基于卷积注意力特征迁移学习的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对变工况条件下因源域和目标域样本数据分布差异大造成滚动轴承故障诊断准确率较低的问题,提出一种新的迁移学习方法——卷积注意力特征迁移学习(Convolutional Attention-based Feature Transfer Learning, CAFTL),并用于变工况条件下的滚动轴承故障诊断。在所提出的CAFTL中,将源域和目标域样本经过多头自注意力计算再经过归一化之后,输入到卷积神经网络中得到对应的源域和目标域特征;然后通过域自适应迁移学习网络将两域特征投影到同一个公共特征空间内;接着,利用由源域有标签样本构建的分类器进行分类;最后,利用随机梯度下降(Stochastic Gradient Descent, SGD)方法对CAFTL进行训练和参数更新,得到CAFTL的最优参数集后将参数优化后的CAFTL用于滚动轴承待测样本的故障诊断。滚动轴承故障诊断实例验证了所提出的方法的有效性。     

基于加权密集连接网络和注意力机制的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对当前诊断方法对滚动轴承故障特征表征困难以及在噪声干扰大的环境中检测性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于加权密集连接网络和注意力机制的滚动轴承故障诊断的方法,该方法由特征提取和故障分类两部分组成;在特征提取部分,首先采用加权密集连接网络从轴承振动信号中提取特征,并将不同空间级别的特征进行组合以增强信息的多样性,然后利用注意力机制突出重要信息,获得准确的表征故障特征;故障分类模型以表征的特征信息作为输入,经过Softmax函数输出每种故障类型的诊断结果;实验结果表明,所提模型在加性噪声干扰的情况下具有良好的诊断性能,比其他方法更具优势。     

改进集成深层自编码器在轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对滚动轴承振动信号故障特征难以自动提取和故障类别难以自动准确识别的问题,提出一种改进集成深层自编码器(IEDAE)方法.首先,改进自编码器的损失函数并设计3种小波卷积自编码器;其次,利用区分自编码器、小波卷积自编码器等5种自编码器构造相应的深层自编码器,并设计“跨层”连接以缓解深层网络的梯度消失现象,实现对轴承振动信号的无监督预训练和有监督微调;最后,通过加权平均法输出识别结果,以保证诊断结果的准确性和稳定性.实验结果表明,改进集成深层自编码器方法能有效地对滚动轴承进行多种工况和多种故障程度的识别,较好地摆脱了对人工特征提取的依赖,特征提取能力和识别能力优于现有其他方法.     

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm

In order to improve the accuracy of rolling bearing fault diagnosis in mechanical equipment, a new fault diagnosis method based on back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm is proposed. This method use the global search ability of the cuckoo search algorithm to constantly search for the best weights and thresholds, and then give it to the back propagation neural network. In this paper, wavelet packet decomposition is used for feature extraction of vibration signals. The energy values of different frequency bands are obtained through wavelet packet decomposition, and they are input as feature vectors into optimized back propagation neural network to identify different fault types of rolling bearings. Through the three sets of simulation comparison experiments of Matlab, the experimental results show that, Under the same conditions, compared with the other five models, the proposed back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm has the least number of training iterations and the highest diagnostic accuracy rate. And in the complex classification experiment with the same fault location but different bearing diameters, the fault recognition correct rate of the back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm is 96.25%.

     

基于SE-ResNeXt的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承在故障诊断过程中信号特征提取困难导致诊断准确率低、鲁棒性差的问题,提出一种基于Squeeze-Excitation-ResNeXt(SE-ResNeXt)网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法;将采集的一维轴承振动信号作为输入,进行滑动窗口采样与标准化处理,通过压缩、激励操作进行特征重标定,扩大模型感受野,并级联聚集残差变换网络自适应提取故障信号特征;在模型训练过程中选择最优压缩率为1/8以及8个组卷积,引入Relu函数加快网络收敛,使用全局平均池化替代全连接层避免过拟合现象,构造能够自主进行表征学习的最优故障诊断模型;通过仿真实验表明:与目前的深度学习算法相比,SE-ResNeXt网络能够准确的实现轴承故障诊断,并在高噪声的环境下仍具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于频域特征变分自编码器的轴承故障诊断研究

针对深度学习故障诊断模型泛化能力差、网络复杂的问题,提出一种通用的特征提取网络,在此基础上应用轴承故障诊断的方法。首次提出频域特征变分自编码器,增强了信号特征提取的鲁棒性。然后,采用局部异常因子算法剔除离群点,防止分类器过拟合,提高分类器泛化性能。最后,构建分类器进行故障诊断。实验验证表明在不同损伤程度下特征提取的界限清晰,故障分类效果好,并且模型表现出良好的可迁移性。     

基于MFCCS和改进VPMCD的滚动轴承故障诊断

将梅尔倒谱和系数(MFCCS)与改进的基于变量预测模型的模式识别算法(VPMCD)相结合,提出了一种滚动轴承故障的诊断方法.将语音信号识别中最常用的特征参数梅尔倒谱系数(MFCC)应用到轴承故障诊断领域,提出了适用于滚动轴承故障识别的特征参数梅尔倒谱和系数.同时,采用主成分分析(PCA)方法来解决VPMCD方法中求解得到的预测模型方程系数与理想系数存在偏差的问题.然后,使用改进的VPMCD算法对特征参数进行训练,再利用预测模型对待诊断样本数据进行模式识别和诊断,并用实验室模拟试验台的数据,对该方法进行了验证,实验结果能够有效区分轴承的故障种类,证明了方法的有效性.     

随机森林在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对不同轴承数据特征选择困难和单个分类器方法在滚动轴承故障诊断中精度较低的问题,提出了一种基于分类回归树（CART）的随机森林滚动轴承故障诊断算法。随机森林是包含了多种分类器的集成学习方法。通过随机森林的“集成”思想来提高滚动轴承故障诊断的精度。从滚动轴承的振动信号中提取时域统计指标,将其作为特征向量,利用随机森林（Random Forest）对滚动轴承故障进行诊断。利用SQI-MFS实验平台的轴承数据,与传统分类器（SVM、kNN和ANN）以及单个分类回归树的诊断结果相比,随机森林算法具有比较高的诊断精度。     

基于BO-DKELM的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承作为旋转机械中的必需元件,其任何故障都可能导致机器乃至整个系统发生故障,从而导致巨大的经济损失和时间的浪费,因此必须要及时准确地诊断滚动轴承故障。针对传统极限学习机中模型参数对滚动轴承故障诊断精度影响较大的问题,提出了一种基于贝叶斯优化的深度核极限学习机的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,将自动编码器与核极限学习机相结合,构建了深度核极限学习机(Deep kernel extreme learning machine, DKELM)模型。其次,利用贝叶斯优化(Bayesian optimization, BO)算法对DKELM中的超参数进行寻优,使得训练数据集和验证数据集在DKELM模型中的分类错误率之和最低。然后,将测试数据集输入到训练好的BO-DKELM中进行故障诊断。最后,采用凯斯西储大学轴承故障数据集对所提方法进行验证,最终故障诊断精度为99.6%,与深度置信网络和卷积神经网络等传统智能算法进行对比,所提方法具有更高的故障诊断精度。     

基于经验模态分解和支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断

本文针对滚动轴承的故障诊断问题,首先提出一种自适应波形匹配的延拓方法对经验模态分解(EMD)存在的端点效应进行改进,然后基于改进的EMD和粒子群优化算法(PSO)优化的支持向量机(SVM)设计了一种两阶段的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.离线阶段对典型的正常、故障振动信号进行EMD分解并提取能量信息作为特征,送入PSO–SVM进行训练并保存模型待用,在线阶段对实时的振动信号进行EMD分解并提取特征,利用离线阶段训练好的模型进行诊断并输出诊断结果.使用美国西储大学轴承数据对该方法进行了验证,实验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

极值域均值模式分解在轴承故障诊断中的应用

为了研究滚动轴承信号的非平稳特征,提出了将局域波方法和Parzen窗概率神经网络相结合的故障诊断方法.分析了局域波时频分析中极值域均值模式分解方法的改进方法,并提出了一种筛选停止准则.对分解所得分量,提取平均瞬时频率和能量比作为故障特征向量构造神经网络,进行状态判断.通过对现场采集的滚动轴承信号进行分析,说明了该方法的...     

协同训练算法在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对单个分类器方法在滚动轴承故障诊断中精度较低、故障样本标记稀缺、特征空间维度高等问题，提出一种将协同训练与集成学习相结合的Co-Forest轴承故障诊断算法。Co-Forest是半监督学习中的协同训练算法，包含多个基分类器，通过投票实现协同训练中的置信度估算。从滚动轴承的振动信号中提取时域、频域特征指标。利用少量带标签和大量未标记样本重复地训练基分类器。集成基分类器，实现对滚动轴承故障的诊断。实验结果表明，与同类型的协同训练算法（Co-Training、Tri-Training）相比，Co-Forest算法在轴承故障诊断中具有更高的正确率，与当前针对特征向量高维、标记样本稀缺问题的ISS-LPP算法，SS-LLTSA算法相比，Co-Forest算法在保持很高诊断正确率的情况下，不需要降维、参数设置简单，具有一定的实际应用价值。     

基于可视化异类特征优选融合的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对故障诊断过程中基于简单的多类故障特征联合决策存在特征集维数多、数据冗余、故障识别率不高的缺点,提出了一种基于异类特征优选融合的故障诊断方法。该方法根据多类特征数据的轮廓图,分析各维特征数据的聚类特性,去除聚类性弱、对故障区分无益的冗余特征维度,仅保留聚类性强的特征维度用于故障识别。在轴承故障诊断实验中,选用故障信号时域统计量和小波包能量两类多维特征进行优选融合,并采用反向传播（BP）神经网络进行故障模式识别。故障识别率达到100%,显著高于无特征优选的故障诊断方法。实验结果表明所提出的方法简便易行,可以显著提高故障识别率。     

基于小波旁瓣相消器的轴承故障特征提取

为解决强背景噪声下声信号提取的轴承故障特征不显著问题,提出一种基于小波旁瓣相消器的故障特征提取方法。该方法利用小波滤波器组将含噪故障轴承声信号变换到小波域,进行小波域阵列广义旁瓣相消自适应波束形成,再通过小波滤波器组重构增强后的故障轴承信号,最后对重构增强后的信号进行包络解调并提取故障特征频率进行故障诊断。实验结果表明,该方法能够在强背景噪声下有效提取滚动轴承故障特征,并且相较于传统的延时求和波束形成器具有更好的降噪和故障特征增强效果。     

基于深度迁移自编码器的变工况下滚动轴承故障诊断方法

在实际工业场景下的轴承故障诊断,存在轴承故障样本不足,训练样本与实际信号样本存在分布差异的问题;文章提出一种新的基于深度迁移自编码器的故障诊断方法FS-DTAE,应用于不同工况下的轴承故障诊断;该方法首先采用小波包变换进行信号处理与特征提取;其次,采用提出的基于朴素贝叶斯与域间差异的特征选取(FSBD)方法对统计特征进行评估,选取更有利于跨域故障诊断和迁移学习的特征;然后,利用源域特征数据训练深度自编码器,将训练得到的模型参数迁移至目标域,再利用目标域正常状态样本对深度迁移自编码器模型进行微调,微调后的模型用于目标域无标签特征数据的故障分类;最后,基于CWRU轴承故障数据开展不同工况下故障诊断实验,结果表明,所提出的FS-DTAE方法能够有效提高不同工况下的故障诊断准确率。     

Intelligent fault diagnosis for rotating machinery using deep Q-network based health state classification: A deep reinforcement learning approach

Fault diagnosis methods for rotating machinery have always been a hot research topic, and artificial intelligence-based approaches have attracted increasing attention from both researchers and engineers. Among those related studies and methods, artificial neural networks, especially deep learning-based methods, are widely used to extract fault features or classify fault features obtained by other signal processing techniques. Although such methods could solve the fault diagnosis problems of rotating machinery, there are still two deficiencies. (1) Unable to establish direct linear or non-linear mapping between raw data and the corresponding fault modes, the performance of such fault diagnosis methods highly depends on the quality of the extracted features. (2) The optimization of neural network architecture and parameters, especially for deep neural networks, requires considerable manual modification and expert experience, which limits the applicability and generalization of such methods. As a remarkable breakthrough in artificial intelligence, AlphaGo, a representative achievement of deep reinforcement learning, provides inspiration and direction for the aforementioned shortcomings. Combining the advantages of deep learning and reinforcement learning, deep reinforcement learning is able to build an end-to-end fault diagnosis architecture that can directly map raw fault data to the corresponding fault modes. Thus, based on deep reinforcement learning, a novel intelligent diagnosis method is proposed that is able to overcome the shortcomings of the aforementioned diagnosis methods. Validation tests of the proposed method are carried out using datasets of two types of rotating machinery, rolling bearings and hydraulic pumps, which contain a large number of measured raw vibration signals under different health states and working conditions. The diagnosis results show that the proposed method is able to obtain intelligent fault diagnosis agents that can mine the relationships between the raw vibration signals and fault modes autonomously and effectively. Considering that the learning process of the proposed method depends only on the replayed memories of the agent and the overall rewards, which represent much weaker feedback than that obtained by the supervised learning-based method, the proposed method is promising in establishing a general fault diagnosis architecture for rotating machinery.     

基于信号特征提取和卷积神经网络的轴承故障诊断研究

轴承是机械设备主要零部件之一,也是机械设备主要故障零部件之一。轴承故障问题为机械设备的重点,机械设备的使用受到故障轴承的直接影响。针对传统的卷积神经网络算法轴承故障诊断效率低下问题,本文提出了一种基于信号特征提取和卷积神经网络的优化方法。首先对原始数据信号进行时域和频域的信号特征提取,获得有效的故障特征值。之后,使用卷积神经网络对提取的特征值进行故障诊断,完成故障分类。本文使用美国凯斯西储大学的滚动轴承振动加速度信号作为数据集,对提出的方法进行验证,得到的故障诊断平均准确率为74.37%,准确率的方差为0.0001;传统的卷积神经网络算法故障诊断平均准确率为65.6%;准确率的方差为0.0019。实验结果表明,相比传统的卷积神经网络,提出的方法对轴承故障诊断的准确率有显著的提高,并且该方法的稳定性更佳,计算时间更少,综合性能更佳。     

基于CNN的变工况滚动轴承故障诊断研究

针对滚动轴承工作环境多变和样本不足导致故障诊断效果不佳的问题,提出一种多模态注意力卷积神经网络.该网络采用多个并行卷积层构建,并结合注意力机制,有效地提取了丰富的故障特征.然后提出了两种有限数据条件下的数据增强方法,解决了数据样本不足的问题.另外,将采集到的滚动轴承时域信号通过小波变换转换为时频图谱作为网络输入来提高数...     

Intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearing using hierarchical convolutional network based health state classification

Rolling bearing tips are often the most susceptible to electro-mechanical system failure due to high-speed and complex working conditions, and recent studies on diagnosing bearing health using vibration data have developed an assortment of feature extraction and fault classification methods. Due to the strong non-linear and non-stationary characteristics, an effective and reliable deep learning method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) is investigated in this paper making use of cognitive computing theory, which introduces the advantages of image recognition and visual perception to bearing fault diagnosis by simulating the cognition process of the cerebral cortex. The novel feature representation method for bearing data is first discussed using supervised deep learning with the goal of identifying more robust and salient feature representations to reduce information loss. Next, the deep hierarchical structure is trained in a robust manner that is established using a transmitting rule of greedy training layer by layer. Convolution computation, rectified linear units, and sub-sampling are applied for weight replication and reducing the number of parameters that need to be learned to improve the general feed-forward back propagation training. The CNN model could thus reduce learning computation requirements in the temporal dimension, and an invariance level of working condition fluctuation and ambient noise is provided by identifying the elementary features of bearings. A top classifier followed by a back propagation process is used for fault classification. Contrast experiments and analyses have been undertaken to delineate the effectiveness of the CNN model for fault classification of rolling bearings.     

Intelligent diagnosis method for rolling element bearing faults using possibility theory and neural network

This paper presents an intelligent diagnosis method for a rolling element bearing; the method is constructed on the basis of possibility theory and a fuzzy neural network with frequency-domain features of vibration signals. A sequential diagnosis technique is also proposed through which the fuzzy neural network realized by the partially-linearized neural network (PNN) can sequentially identify fault types. Possibility theory and the Mycin certainty factor are used to process the ambiguous relationship between symptoms and fault types. Non-dimensional symptom parameters are also defined in the frequency domain, which can reflect the characteristics of vibration signals. The PNN can sequentially and automatically distinguish fault types for a rolling bearing with high accuracy, on the basis of the possibilities of the symptom parameters. Practical examples of diagnosis for a bearing used in a centrifugal blower are given to show that bearing faults can be precisely identified by the proposed method.