EVA装置生产的LDPE结构与加工性能研究

分析了乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)装置上生产的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE) A与市售同类料LDPE B的差异，指出EVA装置因装置保护带来聚合工艺的差异，长、短支链支化作用降低，链段拓扑结构及立构规整性的差异可能是LDPE A熔体流动速率、密度等宏观物性偏低的主要原因；其短支链多、分子链均方回转半径小可能是LDPE A相对分子质量、结晶度等微观物性偏低的主要原因。EVA装置因三峰运行生产的LDPE A与同类料LDPE B相比，薄膜制品光学性能优，摩擦系数低，拉伸性能、加工流变性能、熔融温度相当，即聚合工艺的调整未对制品性能产生负面影响。     

超细纤维用LDPE的结构与性能

采用凝胶渗透色谱仪、差示扫描量热仪等表征了超细纤维用低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的结构与性能。结果表明:与采用釜式法工艺生产的LDPE相比,采用管式法工艺生产的LDPE YW-40的重均分子量低、相对分子质量分布窄、长支链较少,熔融温度、熔融焓高;LDPE YW-40的熔体流动速率与LDPE GW(釜式法工艺生产)相近;LDPE YW-40的熔体黏度较低,黏流活化能较高,温度敏感性强,剪切敏感性弱;LDPE YW-40的断裂拉伸应变高,熔体拉伸断裂速率高;应用试验表明,LDPE YW-40的性能满足超细纤维生产要求。     

我国涂覆级树脂生产状况及发展前景

综述了涂覆级低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和聚丙烯(PP)的生产工艺、工艺参数、产品性能指标、基础性能评价、加工性能及应用领域。针对生产实际情况,论述了涂覆级LDPE和PP树脂对复合袋剥离强度的影响。今后应加强开发双功能的过氧化物,在较高的温度下,以较高的收率得到高相对分子质量涂覆级LDPE。寻求较低的熔点和较好的密封性能,是涂覆级PP的研究方向。     

复合膜用低密度聚乙烯的结构及加工性研究

研究了低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)2426F复合膜用树脂的分子结构、流动性能及加工性能。结果表明:LDPE2426F具有较高的相对分子质量、相对分子质量分布适中;在流变试验中,温度较低时,熔体黏度对剪切速率的敏感性较强,随剪切速率和温度的提高,熔体黏度对剪切速率的敏感性减弱,通过控制剪切速率可使膜泡加工稳定;薄膜的力学性能随加工温度和吹胀比的不同而变化。     

LDPE/SEBS/CB电致形状记忆复合材料的结构与性能

通过熔融共混法将热塑性弹性体氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)制成形状记忆聚合物(SMP)材料;在SMP材料中填充导电炭黑(CB),制成具有电致形状记忆特性的LDPE/SEBS/CB复合材料。通过SEM、DSC分析和力学性能、电性能、记忆性能测试,研究了CB含量对电致SMP材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明:当CB含量达到20%时,LDPE/SEBS/CB复合形状记忆材料的体积电阻率降至103Ω·cm左右,CB的导电网络趋于稳定;并且LDPE/SEBS/CB(2:2:1)复合形状记忆材料的形状固定率约90%,常温拉伸和高温拉伸时均表现出较高的形状回复率(约90%),拉伸模量约170MPa,拉伸强度约9.5MPa,断裂伸长率约400%。     

LDPE生产工艺中的相平衡

运用相平衡理论分析了低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)工艺流程及LDPE在不同压力、温度、相对分子质量状态下的相分离特性,优化了工艺操作方案,使LDPE熔融产品在分离系统中能够有效地分离,降低了聚合物在装置设备上的结垢速度,避免了因聚合物结垢带来的安全隐患。     

浸塑用低密度聚乙烯研究

对浸塑用LDPE产品的性能进行了详细的研究,并对性能和结构较为相似的2410T和LD400的相对分子质量、相对分子质量分布、结晶性能进行表征和讨论,同时利用毛细管流变对2410T和LD400做了流变性能的研究。结果显示,浸塑用LDPE产品的特点在于熔体流动速率较高,一般均高于30g/10min,相对分子质量较小,结晶性能较好,加工温度范围为155~180℃。     

LDPE/剑麻纤维素微晶复合材料性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)/剑麻纤维素微晶(SFCM)复合材料,研究了SFCM的用量对LDPE/SFCM复合材料的力学性能、维卡软化点、熔体流动速率及熔融结晶行为的影响。力学性能测试表明:SFCM的加入可明显提高基体LDPE的拉伸弹性模量、弯曲强度及模量,但降低了体系的拉伸强度。当加入3份的SFCM时,LDPE/SFCM复合材料的缺口冲击强度最大,为46.9 k J/m~2,比纯LDPE提高了33.2%。热性能、流动性能及DSC研究表明:SFCM的加入对LDPE/SFCM复合材料的维卡软化点、熔融温度及结晶温度影响不明显,但降低了复合材料的熔体流动速率,同时LDPE的结晶度明显提高。     

热收缩膜专用LDPE树脂的性能

研究了热收缩膜专用低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)2520D的物理性能、相对分子质量分布、流变行为和热收缩性能。LDPE 2520D具有较低的熔体流动速率、较高的相对分子质量、合适的密度、较好的力学性能,其熔体动态流变行为符合剪切变稀、挤出变硬的特点,加工性能良好;用LDPE 2520D吹塑的薄膜的横、纵向热收缩率分别达到63.2%,68.5%,高于国家标准要求。应用试验表明,采用LDPE 2520D制作的热收缩薄膜性能优异,力学性能、收缩率等均满足客户的要求。     

涂覆级LDPE树脂18G的开发

探讨了涂覆级低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)树脂18 G的生产工艺条件,分析了反应压力、反应温度、相对分子质量调节剂及引发剂的用量对18 G性能的影响,最终确定了反应温度为(310±4)℃,反应压力为(275±5)MPa,相对分子质量调节剂丙烯注入量为130～140kg/h等生产工艺参数.对开发后的产品进行了基础物性和加工性能分析,加工应用试验表明,18 G综合性能优良,达到国内涂覆级LDPE树脂先进水平.     

Preparation of Silane-Grafted and Moisture Crosslinked Low Density Polyethylene. Part II: Electrical,Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Among different polyethylene cross-linking methods, such as peroxide, irradiation, and silane cross-linking, silane-based methods are the most suitable methods for producing cable insulation and hot water pipe materials due to process simplicity and superior properties of its product. Some electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of silane-grafted water-cross-linked polyethylene were investigated. The effects of silane grafting and gel content on volume resistivity, tensile properties and melting behavior of low density polyethylene (LDPE) were studied. Results indicated that volume resistivity increased with increasing gel content. Stress at break increased with increasing grafting level and gel content. Elongation at break increased with grafting and decreased with gel content. High temperature tensile properties showed that cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is more stable than LDPE at high temperature. In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis a broad endothermic peak appeared for XLPE due to phase separation. Melting point and crystalline percentage decreased with increased grafting level and gel content. Incorporation of carbon black into XLPE reduced the volume resistivity and degree of crystallization.     

LLDPE/LDPE blends. I. Rheological,thermal, and mechanical properties

Structure and mechanical properties were studied for the binary blends of a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) (ethylene‐1‐hexene copolymer; density = 900 kg m⁻³) with narrow short chain branching distribution and a low density polyethylene (LDPE) which is characterized by the long chain branches. It was found by the rheological measurements that the LLDPE and the LDPE are miscible in the molten state. The steady‐state rheological properties of the blends can be predicted using oscillatory shear moduli. Furthermore, the crystallization temperature of LDPE is higher than that of the LLDPE and is found to act as a nucleating agent for the crystallization of the LLDPE. Consequently, the melting temperature, degree of crystallinity, and hardness of the blend increase rapidly with increases in the LDPE content in the blend, even though the amount of the LDPE in the blend is small. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 3153–3159, 1999     

Mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of irradiated low-density polyethylene by electron beam

The effect of electron-beam (EB) irradiation on the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was studied The LDPE was irradiated by using 3?MeV EB machine at doses ranging from 25 to 250?kGy in air at room temperature and analyzed for mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. It was revealed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis that the crystallinity of the EB-radiated LDPE decreased slightly as verified by a marginal reduction in the densities, enthalpy, and melting points. Thermogravimetric analysis test showed that the thermal degradation of LDPE improved by increasing irradiation. The results obtained from both gel content and hot set tests, indicating whether the applicable LDPE has been properly cross-linked or not, showed that under the EB irradiation conditions employed, the cross-linking of the LDPE samples occur mainly in the amorphous region, and the cross-linking density at each irradiation dose depends almost on the amorphous portions of the LDPE. A significant improvement in the tensile strength of the neat LDPE samples was obtained upon EB up to 250?kGy with a concomitant decline in elongation at break. The results on the electrical properties revealed that the surface resistance, volume resistivity, and dielectric strength of the LDPE increase with irradiation dose and reaches a maximum at a 250?kGy irradiation dose. No considerable change of breakdown voltage, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss factor were observed with increasing irradiation dose. The enhancement in the heat deformation, hardness, and thermal aging properties of LDPE upon EB irradiation, suggests that irradiated LDPE is more thermally and mechanically stable than virgin LDPE.     

高硬度聚氨酯灌封胶的制备及性能研究

以聚醚A、聚醚B、聚合MDI为原料,采用一步法合成了高硬度聚氨酯灌封胶,考察了聚醚配比、硬段含量、复配扩链剂配比对材料的硬度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、体积电阻率的影响。结果表明,随着聚醚A含量增加,材料的硬度、拉伸强度逐渐增加;体积电阻率先增加后减少,并在聚醚A和聚醚B的质量比为1：2时达到最大值;当复配扩链剂TMP和BDO质量比为1：2时,体积电阻率达4．8×10^16Ω·cm,材料的综合性能最佳,且可以满足市场需求。     

湿热老化对LDPE/POE结晶行为和力学性能的影响

在温度(40±2)℃,相对湿度93%条件下,研究了湿热老化对低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)与乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)共混物结晶行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着湿热老化时间的延长,纯LDPE的拉伸强度以及POE用量分别为30%和70%共混物的断裂伸长率稍有增加。湿热老化对共混物的结晶行为产生了显著影响,且结晶行为的变化主要在老化前期完成。在老化中,POE的熔融峰和LDPE的低温熔融峰向高温方向漂移,并提高了共混物中LDPE在高温位置结晶的完善性和均一性。纯LDPE在老化过程中,小尺寸的晶体逐渐长大,结晶度逐渐增大,提高了LDPE结晶的完善性,且主要对LDPE(110)晶面产生明显的影响。     

管式法挤出涂层专用LDPE的性能及质量改进

针对管式工艺生产的挤出涂层专用低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)产品存在涂层与基材的黏结强度低、淋膜缩幅大等问题,通过与同类釜式产品的性能和结构的对比研究发现,管式产品的分子支化程度过低是造成其性能不佳的主要原因。分析了影响产品长链支化程度的工艺因素,并提出了增加产品长支链含量的方法。初步试生产表明:适当提高反应温度、降低反应压力并改变分子量调节剂的注入速度,可以有效地改善挤出涂层产品的性能。     

LDPE收缩膜专用树脂性能的研究

研究了低密度聚乙烯收缩膜专用树脂LD163的分子链结构、结晶性能及收缩性能。结果表明,LD163具有较高的相对分子质量、适中的相对分子质量分布,总体支化度低、长链支化度较高,结晶度高、结晶速率快。因此,LD163具有优良的力学性能,良好的加工性能,其薄膜制品的收缩性能及综合性能优异。     

Rheological and mechanical properties in polyethylene blends

Melt rheology and mechanical properties in linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/low density polyethylene (LDPE), LLDPE/high density polyethylene (HDPE), and HDPE/LDPE blends were investigated. All three blends were miscible in the melt, but the LLDPE/LDPE and HDPE/LDPE blends exibiled two crystallization and melting temperatures, indicating that those blends phase separated upon cooling from the melt. The melt strength of the blends increased with increasing molecular weight of the LDPE that was used. The mechanical properties of the LLDPE/LDPE blend were higher than claculated from a simple rule of mixtures, whiele those of the LLDPE/HDPE blend conformed to the rule of mixtures, but the properties of HDPE/LDPE were less than the rule of mixtures prediction.     

分子量分布对低密度聚乙烯光氧老化特性的影响

采用衰减全反射红外光谱技术（ATR-FTIR）、热重分析法（TG）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和力学试验比较研究了不同分子量分布指数低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）的光氧老化特性,分析了分子量分布对LDPE化学结构、热稳定性、平均分子量、表面微观形貌和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明分子量分布越宽,LDPE不饱和度增长越剧烈,支化作用增长越显著;分子量分布越窄,羰基指数增长越快;分子量分布对于分子结构的断链行为并无影响。分子量分布指数越大,LDPE起始热分解温度和失重5%对应温度下降更快,热稳定性更容易变差,平均分子量下降更多,表面微观形貌老化现象越严重;弯曲强度和冲击强度受影响更显著,指数为6.0的LDPE老化24 d冲击强度就已丧失。分析认为,分子量越大、分布越窄表明分子链越长、短分子链越少,与氧接触而产生自由基的概率也越小,因此聚乙烯分子量分布越宽,材料越容易老化。     

Heat‐sealing properties of soy protein isolate/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend films: Effect of the heat‐sealing temperature

To promote the heat‐sealing properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) films applied in the packaging field, we mixed a synthetic polymer of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with SPI to fabricate blend films by a solution‐casting method in this study. To clarify the relationship between the heat‐sealing properties and the heat‐sealing temperature, strength, melting process, crystalline structure, and microstructure, variations of the heat‐sealing parts of the films were evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The test results showed that both the PVA and glycerol contents greatly affected the melting behavior and heat of fusion of the SPI/PVA blends; these blend films had a higher melting temperature than the pure SPI films. The peel strength and tensile strength tests indicated that the long molecular chain of PVA had a main function of enhancing the mechanical properties above the melting temperature. With increasing heat‐sealing temperature, all of the mechanical properties were affected by the microstructure of the interface between the laminated films including the chain entanglement, crystallization, and recrystallization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010