压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环复合振动系统的径向振动

对由压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环组成的复合振动系统的径向振动特性进行了研究。首先分析了压电陶瓷圆环和金属圆环的径向振动,推出了其各自的机电等效电路。在此基础上,得出了压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环复合振动系统的机电等效电路及其共振频率方程。探讨了系统的共振及反共振频率、有效机电耦合系数与其几何尺寸之间的关系。研究表明,当复合振动系统的壁厚比增大时,其共振及反共振频率升高。对于换能器的第一阶径向振动,其有效机电耦合系数随壁厚比的增大而单调减小;对于换能器的第二阶径向振动,其有效机电耦合系数随壁厚比的增大会出现一个极大值,而且,在一定的壁厚比范围内,换能器第二阶径向振动的有效机电耦合系数大于第一阶径向振动的有效机电耦合系数,这一规律与传统的有关压电换能器的分析理论及结果是有所不同的。     

谐振式压电叠堆的高效换能结构研究

压电叠堆具有纵向机电耦合系数高、耐疲劳性强的特点,但在低频振动条件下,压电叠堆的机电转换效率低,从而限制了其在结构振动能量收集方面的应用。通过将谐振频率接近结构振动频率的谐振器附加在压电叠堆表面形成谐振式压电换能系统,可以有效提高谐振频率附近的机电能量转换效率。本文对谐振式压电换能结构进行参数建模,以压电叠堆所受纵向力与结构激励力的比值衡量谐振式压电叠堆的换能效率,确定系统有效换能频带的宽度与系统的结构设计参数的关系,从而给出谐振式压电换能系统参数优化设计方法。谐振式压电换能结构的实验表明谐振器能有效增加较低振动频率下的机电能量转换效率,提高输出的开路电压     

L型匹配网络对超声换能器振动性能的影响

探讨了L型匹配网络对超声换能器振动频率的影响,从理论和实验两个方面给出了L型匹配网络与机电偶合系数的关系。通过对串联、并联的比较,并对几种方式下的匹配电路参数对系统有效机电耦合系数的影响进行分析,结果表明：通过合理选择匹配电路参数,L型匹配网络能提高压电换能器的有效机电耦合系数。     

准1-3复合型压电换能器的研制

水声高频换能器在水声领域具有广泛运用,然而常规厚度振动高频换能器在高频段存在强烈的高次径向耦合振动,制作出的换能器出现了阻抗曲线杂乱,相位一致性差,电声效率低的问题。设计制作了一种单一振动模态的换能器,通过将常规厚度振动换能器陶瓷片切割成密排矩形颗粒,再用环氧树脂将切缝填充满。制作两片直径为55mm的准1-3复合材料,由该材料制作的换能器谐振频率为293kHz,谐振点阻抗50,3dB阻抗带宽23.5 kHz,3dB开角为5.75°,50W电功率输出声源级达到217.5dB。通过该工艺可以消除高频厚度振动换能器的高次径向耦合振动,提高高频厚度振动换能器的电声转换效率和一致性,并能实现批量制作,为高频换能器在水声领域的广泛运用提供了新的手段。     

Cymbal压电发电换能器有限元分析

通过建立Cymbal压电发电换能器的机电耦合有限元分析模型,计算分析了换能器结构参数对输出电压和谐振频率的影响以及外接负载对Cymbal换能器输出电压和输出功率的影响。研究表明,为了降低换能器的工作频率和提高换能器的输出电压,应增大换能器的空腔底部直径和减小换能器的空腔高度;在选择金属端冒和压电陶瓷厚度等参数时,应综合考虑换能器系统的刚度和外界振动源的频率特性和加速度特性;在任意一个频率点上,Cymbal换能器均存在一个最佳的外接负载,使得换能器的输出功率最大,而这个最佳的负载阻抗就等于Cymbal换能器在这个工作频率点上的输出阻抗。文中还提出并分析了基于外加预应力的多振子级联方式Cymbal压电发电换能器系统的结构。     

压电振子的脉冲响应电压与厚度机电耦合系数kt的测试

一、前言 换能器压电材料最重要的参数之一是机电耦合系数,它反映了材料机-电能量转换的能力。压电陶瓷机电耦合系数的测试在目前主要采用传输线法,对一般薄园片压电振子测其径向机电耦合系数kr比较方便、准确。而用泛音比法测厚度振动模式的机电耦合系数kt,由于其它模式的干扰     

液体-压电晶片界面上电边界条件对兰姆波激发的影响

本文对液体-压电晶片结构中,不同电边界条件下叉指换能器所激发的兰姆波传播特性进行了分析研究,给出了不同电边界条件下兰姆波的相速度、叉指换能器激发兰姆波的机电耦合系数与压电晶片的归一化厚度、晶体切向之间的关系曲线,为实际设计中电边界条件的正确选择提供了理论基础。     

液体—压电晶片界面上电边界条件对兰姆波散发的影响

本文对液体－压电晶片结构中,不同电边界条件下叉指换能器所激发的兰姆波传播特性进行了分析研究,给出了不同电边界条件下兰姆波的相速度、叉指换能器激发兰姆波的机电耦合系数与压电晶片的归一化厚度、晶体切向之间的关系曲线,为实际设计中电边界条件的正确选择提供了理论基础。     

基于剪切振动模态的压电复合材料应用于水声换能器的研究

压电陶瓷的剪切振动模态因其独有的剪切形变和高压电常数、高机电耦合系数以及介电常数低等特点,在压电俘能器、新结构复合材料换能器方面有着不俗的表现。通过设计具有特殊结构的过渡层,探索压电陶瓷剪切振动的利用方法,将压电陶瓷产生的剪切振动转化为复合材料的厚度振动,以此来满足水声换能器的要求,进而提高复合材料的压电性。通过有限元分析和实验验证,研究了该设计中结构参数、过渡层材料种类对复合材料整体性能的影响。     

初应力对压电薄膜体声波谐振器厚度拉伸模态谐振特性的影响

本文研究了初应力对压电薄膜体声波谐振器（FBAR）厚度拉伸模态谐振特性的影响。利用含初应力压电材料的压电弹性基本方程,推导出理想FBAR在正弦激励电压作用下的振动方程。然后根据边界条件,求出问题的解。得到了串联和并联谐振频率,并给出了具体的数值算例,讨论了初应力对谐振频率、带宽和有效机电耦合系数的影响。所得结果对于提高和改善FBAR的性能有参考意义。     

An exact analytical solution for freely vibrating piezoelectric coupled circular/annular thick plates using Reddy plate theory

Based on third-order shear deformation plate theory of Reddy, the authors aim to provide an exact analytical solution for free vibration analysis of thick circular/annular plates, both upper and lower surfaces of which are in contact with a piezoelectric layer. Natural frequencies are determined by the solution of the coupled electromechanical governing equations for a combination of free, soft simply supported, hard simply supported and clamped boundary conditions at the inner and outer edges of the plate. The electrodes on each piezoelectric layer are assumed to be short-circuited. The Maxwell electrostatics equation is satisfied by adopting a half-sine distribution of the electric potential in the transverse direction of the piezoelectric layers. A comparison of the present exact natural frequencies for piezoelectric coupled circular/annular plates with different boundary conditions is made with previously published results obtained by the Mindlin plate theory and 3-D modified finite element method. The effects of plate parameters such as host thickness to radius ratios, inner to outer radius ratios and piezoelectric to host thickness ratios on the natural frequencies of laminated circular/annular plates are investigated for different combinations of boundary conditions. Results obtained by the present exact closed-form solutions can be served as benchmark data for investigators to validate their numerical and analytical methods in the future.     

Effect of electric load impedances on the performance of sandwich piezoelectric transducers

Based on the electromechanical equivalent circuit, the sandwich piezoelectric transducer with adjustable resonance frequency is studied. The underlying theory of frequency adjustment is its piezoelectric effect. In this paper, the influence of electric load impedance (including electric resistance, electric inductance, and electric capacitance) on the resonance frequency, the antiresonance frequency, and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. It is demonstrated that the electric load impedance can change the resonance frequency, the antiresonance frequency, and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient. When the electric load resistance is increased, the resonance frequency and the antiresonance frequency are increased; the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient has a maximum value when the electric load resistance changes. When the electric load resistance becomes large, the effect of the electric load resistance on the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is negligible. When the electric load inductance is increased, the resonance frequency and the antiresonance frequency are decreased, whereas the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is increased. When the electric load capacitance is increased, the resonance frequency, the antiresonance frequency, and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient are all decreased. It should be noted that when the electric load impedance becomes large, the effect of the electric load impedance on the resonance frequency, the antiresonance frequency, and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of a sandwich piezoelectric transducer becomes negligible.     

Free Vibration of Laminated Composite Shallow Shells Containing Piezoelectric Layers

The free vibration of laminated shallow shells containing piezoelectric layers is investigated in this article. A finite-element formulation based on the transverse shear deformation theory has been used to determine the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and modal voltages of laminated composite shell structures containing piezoelectric layers. Comparisons of degenerate cases with published results show excellent agreement. The effect of electromechanical coupling on the predicted natural frequencies is discussed. Results are presented for different geometries, laminate configurations, and boundary conditions. The effects of shell shallowness and piezoelectric layer thickness are also studied. Higher natural frequencies are obtained when the full electromechanical coupling is considered. It is also found that the natural frequencies increase considerably with the shell curvature, particularly for thin piezoelectric layers.     

Fabrication and modeling of high-frequency PZT composite thick film membrane resonators

High-frequency, thickness mode resonators were fabricated using a 7 microm piezoelectric transducer (PZT) thick film that was produced using a modified composite ceramic sol-gel process. Initial studies dealt with the integration of the PZT thick film onto the substrate. Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) was selected as a diffusion barrier layer and gave good results when used in conjunction with silicon oxide (SiO2) as an etch stop layer. Using these conditions, devices were produced and the acoustic properties measured and modeled. The resonators showed a resonant frequency of about 200 MHz, an effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of 0.34, and a Q factor of 22. Modeling was based on a Mason-type model that gave good agreement between the experimental data and the simulations. The latter showed, for the PZT thick film, an electromechanical coupling coefficient of 0.35, a stiffness of 8.65 x 10(10) N x m(-2) and an e33,f piezoelectric coefficient of 9 C x m(-2).     

Effects of in-plane constraints on the free vibration of a symmetrically laminated doubly curved panel

Summary. For a symmetrically laminated curved panel, although the stretching-bending anisotropic coupling stiffnesses are zero, but due to presence of the curvature, the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviors of the panel are still coupled, and hence the in-plane constraints at the boundaries have influences on the transverse behavior of the panel. Such effects of in-plane constraints on the free vibration of the symmetrically laminated curved panel are investigated using a modified Galerkin method in this study. Transverse shear deformation of the panel is considered by using first-order shear deformation theory. Numerical results of the symmetric angle-ply and cross-ply laminated panel with simply supported boundary conditions (SS2 and SS3) are presented. Results show that the in-plane boundary constraints have significant effects on the vibration behavior of the symmetrically laminated curved panel, and the effects strongly depend on the radius of curvature, thickness and lamination schemes, etc. Effects of bending-twisting anisotropic coupling of symmetric angle-ply laminate on the vibration behavior are also discussed.     

Thermoelasticity analysis of functionally graded beam with integrated surface piezoelectric layers

This paper presents analytical solution for functionally graded material (FGM) beams integrated with piezoelectric actuator and sensor under an applied electric field and thermo-mechanical load. In FGM host properties is assumed to vary exponentially in thickness direction and the Poisson’s ratio is held constant. The hybrid beam is in a state of plane stress and the piezoelectric is composed of orthotropic materials. The beam is simply supported with the bottom surface traction free and zero temperature. By using of state-space method in thickness direction and Fourier series in longitudinal direction, the solution can be made. To verify the accuracy of the present formulation, numerical results for the simple case is compared with results obtained in the published literature. Finally, effects of FGM index, electromechanical coupling, thickness ratio and thermo-mechanical surface boundary condition on the bending behaviour of beam are investigated.     

An effective thickness to estimate stresses in laminated glass beams under dynamic loadings

Finite element models for estimating stresses and displacements in laminated glass elements under dynamic loadings are very time-consuming because (1) many small 3D elements are needed to model accurately all the layers of the sandwich element and (2) the core usually shows a time and temperature dependent behaviour. In the last years, the concept of effective thickness using a quasi-elastic solution has got the attention of the research community because of its simplicity and reasonable level of accuracy achieved in the calculation of laminated glass elements under static loadings. In this paper, a dynamic effective thickness to estimate stresses in laminated glass beams under dynamic loadings in the frequency domain is derived using the correspondence principle. The analytical equations are validated by experimental tests carried out on simply supported and free–free laminated glass beams at different temperatures in the range 20–40 °C.     

受压对称迭层矩形板的自由振动分析

根据受压的对称迭层矩形板自由振动的微分方程可以求得各种解析解来求解各种边值问题。迭层板有两种,一种是正交铺设,其方向与坐标轴平行,属正交异性板,当板的四边为简支时,可用双正弦级数来求解自由振动的各阶频率及其振型以及均匀受压的各阶临界载荷及其屈型。另一种是角铺设,属各向异性板,当两相邻边为自由,另两边为简支或固支时可用复数级数来求解其最低频率及其振型以及最低临界载荷及其屈型。此时其特征方程的根为两对复根,且可表成三角级数和双曲线级数,以满足边界条件。另外用代数多项式和双正弦级数组成的解来满足角点条件。在算例中计算了若干板受压或不受压的振动频率和临界载荷,并与其他文献进行了对比。     

Computational approach of piezoelectric shells by the GDQ method

A piezoelectric laminated cylindrical shell with shear rotations effect under the electromechanical loads and four sides simply supported boundary condition was studied by using the two-dimensional generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) computational method. The typical hybrid composite shells with 3-layered cross-ply [90°/0°/90°] graphite–epoxy laminate and bounded PVDF layers are considered under the sinusoidal pressure loads and electric potentials on the shell. The governing partial differential equation with first-order shear deformation theory in terms of mid-surface displacements and shear rotations can be expressed in series equations by the GDQ formulation. Thus we obtain the GDQ numerical solutions of non-dimensional displacement and stresses at center position of laminated piezoelectric shells. Displacement is generally affected by the thickness of laminated piezoelectric shells under the action of mechanical load. Stresses are generally affected by the thickness and the length of laminated piezoelectric shells under the actions of mechanical load and electric potential.