共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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选择性催化还原技术是目前消除NOx的主流技术。碳材料作为自然界广泛存在的一种材料,具有比表面积大、化学稳定性好、结构可调控和表面可改性等优点,广泛应用于低温选择性催化还原反应。综述不同类型碳材料包括活性炭、活性炭纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯和多孔碳在低温选择性催化还原中的应用,介绍碳材料作为活性组分和催化剂载体的使用情况,讨论表面化学改性对催化NOx性能的影响,阐述碳材料在加快反应速率和提升催化剂抗硫中毒方面的独特性能,并展望碳材料作为新型载体材料在低温选择性催化还原中的应用前景。 相似文献
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针对常温、含高浓度O2 的NO污染气体排放控制,典型的选择性催化还原(SCR)技术已不再适用。以碳基活性材料为催化剂的NO常温催化氧化技术得到了广泛关注,该技术在常温和高浓度O2条件下将NO氧化为NO2,并以硝酸或硝酸盐形式加以回收利用,因此具有环保和经济双重效益,应用前景广阔。本文简要综述了碳基活性材料常温催化氧化NO的研究进展,阐述了NO催化氧化机理,介绍了碳基活性材料的表面物化特性和反应条件(O2浓度、NO浓度、GHSV、反应温度、水蒸气和催化剂粒径等)对催化氧化NO的影响,以及活性炭、活性炭纤维、碳纳米纤维、炭干凝胶、金属负载碳基活性材料、炭化污泥等不同碳基活性材料的催化特性,总结并展望了未来碳基活性材料低温催化氧化NO的发展方向。 相似文献
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针对目前选择性催化还原脱硝技术在使用过程中需要对废气进行高温加热、成本高、在应用过程中催化剂极易出现中毒失活、可靠性差的问题,提出了一种新的超低温催化脱硝技术,以碳基材料催化剂为核心,实现了在"超低温度"下的催化还原.实际应用表明,新的催化技术能够实现在200℃下的高效率脱硝,脱硝率达到了73.8%,对降低脱硝成本、减... 相似文献
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富勒烯类炭材料作为新型载体在多相催化中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
评述了富勒烯类新型炭材料作为金属催化剂的载体在多相催化领域中的潜在应用途径。首先概要介绍这些炭材料在均相和多相催化中一些应用实例,然后分别详细分绍C60分子化合物、单壁纳米炭管和多壁纳米炭管等富勒烯类新型炭材料的催化性能及其应用。 相似文献
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Xiang-Hui Yu Jin-Long Yi Ru-Liang Zhang Feng-Yun Wang Lei Liu 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2021,15(6):1380
Hollow carbon spheres have garnered great interest owing to their high surface area, large surface-to-volume ratio and reduced transmission lengths. Herein, we overview hollow carbon sphere-based materials and their noble metal-free hybrids in catalysis. Firstly, we summarize the key fabrication techniques for various kinds of hollow carbon spheres, with a particular emphasis on controlling pore structure and surface morphology, and then heterogeneous doping as well as their metal-free/containing hybrids are presented; next, possible applications for non-noble metal/hollow carbon sphere hybrids in the area of energy-related catalysis, including oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, water splitting, rechargeable Zn-air batteries and pollutant degradation are discussed; finally, we introduce the various challenges and opportunities offered by hollow carbon spheres from the perspective of synthesis and catalysis. 相似文献
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以丙二酸二异丙酯、二硫化碳、氢氧化钠、二氯乙烷为原料,采用季铵盐相转移催化法合成稻瘟灵,收率≥77%,纯度≥95%。 相似文献
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苯胺是重要的化工原料和合成中间体,通过硝基苯的催化还原反应可以方便地制备苯胺类化合物。多孔碳材料因其高比表面积、发达的孔隙结构和容易回收等特点在催化领域越来越受到重视,然而其应用受到自身活性位点缺乏和化学惰性的限制。杂原子掺杂可以增强碳材料的表面极性,调节电子结构,改善其催化性能,可作为硝基苯催化还原反应的有效催化剂。本文对近年来掺杂多孔碳材料在硝基苯催化还原反应中的研究进展进行了总结。本文概述了氮掺杂型多孔碳材料、共掺杂型多孔碳材料、负载贵金属的掺杂多孔碳材料和负载廉价金属的掺杂多孔碳材料这4种主要的掺杂多孔碳材料的制备方法,并详细介绍了不同掺杂多孔碳材料在催化硝基苯催化还原反应时的催化性能、可能的催化活性位点以及催化机理。最后,指出目前掺杂多孔碳材料催化硝基苯还原还需要解决反应选择性、催化剂催化活性和生产成本等问题,以生物质为前体,开发共掺杂型和二元双金属负载的掺杂多孔碳材料是未来的重要发展方向之一。 相似文献
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胶原基衍生炭具有原料来源广泛、成本低廉、孔结构可调、导电性能优异、缺陷密度高和多原子掺杂等优点,在水处理领域展现出巨大的发展潜力。本文回顾了胶原基衍生炭在国内外的研究现状;对目前常用的前体材料,包括虾壳、鱼鳞、蟹壳、牡蛎壳、动物骨骼和动物皮等进行归纳总结;并就不同的活化与改性工艺,包括碳酸钙或羟基磷灰石自活化法、羟基磷灰石(或碳酸钙)和KOH协同活化法、钾化合物辅助法等,对调控孔隙结构和表面官能团等方面的影响进行了分析比较;重点探讨了其在吸附与催化氧化等水处理领域中的应用。最后,针对水处理过程中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策措施并展望了发展趋势,以期为胶原基衍生炭在实际废水处理中的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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V. Calvino-Casilda A. J. López-Peinado C. J. Durán-Valle R. M. Martín-Aranda 《Catalysis Reviews》2013,55(3):325-380
This review is devoted to the application and knowledge developed in the past 10 years in the area of chemical processes catalyzed by activated carbon supported catalysts. Activated carbons are well known for their catalytic properties and for being used as support in heterogeneous catalysis. The supported catalysts have been successfully used in the chemical industries for long time. In the last decade, carbon supported catalysts have opened the door for new chemical catalytic processes based on their intrinsic features. However, fundamental understanding of molecular structure-reactivity relationship of these carbon materials remains unexplored. Futures advances in all areas may be possible through combined experimental and theoretical approaches. 相似文献
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New Paradigms and Future Critical Directions in Heterogeneous Catalysis and Multifunctional Reactors
Makarand R. Gogate 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2017,204(1):1-27
Heterogeneous catalysis is a key pillar of the global industrial chemical and petrochemical sector, and 85% of all chemical products are produced with at least one catalytic step. Indeed, catalysis and catalytic reactors are a critical underpinning science for energy, environmental, and economic security. This paper reviews some future critical directions for research in catalysis science, toward a greener and more sustainable future. We believe that even a relatively mature field as heterogeneous catalysis and nanomaterials can be vitalized and spurred by major discoveries, but an outside-the-box thinking and a focused effort in a large plurality of disciplines is necessary. Thus, critical research needs in several areas, including heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, photocatalysis, electrochemical conversions, and computational catalysis, are reviewed. The research needs of the future lie at the intersection of synthesis of novel nanostructured materials with tunable pore size distribution, controlled porosity, and high surface area; development of new catalytic applications for such materials; and the science of advanced characterization including in situ spatiotemporal analysis. In the area of computational catalysis, we believe that the future lies in the development of hybrid methods (parallel and serial) which can model the typical multiscale phenomena that are typically encountered in protein translocation and signal transduction, charge transport, enzymatic catalysis, surface chemistry, and self-assembly in complex fluids. As we promulgate the new directions to the catalysis fraternity, some prior research areas will unfortunately need to be relegated to obsolescence, to maintain a healthy balance on the research forefront. 相似文献