框架墩式码头结构绕流数值模拟

基于FLUENT软件,针对不同方柱排列组合进行绕流数值模拟,得到不同间距比时各方柱水流阻力系数及三维流场情况,探寻框架墩式结构水流力分布规律。计算结果表明,简单的双方柱串、并联时,方柱阻力变化较有规律;双排并列三方柱绕流时,第一排方柱阻水作用显著,处于尖角位置的方柱绕流参数呈现对称现象,各方柱阻力明显增大,但阻力变化已无规律可循;当上下横撑间距为3倍横撑直径时,相互间影响已经较小;处于上游第一排横撑的水流阻力系数与单方柱时基本相同,第二排横撑所受水流阻力明显减小,与水流方向一致的纵撑其水流阻力可忽略不计。     

方柱绕流数值模拟

利用FLUENT中的RNG k-ε算法对长宽比H/B=1.5方柱绕流进行数值模拟,分别模拟了在雷诺数Re=800的亚临界条件下,4种不同情况下的流动。分别为:流体流过单个方柱,流体流过间距为1H,2H,3H的两并列方柱的流动。根据数值模拟结果,分别得出了4种流动状态下流场,壁面的升阻力系数。并对升力系数进行傅里叶变换,分析及归纳了方柱绕流旋涡脱落的规律。     

基于FLUENT的小雷诺数下方柱绕流的数值模拟

采用FLUENT对小雷诺数（Re〈52）下方柱绕流进行数值模拟,分析方柱后对称反向漩涡的图谱与漩涡尺寸的特点,分析研究表明：在小雷诺数下,方柱绕流的图谱与圆柱绕流图谱相似,并存在两个特征雷诺数,但两个特征雷诺数较圆柱绕流的小些;方柱绕流对称反向漩涡尺寸与雷诺数呈线性关系变化,并且漩涡发生得比圆柱绕流更为剧烈;方柱绕流柱体后的漩涡能够较容易达到稳定状态。研究结论进一步丰富方柱绕流问题。     

高阻塞率方柱绕流的大涡模拟

该文采用PIV测速技术和大涡模拟(LES)数学模型对雷诺数Re=13 400,阻塞率为22%的方柱绕流进行了研究,探讨了高阻塞率对方柱绕流流场的影响,并与先前的研究结果进行了比较。研究发现:大涡模拟能很好地再现方柱绕流的流场特征;高阻塞率下方柱绕流的斯特劳哈尔数和阻力系数都有所增大;阻塞率增高导致紊动能增加,使得方柱上游端横断面上的纵向速度脉动与横向速度脉动比低阻塞率情况下强。     

三方柱绕流的大涡模拟及频谱分析

高雷诺数条件下,无论来流是均匀还是非均匀,多方柱绕流情况下方柱受力及尾流的相互干扰都是相当复杂的.为了研究方柱受力及下游尾流的相互干扰,基于大涡模拟紊流模型对后品字等边布置的三方柱绕流进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果表明,上游两个方柱的阻力系数要明显小于下游方柱,而上游两方柱升力系数远大于下游方柱,且下游方柱的升力系数基本...     

不等直径串列圆柱绕流大涡模拟

为研究背负式海底管线中增设的小直径附属管线对主管线的水动力影响,将大涡模拟中经典Smagorinsky亚格子模型与特征线算子分裂有限元法结合,并引入出口对流边界条件,完善了基于特征线算子分裂有限元的大涡模拟方法。通过自编程序数值模拟Re=1 000的单圆柱绕流,计算结果与相关文献吻合较好,验证了该算法计算圆柱绕流的有效性,并分析了Re=1 000时不同直径比、间距比情况下的串列双圆柱绕流,根据流场的不同涡脱落形态及两圆柱平均阻力系数、升力系数随直径比、间距比变化的规律得到了不同直径比条件下的临界间距范围。达到临界间距后,流场由单一涡脱落状态转变为双涡旋脱落状态。最后分析了两圆柱平均阻力系数及升力系数在临界间距后急剧增加的原因,为背负式海底管线的布局优化提供了理论依据。     

串列梯形柱绕流水动力特性数值分析

该文采用数值模拟分析了雷诺数为150和间距比为3的串列双梯形柱绕流水动力特性。当梯形柱背流面与迎流面长度比为d/D=0、0.3和0.5时,双柱的上侧旋涡融合,在尾部形成了不对称的P+S泄涡模式,导致下游柱体承受的平均升力偏离零值。d/D=0.7的双梯形柱泄涡转变为2S模式,表现为上游柱体旋涡与下游柱体旋涡融合后交替脱落。双方柱(d/D=1)间隙以及下游方柱尾部均形成了准静态涡,剪切层有小幅摆动,但未卷曲形成旋涡。d/D=0和0.3时,上游柱体后方由于边界层再附着形成了次生涡,增大了局部压力。随着d/D的增大,上游柱体旋涡形成长度增长,双柱间隙流动趋于稳定,下游柱体前缘的横向速度脉动逐渐减弱,其后方的尾迹也趋于对称。上游柱体的遮蔽效应使其平均阻力大于下游柱体,而间隙流的不稳定性与边界层的交替再附着使得下游柱体升力偏大。双方柱绕流场处于拟稳定状态,其水动力系数远小于三棱柱和梯形柱。相较于双圆柱,三棱柱和梯形柱的边界层分离点靠前,增大了绕流的升阻力。     

三方柱绕流的大涡模拟及频谱分析

高雷诺数条件下,无论来流是均匀还是非均匀,多方柱绕流情况下方柱受力及尾流的相互干扰都是相当复杂的。为了研究方柱受力及下游尾流的相互干扰,基于大涡模拟紊流模型对后品字等边布置的三方柱绕流进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果表明,上游两个方柱的阻力系数要明显小于下游方柱,而上游两方柱升力系数远大于下游方柱,且下游方柱的升力系数基本上在零左右振荡,通过频谱分析发现了它们之间的区别。方柱的尾流存在着强烈的非对称相互干扰,且涡有明显的三维性。     

内河框架码头桩柱绕流水动力特性的二维数值模拟

桩柱绕流水动力特性直接决定水流对桩柱作用力的分布规律,是内河框架码头水流荷载计算的基础。结合计算流体动力学(CFD),依托内河框架码头实际工程,进行了内河框架码头大直径桩柱串列及并列4桩柱绕流水动力特性的二维数值模拟,系统分析了不同流速及不同桩间距下桩柱绕流尾流流场形态,揭示了桩柱绕流阻力系数、升力系数、斯特劳哈尔数随桩间距和流速的变化规律。研究了串列及并列4桩柱绕流流场形态和水动力特性,不同流速及不同桩间距下的遮流影响效应、遮流影响系数以及横向影响系数的变化。数值模拟与分析结果可为计算类似内河框架码头水流荷载提供一定的技术参考。     

直径变化对三圆柱绕流的影响

数值研究了直径变化对三圆柱绕流的影响.在上游布置一个直径在d/D=0.15～2.0范围变化的圆柱,再以并列形式布置两个直径为D的圆柱.用有限元法对不等直径三圆柱的二维绕流进行数值模拟,分别求出在不同直径比下的流场分布和各个圆柱的升、阻力系数以及Strouhal数.结果发现:在直径比的变化过程中,流场可分为五类;升、阻力系数和Strouhal数的变化都有一定规律.     

并列旋转双圆柱流动特性的数值模拟

该文基于k - ε湍流模型,采用Galerkin有限元法对并列旋转双圆柱的绕流特性进行了数值模拟,计算的雷诺数为 1550.为了考查两圆柱旋转和间距的相互作用,文中采用三种间距比分别是T/D = 1.2,1.6和3.0 (T 为两圆柱中心之间的距离,D为圆柱直径) 和一系列不同的旋转速度比 (|α| ≤ 2).计算显示,当 |α| = 0,即圆柱不转动时,对应三种间距有三种典型的流型,单钝体流型对应小间距、偏流对应中等间距和对称流对应大间距;当 |α| 达到临界值时,涡脱落得到了有效的抑制,流动趋于稳定,升力系数和阻力系数的脉动值趋于零;平均升力系数和阻力系数随着 |α| 的增大分别增大和减小.     

Vortex shedding in the flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders of different diameters

In this paper,the 3-D turbulent flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders of different diameters,at sub-critical Reynolds number(Re=3 900),is numerically simulated by the large eddy simulation(LES).The spacing ratios(T/D)between the two cylinders are considered in four cases(T/D=1.2,1.5,1.8 and 2.7)to study the vortex shedding and turbulent properties in the flow field.The main results are focused on the drag and lift coefficients,the vortex shedding frequency,the coherent structure,and the scale properties.It is shown that when T/D is equal to 1.2,the vortex shedding of the main cylinder is strongly suppressed by the small cylinder,the drag and lift coefficients of the main cylinder are smaller than those in other three cases.While T/D is equal to 1.5,the vortex shedding of the main cylinder can be improved,the drag and lift coefficients of the main cylinder are larger than those in other three cases.The empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method is applied to decompose the velocity signals traced by the LES.It is shown that there is a linear relationship between the mean period and the mode in the semi-log coordinates.The vortex shedding period of the main cylinder is consistent with the period of the restructured coherent structures quantitatively.     

Flow characteristics of the two tandem wavy cylinders and drag reduction phenomenon

This paper presents an extensive numerical study of 3-D laminar flow around two wavy cylinders in the tandem arrangement for spacing ratios (L/Dm ) ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 at a low Reynolds number of 1...     

Numerical simulation of flow past twin near-wall circular cylinders in tandem arrangement at low Reynolds number

Fluid flow past twin circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement placed near a plane wall was investigated by means of numerical simulations. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations were solved with a three-step finite element method at a relatively low Reynolds number of Re = 200 for various dimensionless ratios of 0.25 ≤ G/D ≤ 2.0 and 1.0 ≤ L/D ≤ 4.0, where D is the cylinder diameter, L is the center-to-center distance between the two cylinders, and G is the gap between the lowest surface of the twin cylinders and the plane wall. The influences of G/D and L/D on the hydrodynamic force coefficients, Strouhal numbers, and vortex shedding modes were examined. Three different vortex shedding modes of the near wake were identified according to the numerical results. It was found that the hydrodynamic force coefficients and vortex shedding modes are quite different with respect to various combinations of G/D and L/D. For very small values of G/D, the vortex shedding is completely suppressed, resulting in the root mean square (RMS) values of drag and lift coefficients of both cylinders and the Strouhal number for the downstream cylinder being almost zero. The mean drag coefficient of the upstream cylinder is larger than that of the downstream cylinder for the same combination of G/D and L/D. It is also observed that change in the vortex shedding modes leads to a significant increase in the RMS values of drag and lift coefficients.     

双圆柱在不同排列方式下绕流流态模拟

双圆柱绕流伴随着流动分离、旋涡生成与脱落、旋涡间相互干扰等复杂问题,其流动形态和流动特征受圆柱相对位置影响。使用FLUENT流体软件,选取间距比1.75,2.5和4,在二维层流模型下,模拟了双圆柱串列、30°夹角错置、60°夹角错置和双圆柱并列绕流,分析了双柱绕流流态、旋涡脱落形态、升力、阻力系数随圆柱相对位置改变而变化的规律,并对比已有的试验成果和模拟成果,为桥梁建设和圆柱绕流理论研究提供了基础数据。     

2-D eddy resolving simulations of flow past a circular array of cylindrical plant stems

In the present study, 2-D large eddy simulations(LES) are conducted for flow past a porous circular array with a solid volume fraction(SVF) of 8.8%, 15.4% and 21.5%. Such simulations are relevant to understanding flow in natural streams and channels containing patches of emerged vegetation. In the simulations discussed in the paper, the porous cylinder of diameter D contains a variable number of identical solid circular cylinders(rigid plant stems) of diameter d= 0.048 D. Most of the simulations are conducted at a Reynolds number of 2 100 based on the diameter D and the velocity of the steady uniform incoming flow. Though in all cases wake billows are shed in the regions where the separated shear layers(SSLs) forming on the sides of the porous cylinder interact, the effect of these wake billows on the mean drag is different. While in the high SVF case(21.5%), the total drag force oscillates quasi-regularly in time, similar to the canonical case of a large solid cylinder, in the cases with a lower SVF the shedding of the wake billows takes place sufficiently far from the cylinder such that the unsteady component of the total drag force is negligible. The mean amplitude of the oscillations of the drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest in a streamwise band centered around the center of the porous cylinder, where the wake to wake interactions are the strongest. In all cases the maximum drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest for the cylinders directly exposed to the flow, but this force is always smaller than the one induced on a small isolated cylinder and the average magnitude of the force on the cylinders directly exposed to the flow decreases monotonically with the increase in the SVF. Predictions of the global drag coefficients, Strouhal numbers associated with the wake vortex shedding and individual forces on the cylinders in the array from the present LES are in very good agreement with those of 2-D direct numerical simulations conducted on finer meshes, which suggests LES is a better option to numerically investigate flow in channels containing canopy patches, given that LES is computationally much less expensive than DNS at high Reynolds number. To prove this point, the paper also discusses results of 2-D LES conducted at a much higher Reynolds number, where the near-wake flow is strongly turbulent. For the higher Reynolds number cases, where the influence of the turbulence model is important, the effect of the sub-grid scale model and the predictive capabilities of the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) approach to predict flow past porous cylinders are discussed.     

FLOW PAST TWO ROTATING CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN A SIDE-BY-SIDE ARRANGEMENT

Measurements were performed using Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) to analyze the modification of flow by the combined effects of the rotation and the Reynolds number on the flow past two rotating circular cylinders in a side-by-side-arrangement at a range of 425 ≤ Re≤ 1130,0 ≤α≤ 4(α is the rotational speed) at one gap spacing of T / d =1.11(T and d are the distance between the centers of two cylinders and the cylinder diameter,respectively).A new Immersed-Lattice Boltzmann Method(ILBM) scheme was used to st...