methodology, which works by searching through a case library created from previous designs whose identifying features resemble the current case. Algorithms for initial solution generation, dimension chain generation, joint design selections, assembly sequence generation, and tolerance analysis and optimization are developed. Based on the framework, a software tool called Body Build Advisor, or BBA, is developed. The software allows process designers to analyze candidate assembly schemes and achieve the best assembly process design prior to having detailed knowledge of geometry of the parts, and thus is ideal for architectural process design. In addition, the system has the advantage of an open structure that can be easily modified and adapted to accommodate existing assemblies and to suggest areas for improvement.     

基于参数化零部件的自动装配设计

介绍在参数化零部件库的基础上实施装配设计的参数化。在设计者对装配尺寸或零部件的参数作出个性后,可自动进行装配图调整,达到零部件参数化和装配设计参数化的统一,实现自动设计。     

Integrated parametric multi-level information and numerical modelling of mechanised tunnelling projects

This paper presents a concept for parametric modelling of mechanized tunnelling within a state of the art design environment, as the basis for design assessments for different levels of details (LoDs). To this end, a parametric representation of each system component (soil with excavation, tunnel lining with grouting, Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) and buildings) is developed in an information model for three LoDs (high, medium and low) and used for the automated generation of numerical models of the tunnel construction process and soil-structure interaction. The platform enables a flexible, user-friendly generation of the tunnel structure for arbitrary alignments based on predefined structural templates for each component, supporting the design process and at the same time providing an insight into the stability and safety of the design. This model, with selected optimal LoDs for each component, dependent on the objective of the analysis, is used for efficient design and process optimisation in mechanized tunnelling. Efficiency and accuracy are further demonstrated through an error-free exchange of information between Building Information Modelling (BIM) and the numerical simulation and with significantly reduced computational effort. The interoperability of the proposed multi-level framework is enabled through the use of an efficient multi-level representation context of the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). The results reveal that this approach is a major step towards sensible modelling and numerical analysis of complex tunnelling project information at the early design stages.     

Reverse innovative design — an integrated product design methodology

Today’s product designer is being asked to develop high quality, innovative products at an ever increasing pace. To meet this need, an intensive search is underway for advanced design methodologies that facilitate the acquisition of design knowledge and creative ideas for later reuse. Additionally, designers are embracing a wide range of 3D digital design applications, such as 3D digitization, 3D CAD and CAID, reverse engineering (RE), CAE analysis and rapid prototyping (RP). In this paper, we propose a reverse engineering innovative design methodology called Reverse Innovative Design (RID). The RID methodology facilitates design and knowledge reuse by leveraging 3D digital design applications. The core of our RID methodology is the definition and construction of feature-based parametric solid models from scanned data. The solid model is constructed with feature data to allow for design modification and iteration. Such a construction is well suited for downstream analysis and rapid prototyping. In this paper, we will review the commercial availability and technological developments of some relevant 3D digital design applications. We will then introduce three RE modelling strategies: an autosurfacing strategy for organic shapes; a solid modelling strategy with feature recognition and surface fitting for analytical models; and a curve-based modelling strategy for accurate reverse modelling. Freeform shapes are appearing with more frequency in product development. Since their “natural” parameters are hard to define and extract, we propose construction of a feature skeleton based upon industrial or regional standards or by user interaction. Global and local product definition parameters are then linked to the feature skeleton. Design modification is performed by solving a constrained optimization problem. A RID platform has been developed and the main RE strategies and core algorithms have been integrated into SolidWorks as an add-in product called ScanTo3D. We will use this system to demonstrate our RID methodology on a collection of innovative consumer product design examples.     

基于参数化技术的装配件变型设计

为了满足客户对产品个性化需求,提出了基于参数化技术的装配件变型设计方法。研究基于参数化技术的装配件变型设计原理,建立了零件参数化模型,并对其参数进行分析,根据装配件各零件之间的配合关系,组建装配件信息化模型,以SolidWorks三维造型软件为设计环境,以VC++为工具开发出装配件变型设计原型系统,实现了装配件变型设计。最后,以垃圾破碎机为例,验证了该方法的可行性。     

Deployment of a cloud pipeline for real-time visual inspection using fast streaming high-definition images

We investigate the challenges of building an end-to-end cloud pipeline for real-time intelligent visual inspection system for use in automotive manufacturing. Current methods of visual detection in automotive assembly are highly labor intensive, and thus prone to errors. An automated process is sought that can operate within the real-time constraints of the assembly line and can reduce errors. Components of the cloud pipeline include capture of a large set of high-definition images from a camera setup at the assembly location, transfer and storage of the images as needed, execution of object detection, and notification to a human operator when a fault is detected. The end-to-end execution must complete within a fixed time frame before the next car arrives in the assembly line. In this article, we report the design, development, and experimental evaluation of the tradeoffs of performance, accuracy, and scalability for a cloud system.     

Evaluation of thermo-mechanical damage and fatigue life of solar cell solder interconnections

The soldering process of interconnecting crystalline silicon solar cells to form photovoltaic (PV) module is a key manufacturing process. However, during the soldering process, stress is induced in the solar cell solder joints and remains in the joint as residual stress after soldering. Furthermore, during the module service life time, thermo-mechanical degradation of the solder joints occurs due to thermal cycling of the joints which induce stress, creep strain and strain energy. The resultant effect of damage on the solder joint is premature failure, hence shortened fatigue life. This study seeks to determine accumulated thermo-mechanical damage and fatigue life of solder interconnection in solar cell assembly under thermo-mechanical cycling conditions. In this investigation, finite element modelling (FEM) and simulations are carried out in order to determine nonlinear degradation of SnAgCu solder joints. The degradation of the solder material is simulated using Garofalo-Arrhenius creep model. A three dimensional (3D) geometric model is subjected to six accelerated thermal cycles (ATCs) utilising IEC 61215 standard for photovoltaic panels. The results demonstrate that induced stress, strain and strain energy impacts the solder joints during operations. Furthermore, the larger the accumulated creep strain and creep strain energy in the joints, the shorter the fatigue life. This indicates that creep strain and creep strain energy in the solder joints significantly impacts the thermo-mechanical reliability of the assembly joints. Regions of solder joint with critical stress, strain and strain energy values including their distribution are determined. Analysis of results demonstrates that creep energy density is a better parameter than creep strain in predicting interconnection fatigue life. The use of six ATCs yields significant data which enable better understanding of the response of the solder joints to the induced loads. Moreover, information obtained from this study can be used for improved design and better-quality fabrication of solder interconnections in solar cell assembly for enhanced thermo-mechanical reliability.     

Nonlinear cascade strategy for longitudinal control in automated vehicle guidance

This paper deals with automatic control design for automotive driving with a special focus on the longitudinal control. The automotive vehicle is a complex system characterised by highly nonlinear longitudinal and lateral coupled dynamics. Consequently, the control design for automated driving should deal with both of these dynamic couplings. Indeed, the longitudinal control plays an important role in the automated guidance to ensure safety and comfort of automotive passengers. In this work, a nonlinear cascade longitudinal control based on inner and outer-loops design is proposed. The lateral control is handled following a model predictive approach ensuring the automated steering of the vehicle. Finally, the nonlinear longitudinal control is integrated with the lateral control in a whole architecture to perform a coupled longitudinal and lateral control. The effectiveness of the automated driving strategy is highlighted through simulation results.     

工业建筑预埋件三维快速装配设计方法

当前工业建筑结构预埋件设计主要采用二维CAD 软件,效率较低且容易 出错。为此提出基于广义参数化模板的三维预埋件快速装配设计方法。该方法建立包含三维 参数化形状结构、安装定位方式和二维投影简图等各种信息的预埋件广义参数化模板;通过 构建预埋件参数化模板库,采用基于历史的装配设计技术,实现预埋件的快速安装设计。该 文方法已经集成到商品化工业建筑结构三维CAD 软件InteRDS 中,并在实际工程设计中得 到应用。     

An assembly oriented design framework for product structure engineering and assembly sequence planning

The paper describes a novel framework for an assembly-oriented design (AOD) approach as a new functional product lifecycle management (PLM) strategy, by considering product design and assembly sequence planning phases concurrently. Integration issues of product life cycle into the product development process have received much attention over the last two decades, especially at the detailed design stage. The main objective of the research is to define assembly sequence into preliminary design stages by introducing and applying assembly process knowledge in order to provide an assembly context knowledge to support life-oriented product development process, particularly for product structuring. The proposed framework highlights a novel algorithm based on a mathematical model integrating boundary conditions related to DFA rules, engineering decisions for assembly sequence and the product structure definition. This framework has been implemented in a new system called PEGASUS considered as an AOD module for a PLM system. A case study of applying the framework to a catalytic-converter and diesel particulate filter sub-system, belonging to an exhaust system from an industrial automotive supplier, is introduced to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed AOD methodology.     

Bio-surfaces and geometric references for mass customization in bio-interface design

Mass customization of products that interface with the human body poses unique problems due to the complexities of bio-interface design, the lack of biomechanical techniques in traditional mechanical design, and the absence of specific parametric strategies. Current biomechanical design often follows craftsman-like design processes using less than state-of-the-art tools and techniques. Thus, products that interface with the human body are not readily parameterized or automated. This paper presents a strategy for implementing mass customization in the design of mechanical devices that interface with the human body. This strategy is based on three methods that include: a method for capturing and representing the human body so that the model can be used with state-of-the-art tools and solid modeling techniques, a design methodology based on feature structure planning allowing the design process to be reused and automated, and a strategy for identifying parametric variables tied to the human body. A case study is presented to illustrate the proposed process.     

冲击载荷下BGA焊点应有限元模拟

从动力学角度分析了PBGA组件在高加速度冲击载荷下的响应.采用解析法与有限元分析相结合的方式考察了PBGA组件的结构参数和材料特性等因素对焊点应力的影响,并运用参量分析法比较了这些因素对焊点应力的影响程度.分析结果表明:在冲击载荷下,焊点位置对焊点应力的影响最大,应力峰值出现在PBGA器件的最外端焊点上,而焊点高度、BGA模量以及PCB模量对焊点应力影响较小.增大焊点直径或减小焊点模量均可有效减小焊点的应力,选择适当的PCB厚度也可降低焊点的应力.     

基于可配置处理器的SoC系统级设计方法

论文对一种经过改进的SoC系统级快速设计方法进行了介绍和研究。该设计基于可配置处理器核,在设计早期阶段对SoC系统快速建模,以获得针对具体应用算法的最优性能。同时,利用软硬件协同设计方法,得到硬件结构模型和软件开发平台。实验结果表明,该方法不仅灵活,而且设计周期短,减少了设计工作量。     

Fault‐tolerant path‐following control for in‐wheel‐motor‐driven autonomous ground vehicles with differential steering

Over the past several decades, the automobile industry has denoted significant research efforts to developing in‐wheel‐motor‐driven autonomous ground vehicles (IWM‐AGVs) with active front‐wheel steering. One of the most fundamental issues for IWM‐AGVs is path following, which is important for automated driving to ensure that the vehicle can track a target‐planned path during local navigation. However, the path‐following task may fail if the system experiences a stuck fault in the active front‐wheel steering. In this paper, a fault‐tolerant control (FTC) strategy is presented for the path following of IWM‐AGVs in the presence of a stuck fault in the active front‐wheel steering. For this purpose, differential steering is used to generate differential torque between the left and right wheels in IWM‐AGVs, and an adaptive triple‐step control approach is applied to realize coordinated lateral and longitudinal path‐following maneuvering. The parameter uncertainties for the cornering stiffness and external disturbances are considered to make the vehicles robust to different driving environments. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated with a high‐fidelity and full‐car model based on the veDYNA‐Simulink joint platform.     

A co-simulation framework for design of time-triggered automotive cyber physical systems

Designing cyber-physical systems (CPS) is challenging due to the tight interactions between software, network/platform, and physical components. Automotive control system is a typical CPS example and often designed based on a time-triggered paradigm. In this paper, a co-simulation framework that considers interacting CPS components for assisting time-triggered automotive CPS design is proposed. Virtual prototyping of automotive vehicles is the core of this framework, which uses SystemC to model the cyber components and integrates CarSim to model the vehicle dynamics. A network/platform model in SystemC forms the backbone of the virtual prototyping. The network/platform model consists of processing elements abstracted by real-time operating systems, communication systems, sensors, and actuators. The framework is also integrated with a model-based design tool to enable rapid prototyping. The framework is validated by comparing simulation results with the results from a hardware-in-the-loop automotive simulator. The framework is also used for design space exploration (DSE).     

Blended wing body structures in multidisciplinary pre-design

The structural analysis of blended wing body (BWB) aircraft configurations is presented in the context of a preliminary, multidisciplinary aircraft design process by means of the aircraft design and optimization program (PrADO) of the Institut of Aircraft Design and Lightweight Structures of the TU Braunschweig. A multidisciplinary process is described that enables parametric creation of detailed finite element models and its loads. Iteratively different flight conditions are trimmed and corresponding pressure distributions calculated by the higher-order subsonic and supersonic panel code HISSS. Each defined loading condition is used for the iterative structural sizing of the primary structure. Based on finite element idealization, a mass estimation of all structural masses is performed. The primary and secondary masses are fed back into the closed overall aircraft optimization loop of PrADO until this iterative procedure shows convergence on calculated aircraft variables (e.g., aircraft masses and static engine thrust). This automated process enables further configuration improvements using manual parametric variations or optimization features of PrADO with an objective function being defined by fuel consumption, aircraft mass, or direct operating costs. Different structural solutions and their integration in the global model are presented for passenger versions of a 700 passenger BWB with special consideration of a pressurized cabin. As an example, structural masses and parametric studies on the influence of the center body rib spacing are presented and compared by weight breakdowns.     

Finite element design of manipulator-coupled spacecraft for a research testbed

This paper describes the design and analysis of a research testbed developed to study the control of manipulator-coupled spacecraft with independent attitude control systems. This scenario could present itself in the assembly of Space Station Freedom (SSF). SSF assembly calls for a rendezvous of the Space Shuttle (SS) with SSF. Part of the assembly process requires that both spacecraft be coupled via the Space Shuttle Remote Manipulator System. An additional criterion that poses increased complexity is that the Space Shuttle controls and Space Station controls can not communicate. The technical issue involved is unwanted vibrations of the coupled-configuration that occur retraction and the complications due to non-interacting control systems. To understand these vibrations and possible complications, a research testbed has been built at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL.To build the testbed, the manipulator links joints, and vehicles that represent the Space Shuttle and Space Station had to be designed. Pre-design simulation studies using ANSYS [1] (a Finite Element Computer Code) is used to size and design the manipulator links for the experimental facility. The ANSYS results were verified by the development of the Lagrangian Equations of motion. The Harmonic drives used as joints for the two link, three joint manipulator have been dissected into free body diagrams to ensure proper load paths in the ANSYS models. Accurate simulation of manipulator-coupled spacecraft is an important technology for NASA to understand. This paper outlines the methodology behind the preliminary design of a research testbed developed to help NASA gain knowledge in this area.     

A Motorcycle Model for Stability and Control Analysis

The observed dynamic behaviourof motorcycles suggests that interesting andsignificant motions occur that are not currentlyunderstood. The most elaborate modelling exercisecompleted so far has produced results that needconfirmation and extension. The construction of thesemodels necessitates the use of automated methods andone such modelling methodology is described. Theautomated model building platform that was used hereis AutoSim. This code was used to generate a varietyof linear and nonlinear models in symbolic form. Therelatively complex geometry of the steering system andthe front tyre force system is discussed in detail anda new method of checking the self-consistency of themodel is described and exploited. Sample results inthe form of root-locus plots for small perturbationsfrom straight running and cornering equilibrium statesare presented. These are used to reproduce importantfindings from the literature. Conclusions are drawnon the basis of the results presented.     

机械式变比转向器传动比测试系统设计

为满足车辆转向轻便性和灵敏性的统一、改善转向性能,汽车需要采用变传动比转向器.针对机械式变比转向器性能要求,基于转向器总成台架试验国家标准,描述了变传动比测试过程,设计了基于虚拟仪器的传动比测试系统,讨论了传动比测试硬件系统、人机交互界面设计和试验台的搭建与测试.主要运用PCI总线数据采集卡,实现系统输入端驱动、输出端加载和信号采集功能,完成了变比转向器传动比测试.为机械式变比转向器设计方法的验证提供数据依据,具有良好的现实意义.