反应性增容制备高性能PLA/PA11共混物

由于聚乳酸(PLA)与尼龙11(PA11)的相容性较差,因此,利用熔融接枝法制备了PLA与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)的接枝物PLA-g-GMA,并充当共混物的增容剂。在共混的过程中,利用增容剂原位反应性,增容PLA与PA11的共混体系。对共混物进行力学性能测试,结果表明,在没有添加增容剂的条件下,共混物的力学性能较差;随着接枝物的加入,共混物的力学性能显著提高。在PLA/PA11(80/20)组分中,当增容剂的含量达到20%时,共混物的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度均达到了最大值分别为281. 14%、53. 16 MPa,且材料抗冲击性能也有一定的改善,与纯PLA相比,增加了132%。     

丙交酯接枝淀粉提高聚乳酸/淀粉共混物透明性的研究

合成了丙交酯接枝淀粉(STL),采用红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振(NMR)表征了其结构。分别制备了聚乳酸(PLA)与塑化淀粉(TPS)、马来酸酐改性淀粉(MTPS)、STL质量比为90/10、70/30、50/50的熔融共混物,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、雾度、透光率和拉伸测试表征了共混物的微观形貌、透明性和力学性能。结果表明:PLA/STL共混物中淀粉分散相尺寸更小,透明性与力学性能均明显大于PLA/TPS和PLA/MTPS。PLA/STL(90/10)共混物的透光率达到72.3%,力学性能接近纯PLA。     

天然橡胶和纤维素纳米晶对聚乳酸的共混改性研究

通过在天然橡胶(NR)分子链上接枝丙烯酸丁酯(BA)制备接枝改性物NR-g-PBA,并将NR-g-PBA以及NRg-PBA和纤维素纳米晶(CNC)分别与聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混,得到PLA/NR-g-PBA二元共混物和PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC三元共混物。研究NR-g-PBA和CNC对共混物力学性能、结晶性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:与PLA相比,PLA/NR-g-PBA二元共混物的韧性提高,但拉伸强度降低;随着CNC用量增大,PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC三元共混物的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率均呈先提高后降低趋势,PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC共混物(CNC相对于PLA的质量分数为0. 005)的拉伸强度最高,PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC共混物(CNC相对于PLA的质量分数为0. 01)的拉断伸长率最高;PLA/NR-g-PBA二元共混物和PLA/NR-g-PBA/CNC三元共混物的结晶温度和结晶度均比纯PLA有所提高;NR-g-PBA和CNC的引入有助于提高PLA的热稳定性。     

PEG对PLA/PBS共混物结构与性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/聚乙二醇(PLA/PBS/PEG)共混物,研究了PEG组分对PLA/PBS共混体系微观结构、流变性能、结晶性能、动态力学性能以及冲击性能的影响。结果表明,将PEG组分添加到PLA/PBS共混物中,能够降低PBS分散相的尺寸,均化分散相尺寸分布,增强界面结合。与PLA/PBS共混物相比,PLA/PBS/PEG共混物的复数黏度大幅度降低。由于PEG对PLA和PBS分子链同时具有增塑作用,使PLA/PBS/PEG共混物的结晶能力远大于相应的PLA/PBS共混物,最高结晶度可达17. 4%。通过测试,动态力学性能结果表明,PEG组分能够降低共混体系中PLA组分的玻璃化转变温度,并且促进PLA与PBS之间的相容性。此外,PLA/PBS/PEG共混物的冲击强度得到了显著提高,最高可达到4. 71 k J·m~(-2),比未添加PEG组分的PLA/PBS共混物提高了25. 3%。     

聚乳酸/热塑性淀粉多组分生物可降解共混物研究进展

全生物基聚乳酸/淀粉生物可降解材料,同时具有聚乳酸(PLA)的高性能和淀粉(TPS)的低成本,是近年来受到广泛关注的全生物降解高分子体系。由于淀粉具有较强的亲水性,与PLA基体难以相容,使界面的黏附性较差,导致材料的性能恶化; PLA/TPS共混物体系研究的焦点主要是通过改善组分的界面相容性,提高共混物的力学性能。文章对聚乳酸/热塑性淀粉(PLA/TPS)共混物的制备和性能进行介绍,对PLA/TPS二元共混物的力学性能进行了概述,主要总结了增塑剂、无机粒子对PLA/TPS共混物界面结构和力学性能的影响,详细阐述了接枝(嵌段)共聚物、小分子化合物增容PLA/TPS共混物多组分体系的研究进展。高性能聚乳酸/淀粉生物可降解多组分共混物是一种极具开发前景的新型生物可降解塑料。     

PLA/PBAT/二(噁)唑啉共混物的性能

以2,2-(1,3-亚苯基)-二(噁)唑啉(BOZ)为增容剂,采用熔融共混的方法制备聚乳酸(PLA)/聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)/BOZ共混物,研究该增容剂对共混体系的力学性能、微观形态、结晶性能的影响.结果表明:少量的增容剂能提高PLA和PBAT的界面粘合力,改善PLA/PBAT共混体系的力学性能.在不同的PBAT含量下,PLA/PBAT/BOZ的力学性能均高于PLA/PBAT.由TEM可以看出,BOZ的加入使PBAT的分散相尺寸明显减小,分散更均匀.DSC结果表明:BOZ的加入使共混物中PLA的结晶速率和结晶度下降.     

聚乳酸共混增韧和耐热性能的研究

将乙烯/甲基丙烯酸丁酯/甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物(GEBMA)和滑石粉(Talc)按不同比例加入聚乳酸(PLA)基体中,熔融共混制备PLA/GEBMA/Talc共混物。将GEBMA的质量分数固定为10%,探讨了不同含量的Talc对PLA/GEBMA/Talc共混物的力学性能、流变性能、热性能、相形态以及耐热性能的影响。结果表明:GEBMA的加入提高了PLA的韧性,冲击强度从纯PLA的4.3 kJ/m~2提高到PLA/GEBMA(90/10)的21.6 kJ/m~2。随着Talc含量的增加,PLA/GEBMA/Talc共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度降低,弹性模量增加,PLA/GEBMA/Talc材料具有良好的力学性能。Talc起到了异相成核作用,可以提高结晶速率,减小PLA的晶体尺寸,改善了共混物的耐热性能。PLA/GEBMA/Talc材料可广泛用于可生物降解的注塑产品。     

分散相的缓慢结晶行为及其对PLA/PHBH共混物性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸/聚3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基己酸酯(PLA/PHBH)共混物.研究了共混物在储存过程中分散相PHBH的缓慢结晶行为及其对PLA基体阻隔性能、力学性能和透明性的影响规律.结果 表明,当PHBH的质量分数为30％时,PLA/PHBH共混物表现出优异的韧性,其断裂伸长率为150％.在储存过程中...     

PLA/PTW共混物的制备及性能研究

聚乳酸(PLA)/乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(PTW)以不同比例通过双螺杆挤出机反应性挤出制备。对PLA/PTW共混物的力学性能、热性能、流变性能和动态力学性能进行了研究。力学结果表明,添加5%的PTW时,共混物的冲击强度为纯PLA的4倍左右,明显改善了PLA的柔韧性。热性能测试结果表明PTW的加入抑制了PLA的结晶能力,提高了PLA/PTW共混物的热稳定性。动态力学测试表明PLA与PTW之间有一定的相容性。     

聚乳酸/聚羟基烷酸酯全生物降解共混物研究进展

介绍了聚乳酸(PLA)/聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)全生物降解共混物研究进展,包括PLA/聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)共混物、PLA/β-羟基丁酸酯与β-羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)共混物等,其中重点介绍了其相容性与相态结构、结晶性能、热性能、力学性能、降解性能等方面的研究成果。     

聚乳酸/尼龙11/氯醚弹性体三元共混体系结构与性能研究

以生物基尼龙11(PA11)和氯醚橡胶(ECO)作为聚乳酸(PLA)的增韧和耐热改性剂,通过熔融共混的方法制备了PLA/PA11/ECO三元共混体系,并系统表征了体系的相容性、形貌结构、热行为及物理性能.PA11的存在改善了共混体系组分之间相容性.连续相PA11能有效提高PLA基体的维卡软化温度至160 ℃以上.PLA...     

Improvement in toughness and crystallization of poly(L‐lactic acid) by melt blending with poly(epichlorohydrin‐co‐ethylene oxide)

Melt blending of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(epichlorohydrin‐co‐ethylene oxide) copolymers (ECO) was performed to improve the toughness and crystallization of PLA. Thermal and scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that PLA and ECO were not thermodynamically miscible but compatible to some extent. The addition of a small amount of ECO accelerated the crystallization rate and increased the final crystallinity of PLA in the blends. Significant enhancement in toughness and flexibility of PLA were achieved by the incorporation of the ECO elastomer. When 20 wt% ECO added, the impact strength increased from 5 kJ/m² of neat PLA to 63.9 kJ/m², and the elongation at break increased from 5% to above 160%. The failure mode changed from brittle fracture of neat PLA to ductile fracture of the blend. Rheological measurement showed that the melt elasticity and viscosity of the blend increased with the concentration of ECO. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Morphology and properties of the biosourced poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide‐b‐amide‐12) blends

Biosourced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends with different content of poly(ethylene oxide‐b‐amide‐12) (PEBA) were prepared by melt compounding. The miscibility, phase structure, crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and toughening mechanism were investigated. The blend was an immiscible system with the PEBA domains evenly dispersed in the PLA matrix. The PEBA component suppressed the nonisothermal melt crystallization of PLA. With the addition of PEBA, marked improvement in toughness of PLA was achieved. The maximum for elongation at break and impact strength of the blend reached the level of 346% and 60.5 kJ/m², respectively. The phase morphology evolution in the PLA/PEBA blends after tensile and impact tests was investigated, and the corresponding toughening mechanism was discussed. It was found that the PLA matrix demonstrates obvious shear yielding in the blend during the tensile and impact tests, which induced energy dissipation and therefore lead to improvement in toughness of the PLA/PEBA blends. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

环氧类增容剂反应增容PLA/PBAT共混体系的研究

以环氧类增容剂(REC)为增容剂,采用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制备聚乳酸(PLA)/聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)共混物。研究了增容剂对共混体系微观结构、力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,添加适量REC可以提高PLA与PBAT的相容性,改善PLA/PBAT共混体系的综合力学性能;REC用量为1.4份时共混体系呈现出良好的相容性,此时共混物冲击强度由268 kJ/m2增加到621 kJ/m2、断裂伸长率提高由222 %增加到357 %。     

ABS高胶粉对ABS/PET/SMA合金的增韧研究

采用ABS高胶粉(ABSHR)对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/苯乙烯-g-马来酸酐(SMA)合金进行增韧改性;探讨了ABSHR对合金体系的力学性能、耐热性和流变性能的影响;同时采用扫描电镜(SEM)对其断面形态进行表征。研究结果表明:ABSHR可以显著提高ABS/PET/SMA合金的冲击强度和断裂伸长率。当ABSHR加入量为20份时,冲击强度从7.7kJ/m2提高到17.6kJ/m2,断裂伸长率从24.6%提高到60.2%;而体系的拉伸强度和弯曲强度有不同程度的降低;维卡软化温度随着ABSHR的增加而逐渐降低;ABSHR增韧体系的剪切黏度和假塑性均得到提高。未增韧的合金断面较平整;而增韧的合金断面产生大量橡胶撕裂带,并伴有应力发白现象。     

界面增容剂的结构对PLA/PP共混体系界面状态及性能的影响

通过在聚乳酸(PLA)和聚丙烯(PP)共混体系中分别引入马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-GMA),制备出具有不同结构及性能的共混材料(PLA/PP/POE-g-MAH,PLA/PP/POE-g-GMA),并采用转矩流变仪、扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、平板流变仪及电子万能试验机等研究了不同界面增容剂的结构对PLA/PP共混体系界面状态及性能的影响。结果表明,POE-g-MAH和POE-g-GMA均可改善PLA与PP的相界面形态,但与POE-g-GMA相比,POE-g-MAH的界面催化效率更高,对PLA/PP共混体系增容效果更好,其可诱导PLA与PP在界面处形成微交联结构,增强PLA与PP的界面相互作用,改善材料的机械性能,当添加4wt%的POE-g-MAH时,PLA/PP/POE-g-MAH共混物的拉伸强度达29.7 MPa,断裂伸长率提升至39.3%,较PLA/PP样品提高了8倍;并且共混材料的冲击强度随着POE-g-MAH含量的增加而增加,当其添加量为6wt%时,材料冲击强度达30.1 kJ/m2,材料具有较好的刚韧平衡性。     

Morphologies and mechanical properties of polylactide/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer blends

To explore a potential method for improving the toughness of a polylactide (PLA), we used a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer with a high strength and toughness and biocompatibility to prepare PLA/TPU blends suitable for a wide range of applications of PLA as general‐purpose plastics. The structure and properties of the PLA/TPU blends were studied in terms of the mechanical and morphological properties. The results indicate that an obvious yield and neck formation was observed for the PLA/TPU blends; this indicated the transition of PLA from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. The elongation at break and notched impact strength for the PLA/20 wt %TPU blend reached 350% and 25 KJ/m², respectively, without an obvious drop in the tensile strength. The blends were partially miscible systems because of the hydrogen bonding between the molecules of PLA and TPU. Spherical particles of TPU dispersed homogeneously in the PLA matrix, and the fracture surface presented much roughness. With increasing TPU content, the blends exhibited increasing tough failure. The J‐integral value of the PLA/TPU blend was much higher than that of the neat PLA; this indicated that the toughened blends had increasing crack initiation resistance and crack propagation resistance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Improvement in toughness and crystallization of poly(L‐lactic acid) by melt blending with ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer

Melt blending of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EGA) containing relatively high‐concentration epoxide groups (8 wt%) was performed to improve the toughness and crystallization of PLA. The results of nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization investigation showed that the addition of EGA accelerated the crystallization rate and increased the final crystallinity of PLA in the blends. Significant enhancement in toughness and flexibility of PLA were achieved by the incorporation of the EGA elastomer. When 20 wt% EGA added, the impact strength increased from 3.0 kJ m^?2 of neat PLA to 59.8 kJ m^?2 and the elongation at break increased from 4.9 to 232.0%. The failure mode changed from brittle fracture of neat PLA to ductile fracture of the blend. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2498–2508, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

异氰酸酯对聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯共混物性能的影响

以4,4^′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）为反应增容剂，采用熔融共混法制备了不同MDI含量的聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯（PLA/TPU）共混物，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、万能试验机、冲击试验机、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和旋转流变仪对共混物力学性能、微观形态、热性能和流变性能进行了研究。结果表明：MDI可以有效改善共混物的力学性能，当MDI质量分数为1%时，共混物力学性能最佳，缺口冲击强度为40.0kJ/m²，断裂伸长率为214.1%，与未加MDI的共混物相比，分别增加了4.3倍和5.8倍，拉伸强度稍有下降（47.6MPa）；SEM表明，MDI的加入提高了共混物的相容性，加入MDI后，共混物的断面由海-岛结构变为核-壳包覆结构，相界面作用力增强；DSC测试表明，共混物的玻璃化转变温度、冷结晶温度和熔融温度随着MDI含量的增加而升高；流变测试表明，MDI质量分数的增加，共混物呈现更显著的剪切变稀行为，推测共混反应机理为：MDI质量分数的增加，体系内依次发生PLA的扩链、支化和TPU的交联。     

PPC与IPDI原位聚合增韧聚乳酸

以聚碳酸亚丙酯多元醇(PPC)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为反应性增韧单体,在熔融共混过程中原位聚合生成聚氨酯(PU)增韧相,制备了新型增韧PLA/PU材料。通过FTIR、万能电子试验机、TG、DSC、SEM测试研究了单体用量对PLA共混物加工性、相容性及韧性的影响规律。结果表明:随着增韧单体用量的增加,共混物中PLA组分的冷结晶温度(Tc)和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)降低;当n(NCO)/n(OH)=1/1,PPC用量为30%时,共混物的断裂伸长率和冲击强度比纯PLA分别增加71.8倍和15.6倍;原位聚合物对PLA有较好的增韧效果。