四苯基乙烯类化合物在荧光传感领域的研究进展

具有聚集诱导发光效应的四苯基乙烯类化合物在有机发光二极管、液晶器件、超分子组装、传感器等领域得到了深入研究,其独特的分子结构和优异的光学性质在荧光传感领域有巨大的应用价值.综述了近几年四苯基乙烯类化合物在荧光传感领域的研究进展.     

有机半导体照明(有机照明)研究进展

采用有机发光二极管(OLEDs)的有机半导体照明(有机照明)是绿色环保、健康安全的新型面光源,有望在固态照明领域得到广泛的应用。有机照明的发展是随着有机发光材料的不断进步而进步的。有机发光材料从最初的荧光材料发展到磷光材料以及最近提出的热活化延迟荧光材料,其性能在不断地提升。基于这些材料的白光OLEDs的性能也在不断提升。最早的白光器件基于荧光小分子材料,但是由于只能利用单线态激子发光,效率很低。随后磷光材料的引入使得白光器件的效率大幅度提升,但是由于蓝色磷光材料本身的稳定性问题,全磷光白光器件的寿命较短。为了结合荧光和磷光的优点,人们提出了荧光/磷光杂化的白光器件,这是目前最有前景的一类白光器件结构。目前针对有机照明的研究,已从早期只关注效率突破阶段,进入到综合提高效率和寿命阶段。从荧光白光、磷光白光以及荧光/磷光混合白光3个方面对有机照明的研究状况、发展趋势进行了介绍。     

用于短波红外探测器的微透镜阵列制作

采用光刻胶热熔法制作具有特定尺寸的微透镜,制作的微透镜能将微透镜阵列技术应用于短波1 μm ~3 μm红外探测器中,有效地提高探测器件的光电性能。采用AZ P4620厚光刻胶,利用紫外光刻技术,对透镜制作中的前烘、曝光和显影、坚膜、热熔等工艺进行了深入细致的实验研究,确定了最优的工艺参数,实现了球冠直径在(5.5±0.5) μm,曲率半径3 μm的微透镜,且透镜有很好的均匀性和一致性,满足近红外探测器件的要求。     

热激活延迟荧光材料敏化的螺烯对映体有机发光二极管:一种提高电致圆偏振发光效率的新策略

为了提高基于手性荧光分子的有机圆偏振发光二极管(CPOLED)器件效率,本文提出了一种全新的热激活延迟荧光材料敏化圆偏振发光(TAS-CPL)的策略.设计合成了一对具有刚性骨架的螺烯对映体(P)-HAI和(M)-HAI作为器件的手性发光客体,研究发现螺烯对映体具有高的热稳定性、手性构型稳定性、良好的光物理性质,尤其是具...     

微透镜阵列与针孔阵列合成的微光学器件的研制

给出用于并行共焦显微镜中的微光学阵列器件的制作工艺。特别设计了微透镜阵列与针孔阵列对准粘接的机械和观察系统。实验证明系统是简易可行的,并给出了实验结果。     

全光纤荧光海水中叶绿素α浓度在线监测系统的研究

本文介绍了能够实现对海水中叶绿素α浓度在线测量的全光纤荧光测量系统。系统将荧光法、光纤技术相结合，采用超高亮度蓝色发光二极管作为激发光源，并配合有效的微弱信号检测技术。     

新型有机电致荧光材料研究进展

有机发光二极管因独特的优势被看作新一代的照明及平面显示技术,引起了研究人员的广泛关注。传统的荧光材料仅能利用单重态激子发光,因而效率并不理想。近年来,能够利用三重态激子能量发光的新型荧光材料的研究实现了新的突破。按照三重态激子到单重态激子的转化机理,荧光材料可以分为三重态-三重态湮灭、热致延迟荧光和局域电荷转移杂化激发态三种特殊类型。本文围绕着这几种类型的荧光材料展开了探讨,介绍了有机电致荧光器件的概况以及不同类型荧光材料的发光机理,并从分子设计的角度说明了高性能发光器件的设计思路。     

微透镜填充因子快速检测方法

本文提出了一种有效的微透镜阵列填充因子快速检测方法.文章从光的标量衍射理论出发,分析了连续浮雕微透镜阵列的衍射光斑分布与透镜子口径、透镜矢高之间的关系,推导出了微透镜阵列远场衍射光斑的理论模型,用该模型对不同填充因子的微透镜阵列为例进行计算机模拟分析,并且搭建了实验装置来获得实际的衍射光斑.结果表明,模拟光强分布与实际衍射光斑相当接近,在此基础上给出了微透镜衍射光斑分布与填充因子之间的半定量关系,为微透镜阵列的快速检测提供了一种有效手段.这种方法可以实现微透镜阵列的准确、简单、低成本的填充因子检测,极大地提高了生产效率,满足了实际测试的要求.     

有机/聚合物光电子学器件的应用与研究进展

调研了有机 /聚合物光电子学器件在制备技术和应用方面的近期进展。其中包括 :电光调制器在CATV、高比特网络、相阵列系统、计算机系统的平行互连等工业领域的应用前景等。聚合物调制器正迅速接近商品化 ;聚合物热光开关已在AKZONOBEL公司批量生产 ;其它有机 /聚合物器件和相关技术 ,如互连、聚合物激光器、波导中的 45°镜片、垂直集成波导以及在波导中与有机发光二极管的集成等。至少部分聚合物器件包括电光调制器 ,现在已经是或即将成为信息高速公路工业中实际可用的硬件。     

兼具聚集诱导发光和激发态分子内质子转移特性的有机小分子发光体

有机小分子聚集诱导发光体系的聚集态受到光激发后,由于分子内运动受限,激发态能量以辐射衰减途径回到基态的比例增加,从而增强聚集态发光。聚集诱导发光的提出克服了传统有机发光分子的聚集引起发光淬灭的缺陷,具有聚集诱导发光特性的材料在有机发光二极管、有机激光、生物医学治疗诊断等方面全面发力,得到广泛关注。具有激发态分子内质子转移特性的材料其发光一般都有较大的斯托克斯位移,可避免激发光谱和发射光谱的重叠,从而改善材料发光性能和提高荧光探针的灵敏性。兼具聚集诱导发光和激发态分子内质子转移的有机小分子结合了两者的优点,呈现出更优异的固态发光性能。本文主要从结构分类、光电性质和应用等几个方面介绍关于该类分子的最近研究成果。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...