航运物流企业数字化转型设计与效果分析

近年来航运业数字化的加速,凸显出传统航运物流企业日常运营中存在的服务匹配与结算缺乏自动化、业务数据因缺乏透明度而不作为可信证据采信等问题。区块链具有的透明化与可信等特点可以结合物联网与数字货币等技术帮助航运物流企业以数字化转型针对性地解决问题。因此,通过分析合理转型路径,设计基于“蚁群-智能合约”算法作航运服务自动化匹配、基于区块链与物联网提供运输进程可靠追踪服务及基于数字货币实现海运运费高效结算。以太坊测试链上的模拟结果表明了转型方案的有效性,其对内降低运营与结算成本、对外增强业务信息透明度与可信度的价值,提高了航运物流企业的竞争力。     

An integrated supply chain model for new products with imprecise production and supply under scenario dependent fuzzy random demand

In the present day business scenario, instant changes in market demand, different source of materials and manufacturing technologies force many companies to change their supply chain planning in order to tackle the real-world uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is to develop a multi-objective two-stage stochastic programming supply chain model that incorporates imprecise production rate and supplier capacity under scenario dependent fuzzy random demand associated with new product supply chains. The objectives are to maximise the supply chain profit, achieve desired service level and minimise financial risk. The proposed model allows simultaneous determination of optimum supply chain design, procurement and production quantities across the different plants, and trade-offs between inventory and transportation modes for both inbound and outbound logistics. Analogous to chance constraints, we have used the possibility measure to quantify the demand uncertainties and the model is solved using fuzzy linear programming approach. An illustration is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Sensitivity analysis is performed for maximisation of the supply chain profit with respect to different confidence level of service, risk and possibility measure. It is found that when one considers the service level and risk as robustness measure the variability in profit reduces.     

全球仓库配送系统创建高效的物流

The heart of any modern manufacturing business is an efficient warehouse management and distribution service. Customers' expectations about product delivery times and availability have changed such that they demand fast service-at low cost and with low errors. This paper introduces a computerized system solution called Warehouse Administration Service System or WASS, which enables the manufacturers, especially those manufacturers who are doing global business, to control their product flow from production to the customer. WASS supports the receiving, storing, shipping and inventory management of goods in which manufacturers create an effective logistics and supply chain management. The paper also shows the successful case that SKF* uses the WASS in its global warehouse distribution network to service customers in the most efficient way and concept of green supply chain.     

A strategic knowledge-based planning system for freight forwarding industry

In recent years, over half of the Hong Kong freight forwarding firms experienced a decline in business volume due to the growing challenge from the neighbour ports of Yantian and Shekou in Shenzhen, China, which operated in a much cheaper mode. In order to remain competitive, local freight forwarders in Hong Kong must establish a long-term union relationship with their customers such as the provision of customized logistics services. One of the ways is through the use of a co-loading shipment plan, which is a knowledge intensive and complex process involving multiple knowledge source and decision rules. This paper presents hybrid knowledge and model system, which integrates mathematical models with knowledge rules, in the formulation of such co-loading shipment plans. A strategic knowledge-based planning system, (SKPS) integrates knowledge rules with mathematical model for solving problems of co-loading shipment plans formulation and market constriction prevention, is proposed. The system was implemented in Elite World Logistics Service Limited (EW), a local freight forwarding company, for supporting the planning process of a co-loading shipping plan. The result reveals that both customer retention rate and resource utilization has increased significantly.     

论EDI对单证的作用

随着EDI的发展,船公司、货代越来越注重EDI的建设,EDI做一种软实力,整合上下游的供应链,节约了资源。     

Design and development of logistics workflow systems for demand management with RFID

This paper discusses demand and supply chain management and examines how artificial intelligence techniques and RFID technology can enhance the responsiveness of the logistics workflow. This proposed system is expected to have a significant impact on the performance of logistics networks by virtue of its capabilities to adapt unexpected supply and demand changes in the volatile marketplace with the unique feature of responsiveness with the advanced technology, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Recent studies have found that RFID and artificial intelligence techniques drive the development of total solution in logistics industry. Apart from tracking the movement of the goods, RFID is able to play an important role to reflect the inventory level of various distribution areas. In today’s globalized industrial environment, the physical logistics operations and the associated flow of information are the essential elements for companies to realize an efficient logistics workflow scenario. Basically, a flexible logistics workflow, which is characterized by its fast responsiveness in dealing with customer requirements through the integration of various value chain activities, is fundamental to leverage business performance of enterprises. The significance of this research is the demonstration of the synergy of using a combination of advanced technologies to form an integrated system that helps achieve lean and agile logistics workflow.     

机场货运物流业务服务管理系统的研究

近几年来,全球经济贸易的发展使得航空货运增长迅速。航空物流业作为我国国民经济中一个新兴的服务性行业,在迎接良好发展机遇时,也正面临着严峻的挑战。在这种形势下,如何提高我国航空货运服务的安全、效率和质量,成为我国航空物流企业参与市场竞争的首要问题。研究整合了机场货运物流管理系统结构,并对该系统进行了总体设计和功能模块的设计。     

Pricing and balancing of the sea–cargo service chain with empty equipment repositioning

To sustain a business, firms have to reposition empty containers from a surplus port to a port with a shortage and incur repositioning costs if the realized demands are unbalanced in the sea–cargo service chain. In this paper, we study a sea cargo service chain with one carrier and two forwarders providing transportation service between two ports, and there are potential demands for transportation services in both directions. We built a mathematical model to study how the carrier and forwarders determine pricing and empty equipment repositioning (hereafter EER) decisions. We find that whether or not the carrier and forwarders use pricing policies to balance the cargo demands depends on the potential demand imbalance volume between two ports. We also investigate the EER sharing strategy on whether to share the EER cost or undertake it solely. It is found that there exists a threshold, and when the EER cost is beyond the threshold value, the carrier assumes all of the repositioning costs; otherwise, the forwarder assumes all of the repositioning costs. Lastly, we study a subsidy contract between both forwarders and expand to study an EER sharing mode between the carrier and both forwarders.     

An intelligent logistics support system for enhancing the airfreight forwarding business

Abstract: Recent research related to the aircraft container loading and scheduling problem for airfreight forwarding business has seen significant advances in terms of load plan optimization, taking into account the cost and volume of packed boxes. In today's competitive industrial environment, it is essential that freight forwarders are able to collaborate with carriers (airline companies) to achieve the best possible selection of logistics workflow. However, study of contemporary research publications indicates that there is a dearth of articles related to the design and implementation of an intelligent logistics system to support decision‐making on carrier selection, aircraft container loading plans as well as carrier benchmarking. This paper presents an intelligent logistics support system (ILSS) which is able to provide expert advice related to the airfreight forwarding business, enhancing the logistics operations in relevant activities within the value chain of tasks. ILSS comprises a heuristics‐based intelligent expert system which supports carrier searching and cargo trading planning as well as load plan generation. The proposed approach is meant to enhance various operations in the airfreight forwarding business, adopting computational intelligence technologies such as rule‐based reasoning to provide domain advice and heuristics to support the generation of load plans. After potential outcomes are generated by the heuristics‐based intelligent expert system, a neural network engine is applied to support prediction of unexpected events. To validate the viability of this approach, a production system using the ILSS has been developed and subsequently applied in an emulated airfreight forwarding environment. The application results indicate that the operation time from searching for potential carriers to the execution of the order is greatly reduced. In this paper, details related to the structure, design and implementation of the ILSS are also covered with the inclusion of the actual program codes for building the prototype.     

市场竞争下平台与零售商的物流服务决策研究

近年来电商平台自营商品和零售商开辟线上销售渠道已非常普遍。拥有自建物流体系的电商平台不仅为电子零售商提供线上市场和物流服务,同时还建立线上自营店与电子零售商竞争市场,这种处于相互合作竞争关系下双方的物流服务决策行为值得研究。因此,运用委托代理理论,建立电商平台与电子零售商的两阶段动态博弈模型,分析不同情况下双方的最优物流服务决策。研究发现：存在一个市场需求和佣金率阈值,对于市场需求小于此阈值,电商平台收取佣金率高于此阈值的商品,电商平台能为电子零售商提供更高水平的物流服务和收取更低的物流费用,此时电子零售商会使用电商平台提供的物流服务,双方能实现合作共赢。对于市场需求大于此阈值,或者电商平台收取佣金率低于此阈值的商品,由于第三方物流企业能为电子零售商提供更高水平的物流服务和收取更低的物流费用,此时电子零售商会使用第三方物流企业的物流服务,而电商平台会通过调整佣金率提高自身利润。     

Sustainability SI: Bundling of Outbound Freight Flows: Analyzing the Potential of Internal Horizontal Collaboration to Improve Sustainability

This paper calculates the potential of reducing external transport costs through more systematic bundling of outbound freight flows. One way for companies to achieve more sustainable logistics, besides implementing a further modal shift, applying improved technologies or opting for external supply chain collaboration, is by optimizing the internal supply chain process within the company through horizontal internal collaboration across warehousing functions. The case studied in this paper focuses on a company with three neighboring distribution centers (DC’s), each specialized in a specific product category and each using a separate planning system. Most of the outbound flows are trucked, with only a small fraction transported by rail and short sea shipping. The collaboration approach looks at internal co-loading of the three product categories of the company with the objective to increase the fill level of the trailers/containers under current planning restrictions. To this purpose, a discrete event simulation is performed to evaluate a scenario where outbound product flows are brought together in a hypothetical cross-dock located on site next to the three DC’s. External transport cost savings of the resulting freight bundling potential are calculated.     

考虑客户吸引力的轴辐式海运网络优化

针对轴辐式集装箱海运网络优化问题,引入了基于服务约束(服务质量\价格\时间)的客户吸引力因素,定量表示出客户吸引力对集装箱货运量的影响。以海运网络中航运企业的利润最大化为目标,建立了轴辐式海运网络优化模型。使用遗传算法求解,通过算例分析证明该模型及算法的有效性,并分析了不同的规模经济折扣率、托运人的决策偏好权重对航运企业利润的影响。     

Deterministic approach to the fairest revenue-sharing coefficient in logistics service supply chain under the stochastic demand condition

In the design of the revenue-sharing contract, it is critical to determine a rational revenue-sharing coefficient which affects the coordination and stability of supply chain. In order to improve the existing system, one should take into account that the current revenue-sharing coefficient study only figures out its range rather than the specific value. This paper investigates the fairest revenue-sharing coefficient when the logistics service integrator and the functional logistics service provider implement revenue-sharing contract under stochastic demand condition; by focusing on a two-echelon logistics service supply chain composed of a logistics service integrator and a functional logistics service provider. Taken into consideration the non-storage property of logistics service supply chain, this paper establishes a Stackelberg game model by giving priority to the logistics service integrator. The interval of the revenue-sharing coefficient is obtained by revenue-sharing contract mechanism. Based on the principle of profit distribution equity, a fair entropy function is introduced and a non-linear programming model for solving the fairest revenue-sharing coefficient is established. Furthermore, this method is extended to a three-echelon logistics service supply chain composed of a logistics service integrator, a functional logistics service provider, and a logistics subcontractor. It is assumed that the logistics subcontractor fully commits to the logistics capacity of the functional logistics service provider and consequently a non-linear programming model is constructed to solve the fairest revenue-sharing coefficient of a three-echelon logistics service supply chain under stochastic demand condition. The results exemplifies that the proposed method can find out the fairest revenue-sharing coefficient in a two-echelon and a three-echelon logistics service supply chain, which provides an approach to revenue-sharing contract study.     

基于灰色AHP的物流服务供应链绩效评价研究

物流服务供应链是以物流服务集成商为核心,通过提供柔性化的物流服务,保证产品供应链物流运作的一种新型供应链。由于物流服务供应链是一个十分复杂的系统,在此提出了基于灰色层次分析法的物流服务供应链绩效评价方法,综合考虑不同专家对指标分类的意见,避免评估者评价时的主观性、片面性以及决策者对评估结果难做决断的现象。结合重庆某整车厂整合汽车物流供应链为例,对影响物流服务供应链绩效的因素进行了评价。     

考虑服务竞争的O2O 供应链决策与协调

O2O 模式下的双渠道供应链颠覆了传统的渠道价格竞争模式、价格协同机制和服务水平, 已成为决策的关键要素. 当供应链发生需求和服务替代系数突变时, 通过KKT条件求出不同扰动情形下制造商垂直O2O 供应链和零售商水平O2O 供应链的决策值, 然后设计了两部定价契约协调需求和服务替代系数同时扰动下的O2O 供应链. 研究表明, 两部定价契约可以协调零售商O2O 供应链, 当突变范围较大时, 作为博弈主导方的零售商将放弃加价销售,转向收取固定的转移支付.

     

Development of Wafer Warehouse Management System for Semiconductor Manufacturing Foundry Supply Chain

Efficiency of supply chains management mostly depends on the process coordination and information integration between the supply chain companies.The well-known integrated circuit design houses,the wafer fabrication industries, and the integrated circuit packaging/testing business has together formed a contiguous supply chain from materials to system in Taiwan during the past decades.Logistic management of the wafer hence becomes the key linkage in the semiconductor foundry supply chain.The objective of this paper is to develop the wafer warehouse management system for global wafer logistics.Current operations for wafer logistics management are firstly reviewed. The system requirements are analyzed by the model-driven business transformation approach.The business operation model and the platform-independent solution architecture for the wafer logistics management are constructed.A prototype information system is also developed for validation.Results of this research can improve the effectiveness and efficiency in wafer logistics management for the semiconductor foundry supply chain.     

物流服务供应链复杂网络脆弱性测度研究

合理评价物流服务供应链脆弱性是实现网络高效率的重要前提。分析物流服务供应链网络节点作用规律,引入聚集系数、最大连通度及连通效率作为网络脆弱性测度指标,基于所构建攻击策略对二级物流服务供应链网络进行实例研究。研究结果表明：所构建指标可较好描述物流服务供应链网络脆弱性能变化;相较于功能型物流服务供应商与物流客户,物流服务集成商对网络脆弱性影响程度最大。最后提出了物流服务供应链网络脆弱性的有效防范对策。     

基于SaaS的钢铁产业链协作平台

在市场竞争日益激烈的今天,通过构建产业链协作平台来增强产业链内企业合作,可以使之有效地应对快速变化的市场需求。SaaS为平台建设提供了一个有效的解决方案,并可以借助ESB把企业遗留系统无缝集成到平台中。本文分析钢铁产业链协作平台的独特需求,构建基于SaaS的钢铁产业链协作平台架构。该平台能够满足产业链协作需要,并提高整个产业链系统的竞争力。     

需求波动对集群供应链服务系统演化影响研究

由于市场需求波动会对供应链双方决策及服务系统稳定性产生影响,导致企业集群不稳定,影响集群式供应链的实施与运营。针对市场需求波动下,如何维持服务系统良好的稳定性,提升供应链的整体绩效,提出了一种服务系统演化仿真模型。该模型通过Agent建模技术构建“采购-供应”二级供应链环境,将服务系统纳入到该环境中进行演化,在演化中采用“计算实验”方法对市场需求参变量调控,最后在Repast平台上对服务系统的稳定性进行动态模拟分析。实验结果表明,该仿真模型在市场需求波动对服务系统稳定性分析方面具有较好的效果。     

基于MAS的供应链物流信息系统的研究

在日益变化的市场环境中，企业必须调整其物流流程与业务管理，使之适应的物流一体化的动态调整要求。MAS技术(Multi—Agent System)能够很好地完成动态调整的任务，因此本文将MAS技术运用至供应链物流信息系统，提出了基于MAS的供应链物流信息系统的三层结构，重点分析了动态协作联盟算法并给出了仿真验证。