低碳贝氏体高强钢Q690CFD焊接粗晶区组织韧性

利用Gleeble-2000热模拟试验机对低碳贝氏体高强钢Q690CFD进行不同焊接工艺下的热模拟试验,研究焊接条件下热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)组织、韧性及其变化规律.结果表明:CGHAZ组织为板条马氏体;CGHAZ韧性在800～500℃随冷却时间增大而降低;在合适的条件下焊接,CGHAZ可获得很好低温韧性.同时对粗...     

超低碳贝氏体钢及其焊接特性

超低碳贝氏体（ULCB）钢采用极低的碳含量，充分利用Mn,Mo,Nb,Ni,Ti,B等元素的合金化作用，通过ULCB组织最高的强韧性及优良的低温韧性。由于ULCB钢碳含量极低，焊接性优良，焊接热影响区（HAZ）韧性明显,裂纹敏感性显著降低。ULCB钢焊接时，焊缝金属是焊接接头的薄弱环节，研制开发超低碳贝氏体焊接材料是实现ULCB钢焊接的关键环节。     

高性能桥梁钢模拟焊接热影响区组织与性能研究

采用热模拟试验机Gleeble 3 800对高性能桥梁钢Q420q D焊接热影响区组织及韧性进行分析,主要研究峰值温度(Tmax)、冷却时间(t8/5)对焊接过程热影响区组织长大及低温韧性的影响。结果表明:Tmax为1 000℃时,模拟焊接热影响区组织为细小的铁素体+少量珠光体,韧性最好;Tmax为1 200~1 300℃时,组织为粗大的上贝氏体及粒状贝氏体,韧性最差;Tmax为1 400℃时,随着冷却时间(t8/5)的延长,粗晶区组织明显长大,先共析铁素体数量增加,M-A组元尺寸变大,韧性降低。     

铈对工程机械用700 MPa级高强钢焊接性能的影响

针对工业生产700 MPa级高强度调质态钢板,通过Gleeble3500热模拟机进行模拟焊接试验,利用光学显微镜、硬度仪、场发射扫描电镜等设备对比研究了稀土Ce对高强钢焊接热影响区（HAZ）显微组织、晶粒度和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,焊接热输入为25 kJ·cm?1和50 kJ·cm?1时,无稀土钢焊接热影响区冲击功分别为84.8 J和24.5 J,Ce质量分数为0.0018%的钢焊接热影响区冲击功分别为110.0 J和112.0 J,因此钢中加入适量Ce能够有效改善钢板焊接韧性。对比分析两种实验钢焊接热影响区晶粒尺寸和显微组织可以看出,随着焊接热输入值增大,高强钢焊接热影响区显微组织均逐渐从马氏体、下贝氏体转变为上贝氏体和粒状贝氏体组织,且奥氏体晶粒尺寸明显增大。但相同焊接热输入下,含Ce钢焊接热影响区晶粒尺寸显著减小,组织更加细小,且脆性的上贝氏体组织减少,从而显著提高了700 MPa级高强钢的焊接性能。      

钇基稀土微合金化E36船板钢热模拟焊接探讨

运用Gleeble—3800热模拟机对添加钇基稀土的E36船板钢(以下称E36RE船板钢)进行热模拟试验,研究不同热输入对E36RE船板钢模拟焊接热影响区组织和性能的影响.结果表明,随冷却时间(t8/5) 的增加,模拟焊接热影响区组织中贝氏体逐渐减少,板条状贝氏体向粒状贝氏体转变,冷却时间(t8/5) 增加到40 s时出现珠光体组织.当模拟热输入线能量为78.37 kJ/cm时,模拟焊接热影响区组织细小均匀,具有较好的强韧性,-40 ℃时冲击韧性为134.6 J.      

焊接热输入对X90管线钢CGHAZ组织和冲击性能的影响

采用焊接热模拟技术、显微组织分析和冲击试验的方法,研究焊接线能量对X90管线钢粗晶热影响区组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,不同线能量下试验钢的组织均为板条贝氏体(LBF)和粒状贝氏体(GBF),线能量为25 kJ/cm时,试验钢的组织主要为LBF,冲击功较高;随着焊接线能量的增加,GBF增加,晶粒粗化,韧性显著下降。     

焊接热循环过程对调质Q890D钢板性能和组织的影响

通过焊接热模拟试验,研究调质高强钢Q890D在不同冷却速度条件下的冲击性能和组织形貌.结果 表明:Q890D高强钢焊接热影响区过热区的组织为马氏体和贝氏体,贝氏体含量随着t8/5的增大呈增加趋势,-20℃冲击功随着t8/5的增大呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当t8/5为20 s时,低温冲击性能最好.     

冷却速度对10Ni5CrMo钢组织和性能的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,建立了10Ni5CrMo钢的连续冷却转变曲线。分析了10Ni5CrMo钢在不同冷却速度下的组织转变规律。结果表明:当冷却速度小于0.2℃/s时,钢中得到粒状贝氏体组织;当冷却速度为0.5℃/s时,组织为粒状贝氏体和下贝氏体;当冷却速度在1～2℃/s时,组织为板条状的马氏体和贝氏体的混合组织;当冷速进一步增大,达到5℃/s时,钢中得到了单一的马氏体组织。为了研究冷却速度对强度和低温韧性的影响,在实验室采用不同冷却方式模拟不同的冷却速度并进行冲击和拉伸试验,试验结果表明:不同冷却方式下钢的强度相差不大,低温冲击韧性有较大提高。对不同冷却方式下的精细结构进行深入分析,马贝混合细化了板条块及板条束。研究认为适当比例的马贝混合组织能提高10Ni5CrMo钢的低温韧性。     

高强耐候钢焊接热影响区组织演变

利用热模拟试验机研究了Nb-Ti高强耐候钢在不同热输入条件下的热影响区组织演变和韧性变化，并采用热力学软件模拟计算了高强耐候钢的相变规律以及钢中第二相析出特征。结果表明，随着热输入量增加，焊接热影响区组织由板条贝氏体、针状铁素体向粒状贝氏体转变，且晶粒粗化程度增加；随着热输入量增加，焊接热模拟试样的低温冲击韧性逐渐降低，冲击断口中韧窝数量不断减少，在50 kJ/cm热输入条件下，冲击断口中存在大量的大尺寸解理面；高强耐候钢铁素体+奥氏体两相温度区间为684～830℃,钢中第二相主要以(Nb, Ti)(C,N)、NbN、TiN和Ti₄C₂S₂形式存在，当温度高于1 200℃,钢中高熔点第二相为TiN和NbN。     

非调质低焊接冷裂纹敏感性钢WDB620的试制

按照焊接无裂纹钢（CF钢）的技术要求，试制了620MPa级非调质低焊接冷裂纹敏感性钢。该钢以晶粒细化，沉淀强化和贝氏体组织强化为主要手段并以微量Ti处理改善焊接热影响区韧性，具有良好的综合机械性能和焊接性能。     

Microstructure,Composition, and Impact Toughness Across the Fusion Line of High-Strength Bainitic Steel Weldments

This paper analyzed the evolution of microstructure, composition, and impact toughness across the fusion line of high-strength bainitic steel weldments with different heat inputs. The main purpose was to develop a convenient method to evaluate the HAZ toughness quickly. The compositions of HAZ were insensitive to higher contents of alloy elements (e.g., Ni, Mo) in the weld metal because their diffusion distance is very short into the HAZ. The weld metal contained predominantly acicular ferrite at any a heat input, whereas the main microstructures in the HAZ changed from lath martensite/bainite to upper bainite with the increasing heat input. The evolution of HAZ toughness in relation to microstructural changes can be revealed clearly combined with the impact load curve and fracture morphology, although the results of impact tests do not show an obvious change with heat input because the position of Charpy V notch contains the weld metal, HAZ as well as a part of base metal. As a result, based on the bead-on-plate welding tests, the welding parameter affecting the HAZ toughness can be evaluated rapidly.     

Low Cost High Performance Steel Plate With Superior HAZ Toughness for Large Heat Input Welding

In this paper, a laboratory study has been made to develop low cost high performance steel plates with superior HAZ toughness for large heat input welding. Simulated results show that the absorbed impact energy of heat-affected zone (HAZ) at -20℃reaches above 200J when large heat inputs of 100 to 400kJ/cm were applied, suggestive of superior HAZ toughness for large heat input welding of developed steel plate. The microstructures in HAZ are transformed from mainly fine ferrite and bainite at 100kJ/cm, through an intermediate stage of ferrite, bainite and pearlite at 200 and 300kJ/cm, to nearly fine ferrite and pearlite at 400kJ/cm. The prior austenite grain size and ferrite grain size in HAZ are controlled to ～50 and ～20μm, respectively. The high HAZ toughness is due to the inhibition of prior austenite grain size at high temperatures and the formation of beneficial microstructures to HAZ toughness during continuous cooling.     

焊接热循环参数对大线能量焊接用钢EH40热影响区组织和性能的影响

利用热模拟技术及光学显微镜、透射电镜研究了焊接热循环参数对大线能量焊接用船板钢热影响区组织和性能的影响.发现模拟焊接热影响区组织主要由粒状贝氏体、铁素体和珠光体组成,且随着峰值温度和冷却时间的变化,热影响区的组织发生较大的变化;热影响区的冲击韧性总体水平较高,均在200 J以上,冲击韧性并不随着峰值温度和冷却时间的增加而单调变化;热影响区M-A岛的数量、尺寸、分布和形态影响热影响区的韧性.      

硼在低碳贝氏体钢中作用的实验研究

对不同成分的低碳贝氏体钢的组织、性能及冷却曲线进行了研究,分析了硼对低碳贝氏体钢组织、性能的影响.结果表明,硼使铁素体、珠光体转变点下降,CCT冷却曲线右移;含硼低碳贝氏体钢更易得到均匀的贝氏体组织,硼对强度的贡献作用很大;在一般工程应用中室温不预热条件下,含硼低碳贝氏体钢焊接不产生冷裂纹。同时简单探讨了冷却速率对硼淬透性的影响及含硼钢冲击韧性波动的原因。     

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The distribution of microstructure and mechanical properties in welding heat affected zone (HAZ) of a high-Nb high strength pipeline steel was studied by simulating two type welding heat inputs on Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator. The results show that the micro-hardness of HAZ is higher then base metal without obvious softening. However, the toughness for intercritical heat affected zone and coarse grain zone of heat affected zone deteriorates. M/A islands with large size distributed in chain structure along prior austenite grain boundary cause the decrease of toughness in intercritical heat affected zone. Coarsening and mixed crystal of prior austenite grain, coarse bainite lath cluster and M/A island with large size distributed at boundary of bainite lath cluster result in deterioration of toughness in coarse grain. High alloy content and carbon equivalent are main reason to result in the decrease of the toughness.     

HB400级高强度准贝氏体耐磨钢板的组织与性能

研究了热轧、低温回火和热轧、正火、低温回火及轧态不同温度回火工艺对新型HB400级高强度准贝氏体耐磨钢板的组织和力学性能及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明，2种状态下耐磨板的组织由贝氏体铁索体(BF)和残余奥氏体(AR)组成，具有良好的强韧性及耐磨性能。低温回火可以改善耐磨钢板的韧性。新型耐磨钢板具有较强的回火抗力。用准贝氏体钢生产高强度耐磨板具有生产工艺简单，成本低廉等特点。     

Effects of B and Cu Addition and Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Low-Carbon, High-Strength Bainitic Steels

The effects of B and Cu addition and cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon, high-strength bainitic steels were investigated in this study. The steel specimens were composed mostly of bainitic ferrite, together with small amounts of acicular ferrite, granular bainite, and martensite. The yield and tensile strengths of all the specimens were higher than 1000?MPa and 1150?MPa, respectively, whereas the upper shelf energy was higher than 160?J and energy transition temperature was lower than 208?K (?C65?°C) in most specimens. The slow-cooled specimens tended to have the lower strengths, higher elongation, and lower energy transition temperature than the fast-cooled specimens. The Charpy notch toughness was improved with increasing volume fraction of acicular ferrite because acicular ferrites favorably worked for Charpy notch toughness even when other low-toughness microstructures such as bainitic ferrite and martensite were mixed together. To develop high-strength bainitic steels with an excellent combination of strength and toughness, the formation of bainitic microstructures mixed with acicular ferrite was needed, and the formation of granular bainite was prevented.     

Thermal simulation of HAZ regions in modern high strength steel

Abstract

Thermal simulation of the heat affected zone (HAZ) resulting from single and dual torch mechanised pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) has been achieved in an X80 line pipe. The continuous cooling of an X80 steel with initial acicular microstructure over Δt_8-5 from 2 to 50 s results in mixed bainite and martensite microstructure at fast cooling times, bainite at intermediate cooling times and granular bainite with bainite at longer cooling times. These phases were confirmed through optical and electron microscopy. The resulting transformation temperatures have been assembled and presented as a continuous cooling transformation diagram. The toughness of the steel was examined with Charpy impact specimens for three simulated HAZ cooling cycles, grain coarsened (GC HAZ), intercritically reheated grain coarsened (ICR GC HAZ) and an interrupted intercritically reheated grain coarsened (NTR ICR GC HAZ). The NTR ICR GC HAZ is a novel HAZ that can result from dual torch welding at fast travel speed and close torch spacing. All of the thermally simulated HAZ regions showed reduced toughness that was attributed to bainitic microstructure and large effective grain sizes.

On a effectué la simulation thermique de la zone affectée par la chaleur (HAZ) résultant du soudage mécanisé à arc pulsé, à chalumeau unique ou double sous protection gazeuse (P-GMAW), dans un tuyau de conduite X80. Le refroidissement en continu d’un acier X80 avec microstructure initiale aciculaire pour un Dt8-5 de 2 à 50 sec a pour résultat une microstructure mixte de bainite et de martensite à des temps rapides du refroidissement, de la bainite à des temps intermédiaires de refroidissement, et de la bainite granulaire avec de la bainite à de plus longs temps de refroidissement. On a confirmé ces phases par microscopie optique et électronique. On a assemblé les températures de transformation qui en résultaient et on les présente sous forme de diagramme de transformation en refroidissement continu. On a examiné la ténacité de l’acier avec des échantillons de résilience Charpy pour trois cycles simulés de refroidissement de l’HAZ, soit avec grossissement du grain (GC HAZ), re-chauffage intercritique et grossissement du grain (ICR GC HAZ) et re-chauffage intercritique interrompu et grossissement du grain (NTR ICR GC HAZ). L’HAZ NTR ICR GC est une nouvelle HAZ qui peut résulter du soudage à chalumeau double à vitesse de déplacement élevée et à faible espacement de chalumeau. Toutes les régions HAZ simulées thermiquement montraient une réduction de la ténacité, qui était attribuée à la microstructure bainitique et aux grandes tailles effectives du grain.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a New Low Carbon Bainitic Weathering Steel

A low carbon bainitic weathering steel with Cu-P alloying was developed.The mechanical properties and hot-rolled microstructures of the new steel at different finishing temperatures were investigated.Cu-P alloying produced strong solution strengthening,delayed the transformation of austenite to bainite,thereby increased the amount of M/A islands.The interaction of phosphorous and copper atoms with dislocations inhibited the recovery process and the formation of subgrains.Low temperature rolling promoted the formation of bainite plates and reduced the size of M/A island,which were beneficial to improving the low temperature impact toughness of phosphorus-bearing low carbon bainitic steel.     

Microstructures relevant to brittle fracture initiation at the heat-affected zone of weldment of a low carbon steel

Charpy toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of weldment of a low carbon steel has been investigated by means of an instrumented Charpy test and fractographic analysis. Microstructures were varied with thermal cycles simulating double-pass welding. The ductile-brittle transition temperature is the most deteriorated at an intermediate second-cycle heating temperature. The origin of the difference in the transition temperatures has been analyzed to exist in the brittle fracture initiation stage. Fractographic examination correlating with microstructural features has revealed that the brittle fracture initiation site is associated with the intersection of bainitic ferrite areas with different orientations rather than the martensite-austenite constituents. The role of the constraint of plastic deformation on the brittle fracture initiation is discussed.