自催化生长GaSb纳米线及其在高性能紫外-可见-近红外光电探测器中的应用（英文）

本文应用镓金属液滴作为催化剂,采用化学气相沉积方法自催化合成了单晶GaSb纳米线.研究表明该GaSb纳米线为典型的p型半导体,霍尔迁移率为>0.042 cm^2V^-1s^-1.硅基和柔性衬底上构筑的基于GaSb纳米线的光电探测器,具有良好的紫外-可见-近红外宽光谱探测性能.硅基器件对500 nm的可见光响应率可达3.86×10^3A W-1,探测率可达3.15×10^13Jones;柔性器件在保持相似光电性能的同时,具有极好的机械柔韧性和稳定性.本文有助于更好地揭示自催化生长的GaSb纳米线的性能,并为进一步设计基于GaSb纳米线的功能光电器件打下了实验基础.     

肖特基型氮铝镓紫外光电探测器

通过采用插入缓冲层的办法,利用金属有机气相外延(MOCVD)得到高质量的AlGaN薄膜,克服了AlGaN薄膜容易产生裂纹的缺点.在此基础上,我们通过采用传统的紫外光刻和湿法刻蚀的方法,制备得到了金属-半导体-金属(MSM)结构的Al0.25Ga0.75N紫外光电探测器.结果表明,在1 V偏压下,器件的暗电流仅为20 pA,如此低的暗电流主要是由于器件中存在一定量的缺陷而导致电阻过大的原因造成的.器件的最高峰值出现在308 nm,大小为0.07 A/W,器件的上升时间为10 ns,下降时间为190 ns.     

SiGe/Si异质结光电器件

SiGe/Si异质结光电器件及其光电集成(OEIC)是硅基光电研究的一个非常引人注目的领域.综述了SiGe/Si异质结材料的基本性质,SiGe/Si异质结光电器件的结构、性能、应用及其光电集成.重点介绍了SiGe/Si光电探测器及其与其他相关器件的集成.     

高性能In0.53Ga0.47AsPIN光电探测器的研制

报道了采用GSMBE方法研制的In0.53Ga0.47As PIN光电探测器，器件结构中引入了宽禁带InP窗口层和聚酰亚胺钝化工艺，减小了暗电流，提高了器件性能。在反向偏压为5V时器件的暗电流为640pA，反向偏压为10V时测得器件的上升时间为37.2ps，下降时间为30.45ps，半高宽为43.9ps。对影响探测器暗电流的因素和提高响应速度的途径进行了讨论。     

用于视觉修复的视网膜下植入微芯片

为治疗由视网膜光感受器退化引起的失明,研制了一种可以满足视网膜下植入要求的光电刺激器件——硅基PIN光电探测器阵列结构微芯片,这种电刺激芯片可以在一定程度上代替因疾病受损的光感受细胞,向位于光感受细胞之后、尚未损伤的其他视网膜细胞发出电刺激,从而引发视神经的视觉冲动。微芯片制作采用了硅、硅氧化物以及金等生物相容性较好的材料。在微芯片上利用半导体工艺刻蚀隔离槽,形成一个探测器面阵,面阵上的每个探测器单元可以根据照射在其上的光强大小产生相应的刺激电流。对制作的芯片进行了生物相容性、伏安特性、响应度以及光谱特性的测量,结果表明,芯片在眼睛安全用光的范围内可以产生足够强度的刺激电流,满足动物植入实验的要求。     

硅基光电集成材料及器件的研究进展

以硅基光电集成回路为主线，综述了不同的硅基光波导材料的制备技术和硅基光波导的制作工艺及其对光传输损耗的影响。分析了硅基光波导与锗硅光探测器集成用两种不同的耦合方式，阐明了波导与探测器集成的机理及设计理论基础。归纳出硅基键合激光器的四种技术方案，指出其共同优点是克服材料异质外延引起的晶格失配和热膨胀非共容，对实现OEIC行之有效。     

与标准集成电路工艺兼容的硅基光学器件研究

着重介绍了与标准集成电路工艺兼容的硅基光学器件的最新研究进展,包括硅基光发射器、硅基光波导和调制器件、硅基光电探测器和接收机以及硅基光电子集成回路的工作原理、制作工艺和集成技术.与标准集成电路工艺兼容的硅基光电子集成回路能有效地解决电互连芯片内部串扰、带宽和能耗等问题,并能够充分利用现有成熟的集成电路工艺,实现大规模生产,具有广阔的实用前景.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备MgxZn1-xO薄膜及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在石英玻璃片衬底上制备了Mg2+掺杂的ZnO(MgxZn1-xO)薄膜,研究了Mg2+掺杂对ZnO薄膜结构和紫外透过率的影响;在氧化物薄膜上真空蒸镀了Al叉指电极,制得紫外原型探测器件,测试了I-Ⅴ特性.结果表明,Mg2+掺杂后,MgxZn1-xO薄膜为纤锌矿结构,随着x值增加,晶格常数c逐渐减少,α逐渐增大,Mg2+掺杂抑制了(002)晶面的生长;紫外透过光谱表明,Mg2+掺杂后吸收边发生蓝移,可提高ZnO薄膜的禁带宽度;I-Ⅴ特性曲线表明,正向偏压下探测器的暗电流和光照电流随外加偏压呈线性增长,但光照电流与暗电流的差别较大.     

用于生物荧光检测的CMOS光电探测器设计

在标准CMOS 工艺参数基础上,设计了三种(P /Nwell 型,Nwell/Psub 型和N /Psub 型)光电探测器.通过对光电转换原理的详细分析以及数学模型的建立,理论上比较了三种探测器在灵敏度,暗电流,峰值响应波长等特性的差异,阐述了掺杂浓度,结深等工艺参数对器件性能的影响,并且采用SMIC0.18 μ m CMOS 工艺进行流片验证.测试结果表明,P /Nwell 型结构最大灵敏度为0.08 A/W ,峰值响应波长460 nm ,暗电流55nA/cm 2 ;Nwell/Psub型结构最大灵敏度为0.35 A/W ,峰值响应波长580 nm ,暗电流64 nA/cm 2 ;N /Psub 型结构最大灵敏度为0.29 A/W ,峰值响应波长580 nm ,暗电流600 nA/cm 2 .测试结果表明,所设计的光电探测器性能与理论分析基本一致,在灵敏度,响应波长方面性能突出.     

退火对Al-Al2O3-Ti/Au金属-绝缘体-金属电子源发射特性的影响

研究了退火工艺对金属-绝缘体-金属(MIM)器件(Al-Al2O3-Ti/Au结构)的发射特性的影响。在对MIM器件Ti/Au顶电极进行退火处理后,金属离子渗入绝缘层形成掺杂,器件发射电流密度提高,有效发射面积增大,并有较高发射效率,在加速电压200 V,器件偏置电压13.5 V时电子发射电流密度达到1056.6μA/cm2,最大发射效率为4.7%,最优退火温度为300℃。在对MIM器件的Al底电极进行退火处理后,可以减小电化学氧化的电解质掺杂,提高器件发射寿命,器件工作于非电形成状态,电子发射电流密度波动小。对Al底电极的单独退火可使器件同时具有发射大、稳定性好的优点,在提高MIM发射性能的同时,缩短了器件制备周期。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...