铒微合金化铝合金的研究进展

微合金化是提高铝合金性能的重要途径,控制微量元素的种类和含量,充分发挥微量元素的作用是当前铝合金研究的主要方向之一。大量研究表明:廉价的Er能够起到有效的微合金化作用,Er元素在铝合金中可形成纳米级Al3Er强化相,并可通过与Zr复合作用形成Al3(ZrxEr1-x)复合相,比Al3Sc相具有更好的热稳定性,从而可以改善铝合金组织,大幅度提高铝合金的强度或塑性、明显抑制铝合金的再结晶以提高其耐热性,改善其综合性能。本文作者针对微合金化元素Er在铝合金中析出Al3Er相及Al3(ZrxEr1-x)复合相的过程及其对合金组织和性能的影响机理,以及Er微合金化在几类工业合金体系中的作用,介绍含铒铝合金的最新研究进展。     

Au与Au合金的微合金化

讨论和总结了Au与Au合金的微合金化.在Au合金中,微合金化元素的主要作用是强化、调整电阻率、细化晶粒尺寸和提高再结晶温度等. 几乎在所有的应用中,相对于Au具有大的熔点差或原子尺寸差的合金元素,诸如碱和碱土金属、稀土金属、高熔点金属、类金属和某些简单金属被选择作为微合金化元素. 介绍了微合金化Au合金的某些应用.许多微合金化元素对Au和Au合金性能的影响常常是多重和协同的.总结了对于不同应用的Au和Au合金的微合金化元素的某些选择原则.     

铝锂合金的合金化与微观组织演化

评述了铝锂合金的发展历程和应用以及我国铝锂合金研究所取得的成果。阐述了第3代铝锂合金的成分、微观组织和性能特点,讨论了合金化元素在调控铝锂合金微观组织进而改善性能方面的作用。大量研究表明,这些合金化元素可改变铝锂合金中原有析出相的大小、形状、分布,或刺激新强化相的析出,也可以细化晶粒、控制再结晶和晶粒取向。时效析出过程的本质和动力学在很大程度上取决于合金化元素之间的交互作用和合金原子的团簇化过程。     

2090Ce铝锂合金的焊缝热裂纹敏感性及接头力学性能

采用焊缝合金化手段，通过设计新型焊丝向焊缝中添加Ｌｉ、Ｚｒ和Ｃｅ等合金化元素，研究了２０９０Ｃｅ稀土铝锂合金焊缝金属的热裂纹敏感性；探讨了合金元素对接头力学性能的影响及作用规律；进而研究了适用于焊接２０９０Ｃｅ合金的焊丝合金成分。试验结果表明，向焊缝金属中添加适量的合金元素Ｌｉ、Ｚｒ和Ｃｅ，能够细化晶粒；增加焊缝中的共晶数量并改善其分布形态，从而有助于降低焊缝金属的热裂纹敏感性。另外，适量的Ｌｉ、Ｚｒ和Ｃｅ等合金元素还能够在不降低接头塑性的同时，明显改善接头的强度；但Ｌｉ和Ｃｅ含量过多则会对接头性能，特别是塑性造成损害。所设计的焊丝材料能够适用于焊接２０９０Ｃｅ稀土铝锂合金。     

微量元素在铝合金中的作用

总结了一些微量元素和痕量元素对形变铝合金组织、性能的影响。微量元素可以影响铝合金的时效过程,提高时效强化效果、控制合金的再结晶和晶粒长大,而Na等痕量元素可以造成铝合金的脆性断裂。     

Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金的合金化与微合金化

综述了铝锂合金研发历程及成分设计的发展阶段,重点阐述了Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金中主合金化元素Cu、Li含量对时效析出相类型、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能的影响规律及影响机理,详细论述了微合金化元素Zr、Mn、Mg、Ag、Zn、稀土和In等对Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金力学性能、耐腐蚀性能及微观组织包括再结晶、时效析出相类型与分...     

掺杂合金元素面向等离子体钨基材料的研究现状与发展趋势

钨基复合材料因其优良的性能逐渐取代碳基材料和铍等,成为最有可能应用于国际热核聚变实验堆中面向等离子体材料,但其存在低温脆性、再结晶脆化、辐照脆化和燃料粒子滞留等问题。目前,主要是从合金化、第二相颗粒弥散强化以及制备超细晶(UFG)/纳米晶钨基材料等方面来改善钨及其复合材料的性能。合金化是最常用的改善合金性能的手段之一,合金元素或扩散溶解于钨基体中,或作用于缺陷和杂质,改变钨基材料的组织结构从而提高其性能。综述主要介绍合金元素在钨合金中性能提升和作用机理,同时也指出合金元素改善钨合金性能方面存在的问题、可能的改善措施以及未来的发展趋势。     

Mg-5Sn-1.5Al-1Zn-1Si合金的高温变形机制

以Mg-5Sn-1.5Al-1Zn-1Si合金为研究对象,分析了复合强化、Sb元素及动态再结晶对合金高温变形机制的影响。结果表明:往复挤压镁合金经过复合强化与热处理后,晶界面积减少,晶界滑移得到有效控制,合金呈现优良的高温性能。对于Mg-5Sn-1.5Al-1Zn-1Si-x Sb合金,Sb元素具有活性作用,能够改善其高温强度,200℃以上效果更为显著,这主要与Mg_3Sb_2的熔点高、热稳定性好有关。合金经过动态再结晶以后,晶粒变大,对高温变形更加有利,同时温度升高,对动态再结晶具有促进作用,加速塑性变形。     

Au-Ag-Cu系开金合金的颜色与色度图

颜色和色度坐标是珠宝饰品设计与制造的重要因素与参数。Au-Ag-Cu系合金是最重要的颜色开金饰品合金。文章评述了Ag、Cu对Au和Au基合金的光反射率和颜色的影响;介绍了Au-Ag-Cu系合金的色度图、金合金色泽标准及某些标准颜色合金成分;讨论了某些合金化元素对Au-Ag-Cu系合金颜色的影响。通过调整Ag、Cu组元含量比例和添加其它合金化元素,Au-Ag-Cu系开金合金可以获得丰富多彩的颜色,对于设计与控制珠宝饰品的颜色有重要意义。     

铝锂合金2090-T83的合金化研究

以航空用铝锂合金2090-T83为研究对象,研究了合金化过程中Cu、Zn、Mn、Mg、Zr、In、Cd、Ge、Ag、Ce、La、Y和Sc等元素对合金强度、塑韧性、强化作用、腐蚀性能、焊接性及各向异性的影响及Ag、Mg元素对合金时效硬化的影响。结果表明:Cu、Zr、Ge、Sc、Ce、La和Y元素影响合金强度及塑韧性,Zn、Sc元素影响合金的腐蚀性能,Mn、Ce、La、Y元素影响合金各向异性,Mg、Ag、In、Cd元素影响合金的强化性能,Sc元素影响合金焊接性及热裂纹敏感性,Ag元素对合金时效强化效应很小,Mg元素对时效强化效应较大,Ag和Mg两元素结合对合金时效强化效应很大。     

Alloying and strengthening of gold via rare earth metal additions

A sketch map of simplified phase diagrams for Au-RE systems has been plotted and the interactions and the alloying behaviour between gold and the rare earth (RE) metals are summarized in this paper. The solid solubihties of the rare earth metals in gold increase as their atomic number increases. The soUd solubihties and alloying behaviour of yttrium and scandium are close to and similar to those of dysprosium and lutetium, respectively. The factors influencing the solid solubility are discussed. Hume-Rothery and Darken-Gurry proposed that the relationship between atomic size and electronegativity was a criterion for soUd solubifity. This can be revised for the alloying behaviour between gold and RE metals. The maximum solubility of RE metals in gold is greater than 1.0 at% RE when the difference in atomic size is less than 25% and that of the electronegativity is less than 0.7 imits. The relationship between the way in which the intermediate phases that exist in the various Au-RE systems are formed and their respective crystal structures are also summarized. The changes in transformation temperatures of eutectic reactions and the various intermediate phases, expressed as ratios with the melting points of gold or the RE metals, have been studied in relation to the atomic sizes and atomic numbers of the RE metals. These temperature ratios decrease as the atomic numbers of the RE metals increase although those for cerium and ytterbium have anomaloxxsly high values. The trends in the distribution and strengthening effect of RE metals present as trace or dilute solute in gold are discussed.     

An Investigation into the Effect of Alloying Elements on the Recrystallization Behavior of 70/30 Brass

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model has been designed for predicting the effects of alloying elements (Fe, Si, Al, Mn) on the recrystallization behavior and microstructural changes of 70/30 brass. The model introduced here considers the content of alloying elements, temperature, and time of recrystallization as inputs while percent of recrystallization is presented as output. It is shown that the designed model is able to predict the effect of alloying elements well. It is also shown that all alloying elements strongly affect the recrytallization kinetics, and all slow down the recrystallization process. The effect of alloying elements on the activation energy for recrystallization has also been investigated. The results show that Si is the element which increases the activation energy.     

键合金丝的合金化研究动向

根据最新的专利文献综述了高弧度，低弧度，高强度键合金丝的发展现状，介绍了微量添加元素的作用和Au-Cu-Ca,Au-Ag,Au-Ni,Au-Sn(In),Au-Pt(Pd)等合金化键合金丝的研究动向，以及键合金丝的微量添加元素复合化，组成合金化，加工细线化，低成本化的发展趋势。     

Nb和Cr对冷轧低碳低硅双相钢组织性能的影响

研究了在不同双相处理工艺条件下加Nb(0.033%)和加Cr(0.44%)两种低碳低硅冷轧双相钢的组织演变规律和性能特点。分析了合金元素Cr和Nb对双相组织中马氏体体积分数、马氏体形态和铁素体晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,Nb的作用主要是通过NbC粒子的析出阻碍再结晶晶粒的长大,从而在同样较低温度热处理工艺条件下,加Nb双相钢中的铁素体晶粒较细。随着处理温度的升高,当相变先于再结晶发生时,NbC对细化晶粒的作用不明显,因而加Nb和加Cr钢具有相近的铁素体晶粒尺寸。Cr提高奥氏体形成温度,导致双相处理时奥氏体的体积分数以及淬火后马氏体的体积分数的减少。力学性能分析表明,在同样的双相处理条件下,加Nb钢具有较高的强度和较低的屈强比;而加Cr钢则表现出较好的塑性。     

T91钢的回火工艺分析及其组织评定

通过不同正火和回火处理获得不同状态的T91钢试样。采用金相、扫描电镜,硬度测试等方法,研究了不同回火条件下T91钢的组织演化过程与硬度变化规律。结果表明,随正火温度升高,T91钢中合金元素逐渐固溶,板条马氏体逐渐粗化,残留奥氏体减少,1050℃正火后获得最佳细小马氏体组织。670～820℃回火时,T91钢的再结晶点(790℃)和相变点(820℃)很近,随着回火温度的升高,正火板条马氏体开始发生回复和再结晶,带来硬度的逐渐降低,其中790℃回火时硬度最低。T91钢交货态采用760～780℃的回火工艺处理,保证了板条马氏体只发生高温回复,没有发生再结晶,所以从转变过程和组织形态看,称T91钢交货态的组织为回火马氏体更合理。     

NiCrM (M = W, Mo, V) ternary alloy tapes as cube-textured substrates for second-generation superconducting cables

Development of the deformation texture and recrystallization processes have been studied in some ternary nickel-based alloys of the Ni-Cr-W, Ni-Cr-Mo, and Ni-Cr-V systems. An optimum relationship between the amounts of the alloying elements upon the combined alloying of nickel has been found. Problems of the optimization of the regimes of recrystallization annealing have been considered, which are related to an increase in the temperature of the onset of primary recrystallization in ternary nickel alloys after deformation by rolling to large reductions. An analysis of mechanical and magnetic properties of all the alloys has been performed.     

铸铁中微量元素分布规律的异化及应用

Pb、As、Sn等微量元素在不同形态的石墨区域中有不同的分布规律；在A型石墨区偏聚在基体中，在D型石墨区偏聚在石墨上。利用这两种分布规律，制取含Pb、As、Sn D型石墨铸铁，使Pb、As、Sn主要聚集在石墨上，微量残留在基体中，可以获得良好的力学性能。     

As-cast microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy containing trace amount of Sc

It has been reported that the element scandium(Sc) is the most effective modificator which can significantly refine the grain size, prohibit recrystallization process and increase the strength. Adding trace of Sc in 7000 series aluminum alloys is considered to be an effective way to modify its micros tructure and promote mechanical properties. In order to study the effect of Sc element on ascast microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy, ingots containing different amounts of Sc were prepared by ferrous-mold cast. Microstructures were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), optical microscope(OM) and scanning electrical microscope(SEM). The results indicate that when the Sc level exceeds a critical concentration,Al_3(Sc,Zr) primary phase would form in the melt and act as an efficient nucleant, resulting in very refined grain and an equiaxed grain structure. Sc element reduces the number of eutectic phases formed during solidification,coupled with an increase in the concentration of major alloying elements retained in the solute. This behavior suggests possible benefits in improving the integrated properties of terminal products.     

30Cr2Ni4MoV钢镦粗过程中的组织演变

针对铸态组织粗大的特点,采用Gleeble1500热模拟实验机研究了30Cr2Ni4MoV钢在不同条件下热变形时的动态再结晶行为以及晶粒尺寸的变化规律,分析了变形工艺参数对再结晶行为、晶粒尺寸及混晶程度的影响。结果表明,变形温度相同时,随变形量的增加,动态再结晶的比例随之增大;变形量相同时,再结晶的临界变形量随变形温度的升高而降低。变形量在部分再结晶区域时,随变形量的增加,混晶及其占有面积都随之增大。当变形量大于完全再结晶所需临界变形量时,随变形量的增加,混晶及其占有面积都随之减小。