杀菌剂——WILLIAMS TERPY MICHAEL

杀菌剂组成为：（a）稳定的次氯酸和溴化物；（b）由下列杀菌剂中选择至少一种。这些杀菌剂为：2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、4．5-二氯-2-N-辛基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、1．2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮、3-溴-1-氯-5，5-二甲基海因、多（六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐）、烷基-二甲基-苯甲基氯化铵、戊二醛、5-溴-2-硝基-1，3-丙二醇和2，2-溴-3-次氯基丙酰胺。     

杀菌成分

<正>杀菌成分含有:(a)一个稳定的次氯酸盐和溴化物组成;及(b)至少一个选定的抗生素在2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉酮,5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉酮-3-酮,4,5-二氯-2-辛基-4-异噻唑啉酮-3-酮、1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮,3-溴-1-氯-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲,聚(六亚甲基胍盐酸盐),烷基二甲基苄铵氯化物,戊烷1,5-二(杂戊二醛),5-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇和2,2-二溴-3-次氨基丙酰胺。     

含有5-氯-2-甲基异噻唑啉-3-酮的协同杀菌剂成分

正本发明涉及一种生物杀灭剂组合物,其包含5-氯-2-甲基异噻唑啉-3-酮和从包含3-碘-2-丙基丁基氨基甲酸酯、辛基异噻唑啉酮、正丁基-苯并异噻唑啉酮、苯乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸、山梨酸、水杨酸的基团中选择的至少一种进一步成分,脱氢消旋酸、二癸基二甲基氯化铵、苯扎氯铵、甲醛、戊二醛、(l-羟乙基亚叉)双膦酸、N,N-乙基二胺二琥珀酸盐和聚天冬氨酸。根据本发明的杀生物剂组合物的特征在于,所述组合物包含甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮,其在(0～2) wt%之间,     

防霉,防腐剂Kathon CG的制备

由丙烯酸甲酯与碳酸氢钠、多硫化钠常压反应,蒸馏产物再与甲胺胺解,最后经二氯化砜氯环化得到Kathon CG的有效组分:2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮。     

新型二甲基异噻唑啉酮MIT杀菌剂

异噻唑琳酮及其衍生物是近年来应用越来越广的一种杀菌剂，由美国罗门哈斯公司最早生产。其二甲基氯代产品商品名为KATHON，中文译名凯松，目前国内用于日化产品的异噻唑啉酮杀菌剂大都用此名称。其主要成分为异噻唑啉酮类化合物的复配物，化学名称：5-氯-2-甲基_4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的混合物(3：1称为氯比)。异噻唑啉酮反应机理是它与微生物细胞内的蛋白质反应，使细胞呼吸停顿，迅速抑制微生物的生长和生物高分子的合成，     

2-甲基-5-(1-羟吡啶-2-硫烷基)-3-异噻唑啉酮的合成及其杀菌效果的研究

用5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-巯基吡啶-N-氧化物的钠盐合成2-甲基-5-(1-羟吡啶-2-硫烷基)-3-异噻唑啉酮,优化的反应条件为:反应温度为20℃,2-巯基吡啶-N-氧化物的钠盐∶5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮摩尔比为1∶1.2,反应时间为4 h。用平板划线法对2-甲基-5-(1-羟吡啶-2-硫烷基)-3-异噻唑啉酮的杀菌性能进行实验,测试了几种常见的革兰氏阳性、阴性细菌,霉菌和酵母菌的最低抑制浓度(M IC)。结果表明,2-甲基-5-(1-羟吡啶-2-硫烷基)-3-异噻唑啉酮具有更好的杀菌效果,尤其是在很低的有效浓度下就可以杀灭真菌和酵母菌。首次提出了分子级别的杀菌剂"复配"概念,为创建环境友好型产品体系提供了新途径。     

含有二溴次氮基丙酰胺、甲基异噻唑啉和苯异噻唑啉的增效工业抑菌剂

长期作用的工艺抑菌剂能够有效地抑制多种微生物，如细菌、酵母等，其含有2，2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺（DBNPA），2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉（MTT）和1，2-苯异噻唑啉-3-酮，显示出增效作用。同时投加杀菌剂，或者分别投加，这样活性成分的总的浓度为0．5～500mg／L。     

HPLC测定水性建筑涂料乳液中异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂

建立了一种高效液相色谱法(HPLC)快速测定水性建筑涂料乳液中3种异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂[2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(MIT)、5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(CMIT)和1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮(BIT)]的分析方法。样品经甲醇-水(1∶1,V/V)溶液超声提取、离心、过滤后,采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器检测,C18色谱柱分离,流动相为甲醇-乙酸铵溶液,梯度洗脱。对前处理条件(包括提取溶剂、提取方式、提取时间)进行了优化。在优化的实验条件下,样品溶液中的MIT、CMIT在0.05~20μg/m L浓度范围内、BIT在0.10~40μg/m L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r 2≥0.999 8),基质加标回收率在90.10%~102.53%,相对标准偏差不高于3%,方法的检出限为0.10~0.15 mg/kg,定量限为0.33~0.50 mg/kg。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,回收率满意,可应用于建筑涂料乳液实际样品的快速测定,结果可靠。     

日化级异噻唑啉酮类杀菌防腐剂皮肤刺激实验及其机理的研究

5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(CMIT):2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(MIT)=3∶1,有效物含量为1.5%～2.5%的高氯比产品(Ⅰ类产品)和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(MIT)含量为9.5%～10.5%的产品(Ⅱ类产品)对家兔的皮肤刺激性实验表明,Ⅰ类产品浓度达到0.2%时,对家兔皮肤有轻刺激性;Ⅱ类产品浓度达到0.8%时,对家兔皮肤有轻刺激性。Ⅰ类产品对家兔皮肤产生轻刺激性的浓度是Ⅱ类产品的4倍。通过对刺激机理的讨论,认为CMIT对皮肤神经细胞的作用是引起皮肤过敏性刺激的根源。     

杀菌剂组成物——Bergbauer Mary Jo．JP 2007320959

本发明提供了杀菌剂组成物和制造方法。杀菌剂组成物中含有：（a）25％～40％的5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的混合物;（b）5％～30％硝酸盐;（C）水。另外本发明组成物中还可以含有氯化镁。     

Tribological behavior studies of chemically bonded phosphate ceramic coatings reinforced with modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)

To improve the wear resistance of the chemically bonded phosphate ceramic coatings, MWCNTs are selected as the reinforcement after the modification. The high temperature wear experiment is carried out to investigate the wear behavior of the coatings with different temperatures. The results suggest that, when the temperature is below 500℃, MWCNTs can decrease friction coefficient, and the lowest friction coefficient is about 0.28, but MWCNTs lose the lubricant function at 500℃ and the friction coefficient keeps at the level of ~ 0.68. In addition, the wear resistance of coatings is improved with the introduction of MWCNTs at 100℃ and 300℃ (the wear rate is below 15X10^-3mm³/Nm), but keeps similar level at 500℃ (the wear rate is ~ 22 × 10⁻³mm³/Nm). Besides, the wear mechanism of the coatings reinforced by MWCNTs is also investigated based on the wear behavior and microstructural characterizations. MWCNTs improve the fracture toughness by preventing the crack generation and forming the bridge when crack occurs, which leads to smooth wear tracks and good wear resistance of coatings. The coatings with MWCNTs achieve poor wear resistance at 500℃ because MWCNTs lose their strength and resistance to fatigue by oxidizing.     

开放式透明涂饰工艺探索及漆膜性能分析

分析了水性木器漆在应用过程中存在的优势与不足,深入探索了水性聚氨酯木器漆开放式有色透明涂饰工艺,同时对干燥后的漆膜与溶剂型聚氨酯木器漆漆膜在硬度、耐磨性、耐干热性、附着力、耐冲击性、耐液性等性能上进行了对比。结果表明：所选水性木器漆漆膜在硬度、耐磨性、耐冲击性方面与溶剂型漆膜差别不大,在耐干热性、附着力、耐液性方面相差较大。     

Microstructure,adhesion, and tribological properties of conventional plasma-sprayed coatings on steel substrate

A variety of metallic and oxide coatings were deposited under various conditions on 1020 mild steel substrate by conventional plasma spraying. The coating thickness, microhardness, cohesion and adhesion failure loads, friction coefficient, and abrasive wear resistance were evaluated. The coatings were classified as follows, in order of decreasing microhardness and wear resistance: alumina, chromia, 316 stainless steel, Ni-5% Al, elemental aluminum and aluminum-polyester. Wear resistance increased with increasing microhardness and decreasing friction coefficient. The microhardness and wear resistance of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) diamond jet (DJ)-sprayed aluminum were found to be superior to those of plasma-sprayed aluminum. Plasma or flame-sprayed metallic coatings adhered well to the substrate. The cohesion, adhesion, microhardness, and wear resistance of alumina coatings exceeded those of equally thick chromia coatings.     

Mechanical behavior of YSZ coatings co-deposited with Al and Ag on AISI 316L via RF sputtering

This article presents nanohardness, coefficient of friction (COF), and wear of Yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings (YSZ) deposited on 316L steel substrates and co-deposited with Al and Ag. YSZ coatings were deposited via RF sputtering reactive phase technique. It is widely known that the RF sputtering technique produces stoichiometric coatings with high homogeneity and density. The average thickness of the coatings was 200 nm, and the X-ray diffraction study (XRD) showed the formation of alumina alpha (α-Al₂O₃) and metallic silver in the YSZ coatings deposited with Al and Ag, respectively. The mechanical properties were evaluated by means of nanoindentation, and the wear resistance was studied with pin-on-disk technique. The addition of Ag to the YSZ coatings led to decreased hardness, while the YSZ coatings deposited with Al presented an increased hardness. Finally, YSZ coatings deposited with aluminum and silver had the lowest friction coefficient, while Ag-YSZ coatings had a COF very similar to that obtained in YSZ coatings. The wear resistance test showed that YSZ coatings deposited with Al had lower volume loss compared to YSZ coatings deposited with Ag. The wear mechanism in the deposited coatings is analyzed.     

Investigation of tribological properties of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coating on Mg alloy under dry sliding condition

To enhance wear resistance of Mg alloy, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ceramic coatings on Mg substrate were prepared in silicate electrolyte under various currents. It was found that the surface roughness and thickness of MAO coating were increased with the increase of current. The dry tribological tests showed that the friction coefficient and wear resistance of thicker coatings (obtained under currents of 3?A and 4?A) were much higher than that of Mg alloy and the thin coating (obtained under current of 2?A), meanwhile the lifetime of the coating obtained under 4?A was longer than the other coatings under higher load. The wear type of thin MAO coating was slight abrasive wear under low load, whereas translated to severe adhesive wear under high load. While the main wear mechanism of thick MAO coating was slight abrasive wear or scratch under the given test condition, which was attributed to the thick intermediate layer improved load support for the soft substrate. The tribological study indicated that the MAO coating obtained under 4?A current had better wear resistance and life time due to its compact microstructure and thickness.     

Tribological properties of polyimide coatings filled with PTFE and surface‐modified nano‐Si3N4

Polyimide (PI) coatings filled with PTFE and nano‐Si₃N₄ were prepared by a spraying technique and successive curing. Nano‐Si₃N₄ particles were modified by grafting 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane to improve their dispersion in the as‐prepared coatings. Friction and wear performances and wear mechanisms of the coatings were evaluated. The results show that the incorporations of PTFE and modified nano‐Si₃N₄ particles greatly improve the friction reduction and wear resistance of PI coating. The friction and wear performance of the composite coating is significantly affected by the filler mass fraction and sliding conditions. PI coating incorporated with 20 wt % PTFE and 5 wt % modified nano‐Si₃N₄ displays the best tribological properties. Its wear rate is more than one order of magnitude lower and its friction coefficient is over two times smaller than that of the unfilled PI coating. Differences in the friction and wear behaviors of the hybrid coatings as a function of filler or sliding condition are attributed to the filler dispersion, the characteristic of transfer film formed on the counterpart ball and the wear mechanism of the coating under different sliding conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40410.     

粘结剂对超音速火焰喷涂碳化钨涂层磨粒磨损性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)工艺在35钢基体上制备了WC-10Ni涂层和WC-12Co涂层,研究了镍、钴这两种粘结剂对WC涂层的显微硬度、摩擦系数和抗磨粒磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层磨损前后的表面形貌,探讨了WC涂层的磨粒磨损机理。结果表明,以HVOF方法制备的2种WC涂层均有较高的显微硬度,WC-10Ni涂层和WC-12Co涂层与SiC砂纸摩擦副之间的干摩擦系数相差不大。2种涂层在低载荷下均有较好的抗磨粒磨损性能,但在较高载荷下WC-12Co涂层的抗磨性明显优于WC-10Ni涂层。2种涂层的磨粒磨损形式主要为均匀磨耗磨损,磨损机理以微切削和微剥落为主。WC-12Co涂层的磨损表面损伤较轻微,综合性能优于WC-10Ni涂层。     

Structures and tribological performances of PEEK (poly-ether-ether-ketone)-based coatings designed for tribological application

Driven by economical and ecological reasons, thermoplastic-based coatings become a potential solution for anti-wear purpose. Two coating design concepts, flame spraying and printing PEEK (poly-ether-ether-ketone)-based coatings on Al substrate, were introduced in this paper. An amorphous PEEK coating was obtained by these two techniques. After being annealed, the coating presents a semi-crystalline structure. The friction and wear behaviors of PEEK-based coatings were investigated by means of ball-on-disc tests. The results show that PEEK coatings exhibit an excellent tribological performance with a relatively low coefficient of friction and wear rate. The semi-crystalline PEEK coating exhibits a lower friction coefficient and wear rate than the amorphous one. The additions of micron-sized particles such as SiC and graphite in PEEK coating can improve significantly the coating wear resistance.     

Comparative study of Ti-C-Ni-Al,Ti-C-Ni-Fe,and Ti-C-Ni-Al/Ti-C-Ni-Fe coatings produced by magnetron sputtering,electro-spark deposition,and a combined two-step process

Comparative study of Ti-C-Ni-Fe, Ti-C-Ni-Al, and Ti-C-Ni-Al/Ti-C-Ni-Fe coatings obtained by electro-spark deposition (ESD) using TiCNi electrode, magnetron sputtering (MS) of TiCNiAl target, and a combination of these methods (MS-ESD) was carried out. The coating microstructures and elemental compositions were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The materials were tested in terms of their hardness, elastic modulus, elastic recovery, crack resistance, friction coefficient, and wear resistance under sliding, impact and abrasive conditions, as well as corrosion- and oxidation resistance. The work demonstrated that the utilization of a combined two-step MS-ESD technology permits to obtain bilayers made of Ti-C-Ni-Al/Ti-C-Ni-Fe coatings with improved crack-, wear- and oxidation resistance compared with their single-layered Ti-C-Ni-Al counterparts deposited by MS, and with reduced friction coefficient and enhanced corrosion resistance compared with ESD Ti-C-Ni-Fe coatings.     

Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes as reinforced fibres on tribological behaviour of Ni–P electroless coatings

After multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were modified and dispersed uniformly in electrolyte, the MWNTs composite coatings were prepared by electroless deposition. Hardness tests were carried out using a Vickers Hardness indenter. The friction and wear behavior of the Ni–P–MWNTs composite coatings in carbon-steel rings were investigated by using a ring-on-plate wear tester at pure liquid paraffin. Moreover, the friction and wear behavior of nine kinds of wear combinations, which were composed of plates and rings of different composite coatings, were studied. The experimental results indicated that addition of MWNTs would result in an increase in microhardness and an improvement of tribological properties of the Ni–P composite coating significantly. The Ni–P–MWNTs composite coatings revealed lower wear rate and friction coefficient compared with Si–C composite coatings. Moreover, the wear combination, which composed of the Ni–P–MWNTs composite coatings, showed a more excellent ability of friction-reduction and wear resistance than other combinations, and their friction coefficient and wear rate were 0.1087 and 1.49 × 10^− 6 kg/m, respectively.