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土工膜焊缝剪切强度是整个防渗结构可靠性保障的关键因素之一。为了得到充气时间和充气压强对土工膜焊缝质量的影响,本文选择七种不同厚度的HDPE土工膜在不同充气时间和充气压强条件下进行焊缝剪切强度试验。试验结果表明:相同充气时间和充气压强条件下,土工膜焊缝剪切强度随着土工膜厚度的增加而增大,且曲线变化几乎一致;无论充气压力多少,充气时间长短,相同土工膜厚度试验条件下,不同厚度的HDPE土工膜在焊缝剪切强度方面表现出良好的稳定性,所有试验组的焊缝剪切强度值大小及其变化相近,剪切强度变化系数最大为6.72%,最小为0.81%,充气压力和充气时间对土工膜焊缝剪切强度影响很微小;土工膜焊缝剪切破坏主要发生在焊缝区域与土工膜母材的连接处薄弱部位,应当引起重视。 相似文献
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复合衬垫系统广泛应用于垃圾卫生填埋场,是防止渗沥液污染物渗漏扩散的重要屏障。在垃圾重力及沉降作用下易造成斜坡上复合衬垫系统拉伸破坏或沿其界面产生滑移而失稳。目前,由于缺乏对复合衬垫系统内部剪力传递机理的认识,仍难完全解决以上两大岩土工程问题。因此,设计并采用复合衬垫系统大型斜坡模型试验装置开展了其内部剪力传递机理的研究。该装置通过砂袋加载模拟填埋过程,采用手拉葫芦为核心的滑移控制系统再现了土工膜/土工织物界面的渐进累积破坏过程。试验结果表明:当外部剪力小于峰值强度时,界面不会进入残余状态,上覆的土工合成材料锚固端的拉力也非常小;但当外部剪力超过界面峰值强度时,界面就会逐渐进入残余状态,并最终达到残余强度。同时,薄弱界面上覆的土工合成材料锚固端的拉力也显著增加,严重时甚至被完全拉断。 相似文献
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通过对硅藻质泥岩试样进行等压固结试验,固结不排水三轴压缩试验以及蠕变试验,测定了分析了正常固结领域和超固结领域软岩的残留强度特性和蠕变特性,研究了不同的固结压力对软岩残留强度的影响规律,以及软岩中断裂面的有无与残留强度的关系,得出了有关规律性。 相似文献
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通过十字板剪切流变仪试验,得到了剪切阻力、含水量、孔隙水压力与应变速率的变化曲线。试验表明,含水砂层的流变曲线呈现稳态流变阶段和加速流变阶段。稳态流变阶段又可分为弹性变形、初始流变和非加速流变过程。初始流变过程含水量和孔隙水压力上升,后保持稳定;经过较长时间的流变后,进入非加速流变阶段,剪切阻力呈现波动下降趋势;达到屈服抗剪强度时,进入加速流变阶段,应变速率迅速增大。通过对加速流变过程曲线进行拟合,得出加载剪应力、屈服抗剪强度和应变速率的关系。分析表明,干燥细砂的抗剪强度主要来自颗粒间的摩擦力,当含水量增加时,颗粒被水分子包围,削弱了颗粒间的作用力,其流变特性就发生了明显的变化;反映这一变化过程的主要参数是屈服抗剪强度,其与加载剪应力和含水量有关。 相似文献
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卫生填埋法是我国处理城市固体废弃物(MSW)主要方法。为了在垃圾填埋场稳定性分析时合理地选取城市固体废弃物剪切强度参数,参照填埋场城市固体废弃物的主要成分,人工配制固体废弃物试样,通过固结排水剪切试验结果分析,讨论了不同降解程度的城市固体废弃物抗剪强度指标变化规律。 相似文献
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近年来,土工织物膨润土垫(GCL)被越来越多地应用到各种防渗工程之中,它的防渗有效性也成为了设计人员和研究人员所关注的焦点。GCL的防渗有效性包括渗透性能、吸附能力和内部剪切强度三个方面。通过水化膨胀试验和渗透试验研究了GCL在竖向应力作用下的膨胀特性和渗透性能,并分析了正应力和加压水化顺序的影响。试验结果表明:(1)随着竖向应力的增大,GCL的膨胀量不断减小,而GCL的渗透系数则出现先减小后略有增大的规律;(2)水化加压顺序对GCL的膨胀量和渗透系数均有影响;(3)在实际工程应用中,GCL铺设完成后在堆载之前最好完全水化,这样能够大大提高GCL的防渗有效性。 相似文献
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Two groups of laboratory tests were carried out to investigate the effect of bentonite extrusion from a hydrated GCL on the shear strength of GCL/GM interfaces. All tests were performed with the woven geotextile side of GCL against the GM. The first group of tests were one-dimensional loading tests in which the GCL/GM specimens were subjected to hydration and vertical loading involving different sequences and loading rates. The second group of tests were large direct shear tests that studied the effect of shearing on bentonite extrusion and hence on shear strength reduction. It was found that bentonite extrusion occurs more readily from GCL/GM interfaces subjected to a swelling-loading sequence than those subjected to a loading-swelling sequence. The quantity of extruded bentonite during the normal loading showed an increasing trend with an increase in loading rate. The total mass/area of extruded bentonite during the normal loading ranged from 0 to 21.9 g/m2, which was less than the quantity of bentonite extruded during the subsequent shearing (i.e., 10.7 – 81.1 g/m2). It was found that the volume of bentonite extruded at the large shear displacement caused a significant strength loss equivalent with 8° in terms of interface friction angle. The influence of bentonite extrusion on the peak shear strength showed a magnitude of 3.5° in terms of interface friction angle. The relatively insignificant bentonite extrusion during hydration and normal loading was observed to have a minor effect on the strength loss. Observations from the experimental results provide further insight into the mechanisms of bentonite extrusion. 相似文献
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针刺GCL和HDPE土工膜(GM)在防渗工程中应用广泛,含多层界面的复合衬里整体抗剪强度是边坡稳定性分析的关键。介绍了含针刺GCL复合衬里的大单剪试验方法,并且对比分析了针刺GCL初始状态分别为干燥和完全水化两种情况下的复合衬里抗剪强度。结果表明,复合衬里的剪切破坏不会发生在干燥针刺GCL内部界面,而GCL干燥状态下的复合衬里单剪强度未必高于GCL完全水化状态下的复合衬里单剪强度。结合含GCL复合衬里的剪切破坏机理,阐述了针刺GCL的水化状态对复合衬里抗剪强度的影响。含GCL复合衬里在不同水化状态下的界面滑移稳定性都应引起工程人员的重视。 相似文献
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The composite liner system consisting of geomembrane (GMB) and geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) has been widely used in landfills. Although there have been a lot of studies on the monotonic shear behavior of GMB/GCL composite liner, the dynamic test data are still very limited and consequently, the dynamic shear mechanism is not clear. A series of displacement-controlled cyclic shear tests were conducted to study the shear behavior of GMB/GCL composite liner, including the shear stress versus horizontal displacement relationships, backbone curves, and shear strengths. Hysteretic loops in the shape of parallelogram were obtained and equivalent linear analyses revealed that the secant shear stiffness decreased and the damping ratio increased with the rise in loading cycles. According to the test results, it is generally acceptable to predict the dynamic peak strength of a GMB/GCL composite liner with its static strength envelope. Furthermore, the dynamic softening mechanism and rate-dependent shear stiffnesses were well described by the proposed equations, which also facilitate the accurate modeling of the cyclic shear behavior. 相似文献
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通过自行研制的大型恒刚度桩土界面直剪仪,进行6种剪切速率的黏性土混凝土界面剪切试验,探讨剪切速率对黏性土混凝土界面抗剪强度的影响规律。结果表明:在黏性土混凝土界面,超孔隙水压力随着剪切速率的提高而增大;法向应力和剪切速率通过影响超孔隙水压力大小,决定黏性土混凝土界面剪切峰值强度和剪切破坏位移的大小;剪应力剪切位移关系曲线由基本一致变化到一定范围内产生偏离,且法向应力和剪切速率越大偏离越显著,并出现明显的应变软化现象;剪切速率从0.4mm/min增加至5.0mm/min,黏性土混凝土界面抗剪强度减小幅度增大,摩擦系数减小0.1,有效黏着力的变化介于0.81~5.93kPa之间。 相似文献
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为研究冻融循环作用对冻土-混凝土界面冻结强度的影响,对不同冻融循环次数、法向应力、试验温度及土体初始含水率条件下的冻结界面进行了系列直剪试验,研究经历冻融循环后界面峰值剪切强度、残余剪切强度及强度参数的变化规律。试验结果表明:冻融循环对界面剪切应力与水平位移曲线形态影响很小,经历20次循环后曲线仍是应变软化型。冻融循环对峰值剪切应力的影响强于对残余剪切应力的影响,表明其对界面胶结冰含量产生影响。当土体初始含水率较低且温度较高时,冻融循环使界面峰值剪切强度增加,但变化量较小。然而在含水率较高(20.8%)及试验温度较低时(-5℃),峰值剪切强度随着冻融循环增加而降低。因此在土体含水率较高且冻结温度较低时,对于发生小变形的冻结界面需要重视冻融循环对峰值剪切应力的影响。不同初始含水率、试验温度下冻融循环对残余剪切强度的影响较小且变化规律不明显。在试验温度为-1℃,-3℃,-5℃时,峰值黏聚力随冻融循环增加分别表现为增加、波动和下降,推测是由于界面胶结冰含量不同而引起。峰值摩擦角和残余摩擦角随冻融循环次数增加略有变化。 相似文献
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海洋工程中现行的桩-土界面剪切强度设计方法一般有两种:(1)根据工程经验与规范进行判断;(2)根据土层地质勘查报告中的土体强度参数进行判断。对于海洋桩基而言,合理地确定土-结构物界面的剪切强度尤为重要。界面剪切强度将直接影响桩基承载力的大小,过高或过低地估算桩基承载力都可能会造成严重工程事故发生。为了研究沉桩过程中桩-土界面特性,通过自制大型直剪仪对不同粒径的土样进行了直剪试验分析,提出"抗剪糙度"概念,研究了砂土的内摩擦角、相对密度和抗剪糙度三者之间的关系和黏土的抗剪糙度与不排水强度间的关系。研究表明,土与钢板界面的抗剪糙度并非常数,砂土抗剪糙度的变化规律性较强,而软黏土的抗剪糙度受固结程度、扰动程度、土体强度等因素影响而呈现较大变化。最后,对"抗剪糙度"在实际工程中的运用提出了一定的建议。 相似文献
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目前在水利、岩土、隧道、石油等工程中混凝土材料处于塑性状态,需要按弹塑性理论来分析计算,因此必须知道衬砌混凝土材料的剪切强度参数,即黏聚力c与内摩擦角φ,但目前国内尚无确定的统一方法和标准。借鉴岩土抗剪强度试验原理,在现有试验设备条件下,提出将直剪试验与单轴抗压试验相结合的方法来测试混凝土的剪切强度。通过对不同强度等级混凝土进行室内试验,得到相应强度等级混凝土剪切强度指标c、φ值,同时利用理论公式和有限元超载法对不同等级混凝土剪切强度进行理论与数值验证,结果表明本研究提出的抗剪强度试验方法与剪切强度指标是基本准确可靠的。 相似文献
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《Geotextiles and Geomembranes》2021,49(6):1451-1469
A laboratory investigation was conducted on two different conventional GCLs (one with fine granular and another one with powdered bentonite) to explore the effect of prehydration and permeant fluid; GCL desiccation on the interface transmissivity, θ, between the interfaces of a 1.5 mm-thick high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane (GMB) and a GCL. The study also aimed to assess the self-healing capacity of desiccated GCLs for three different permeant solutions under a range of applied stresses (10–150 kPa). It was found that at stresses less than 70 kPa, θ was dominated by variability in the initial contact condition between the GMB-GCL interfaces. The effect of other factors was largely masked by the contact variability. At 100–150 kPa, the effects of initial variability were largely eliminated, but there was no notable effect of other factors on θ in the absence of desiccation. GCL desiccation increased θ by up to three orders of magnitude than an intact specimen at 10–100 kPa. Even at 150 kPa, desiccated specimens had a θ ≤ 8.0 × 10−9 m2/s for all specimens tested. The chemical composition of the permeant solutions, crack width, and nature of bentonite could play an important role in healing the cracks of desiccated GCLs. 相似文献