三维网状锌配合物的合成与结构表征

在乙醇溶剂中,采用一种新的合成方法,在马尿酸和2,2′-联吡啶两种配体共存的情况下,合成了标题化合物,通过元素分析、红外光谱对其进行了表征.并用X-射线单晶衍射方法对其进行了晶体结构解析,结果表明,该化合物为单斜晶系,晶胞为C2/c,晶胞参数:a=1.543 04(14) nm,b=1.271 50(11) nm,c=0.670 68(5) nm,V=1.286 61(19) nm3,Z=4,Mr=353.65,Dc=1.826 g/cm3,T=298(2) K,F(000)=720,μ(MoKα)=2.098 cm-1,R=0.022 9,ωR=0.061 5,化合物分子通过分子间氢键和吡啶环的π-π堆积作用形成了三维网状结构.     

水杨醛缩对氨基苯磺酸Sr(Ⅱ)配合物的合成和结构表征

在乙醇和水的混和溶剂中,以水杨醛缩对氨基苯磺酸和氯化锶反应,合成了一个未见文献报道的具有二维层状结构的新型锶(Ⅱ)配合物,用元素分析、红外光谱对配体及其配合物进行了表征。并用X射线单晶衍射方法对配合物进行了晶体结构解析,结果表明,该化合物为单斜晶系,晶胞为P21/c,晶胞参数:a=3.587 8(4)nm,b=0.730 97(12)nm,c=1.157 37(15)nm,V=2.996 3(7)nm3,Z=4,Mr=748.28,Dc=1.659 g/cm3,T=298(2)K,F(000)=1 536,μ(MoKα)=2.013 cm-1,R=0.025 7,ωR=0.064 0,化合物分子通过分子内和分子间氢键以及配体中苯环的π-π堆积作用形成了二维层状结构。     

乙酰异烟酰腙的合成及结构表征

在乙醇中合成了乙酰异烟酰腙,用红外光谱、氢核磁共振技术对其进行了表征,并用X-射线单晶衍射方法对其进行了晶体结构解析。该化合物为三斜晶系,晶胞为P-1,晶胞参数为:a=0.661 07(11)、b=1.246 9(2)、c=1.366 1(2)nm,α=70.338°(6)、β=89.948°(6)、γ=89.829°(6),V=0.106 04(3)nm3,T=20(2)℃,Z=3,Mr=331.31,F(000)=519,R=0.155 1,ωR=0.360 3,化合物分子通过分子间氢键形成了1维链状结构。     

有机锡化合物二丁基锡(Ⅳ)二噻吩甲酸酯的合成表征及晶体结构

利用二丁基氧化锡与噻吩甲酸以1∶2物质的量比反应,合成了二丁基锡(Ⅳ)二噻吩甲酸酯。通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和锡谱对其结构进行了表征。用X-射线单晶衍射测定了该化合物的晶体结构,结果表明,分子中锡原子为6配位的歪斜梯形双锥构型,并且化合物以弱桥联二聚体存在。该化合物晶体属P21/c空间群,晶胞参数为:a=1.8709(3)nm,b=2.2337(4)nm,c=1.0517(16)nm,β=93.917(2),°Z=8,F(000)=1968,V=4.3826(12)nm3,μ=1.374mm-1,S=1.051,R1=0.0447,wR2=0.1112。     

三(邻溴苄基)锡3-吲哚丙烯酸酯的合成、结构和量子化学研究

用μ-氧-双[三(邻溴苄基)锡]与3-吲哚丙烯酸反应,合成了三(邻溴苄基)锡3-吲哚丙烯酸酯。通过元素分析、IR和经X-射线单晶衍射分析表明,该化合物属单斜晶系,空间群C2/c,晶胞参数a=1.67879(17)nm,b=1.18439(12)nm,c=3.2527(3)nm,β=91.076(2)°,V=6.4664(11)nm3,Z=8,Dc=1.674g/cm3,μ(MoKα)=4.525cm-1,F(000)=3168,R1=0.0653,wR2=0.2186;在化合物中Sn—C键长分别为0.2140(8),0.2155(8)和0.2185(8)nm,Sn—O键为0.2050(5)nm,中心锡与亚甲基碳和氧原子构成畸型四面体。对其结构进行量子化学从头计算,探讨了化合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量、原子净电荷布居规律以及一些前沿分子轨道的组成特征。     

2,2′-硫代双对叔辛基苯酚的合成与晶体结构

合成了标题化合物。通过IR1、HNMR及X-射线单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征。该晶体属三斜晶系,P-1空间群,a=11.068(4)nm,b=11.226(5)nm,c=11.916(5)nm,α=83.004(7)°,β=75.641(7),°V=1.337 8(9)nm3,Z=2,Dc=1.094 g/cm3,F(000)=480,R1=0.064 3,wR2=0.200 4。     

微波辐射下2-苄基苯并咪唑的合成和晶体结构

标题化合物C14H12N2在无溶剂条件下,用微波辐射法以盐酸作催化剂、邻苯二胺和苯乙酸为原料合成得到。最优化的合成条件是:n(邻苯二胺)∶n(苯乙酸)=1∶1.2(即邻苯二胺1.08 g,苯乙酸1.63 g),盐酸用量2mL,辐射时间8 min,微波功率480 W。用IR、1HNMR对产物进行了表征,并用单晶X射线衍射法测定了其单晶结构,标题化合物晶体属正交晶系,空间群Pbca,Mr=208.26,a=9.384 2(13)nm,b=9.723 4(13)nm,c=2.493 7(3)nm,V=2.275 4(5)nm3,Z=8,Dc=1.216 g/cm3,F(000)=880,μ=0.073 mm-1,GOF=1.001,R1=0.042 6,wR2=0.097 6〔Ⅰ>2σ(Ⅰ)〕。     

双酚氧桥联双核铜配合物的合成与晶体结构

合成了1个新的双核铜配合物.通过IR、UV-Via及X射线单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征.测试结果表明:该配合物属单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,a=2.2411(2)nm,b=1.8342(2)nm,c=1.8779(2)am,β=122.861(2)°,V=6.4843(11)nm3,Z=8,Dc=1.604 g/cm3,F(000)=3232,R1:0.0671,ωR2=0.1447.配合物中Cu…Cu之间的距离为0.3102 nm.     

3,4-双(3-氯偕二硝基呋咱-4-氧基)呋咱的合成及晶体结构研究

以3,4-双(3-氰基呋咱-4-氧基)呋咱为原料,经氰基加成、重氮化和硝化3步反应合成了标题化合物,产率24.0%,并采用红外光谱、核磁共振和元素分析等方法进行了结构表征。初步探讨了反应温度以及N2O5用量对标题化合物收率的影响,确定了较优反应条件。首次培养了标题化合物单晶,X-射线单晶衍射分析结果表明:其晶体结构属单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/c,a=1.534 5(4)nm,b=0.630 34(15)nm,c=1.967 7(5)nm,β=110.297(4)°,V=1.785 1(8)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.917 g/cm3,μ=0.463 mm-1,F(000)=1 024,R1=0.053 0,wR2=0.161 8。     

4–氨基–1,2,4–三唑硝酸盐的合成及晶体结构研究

以甲酸和水合肼为原料,经甲酰化、环化、酸化合成了4–氨基–1,2,4–三唑硝酸盐(4–ATN),收率97.2%。采用IR、1H–NMR、质谱、元素分析及四圆单晶衍射仪等手段对目标化合物进行了表征,并进行了热性能分析。结果表明:4–ATN晶体属单斜晶系,存在分子内和分子间氢键。空间群为Cc,晶胞参数:a=0.955 1(4)nm,b=0.524 5(2)nm,c=1.181 0(5)nm;α=90°,β=96.627(6)°,γ=90°;V=0.587 7(4)nm3,Dc=1.663 g/cm3,Z=4,μ=0.151 mm–1,F(000)=304,μ(Mo Kα)=1.109 mm–1,R1=0.034 2,wR2=0.106 1。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。