GB 18584.4《家具安全 有害物质限量 第4部分 沙发》标准解读

GB 18584.4《家具安全有害物质限量第4部分:沙发》的标准即将发布并实施,该标准是沙发产品中关于有害物质限量要求的首个强制标准,该标准对沙发中挥发性有机物质和沙发面料中有害物质提出了要求。本文对标准的适用范围、定义、检验方法等主要技术内容进行标准解读。     

皮革鞋类有害物质限量研究

通过对国内外皮革鞋类有害物质限量标准进行研究,围绕有重金属、六价铬、富马酸二甲酯、含氯苯酚等有害物质测试项目的技术指标差异.梳理了欧盟和主要发达国家以及我国皮革鞋类有害物质限量的相关标准体系.结果表明,我国皮革鞋类有害物质限量标准体系与国际相关标准、法规还存在较大差异,迫切需要加大皮革鞋类中有害物质的检测技术研究力度,增加我国皮革鞋类有害物质限量应控制的项目和技术指标以及检测方法,加快皮革鞋类有害物质限量标准体系的制修订工作.     

鞋类有害物质限量标准的研究

通过对鞋类有害物质限量标准进行研究,研究了欧盟和主要发达国家鞋类有害物质限量的标准以及我国鞋用材料纺织品和皮革的相关标准,确定了我国鞋类有害物质限量应控制的项目。研究相关的试验方法标准和取样方法并进行系统验证试验和分析。提出我国鞋类有害物质限量应控制的项目和技术指标以及取样方法,为制定相应的国家标准提供依据。     

国家质量监督检验检疫总局、国家标准化管理委员会12月10日批准发布的10项强制性国家标准

序号标准号 标准名称实施日期1 GB 18580一2001 室内装饰装修材料一人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量2 GB 18581—2001 室内装饰装修材料一溶剂型木器涂料中有害物质限量3 GB 18582—2001 室内装饰装修材料一内墙涂料中有害物质限量4 GB 18583—2001 室内装饰装修材料一胶粘剂中有害物质限量5 GB 18584—2001 室内装饰装修材料一木家具中有害物质限量6 GB 18585—2001 室内装饰装修材料一壁纸中有害物质限量7 GB 18586—200l 享内装饰装修材料一聚氯乙烯卷材地板中有害物质限 量8 GB 18587--2001 喜宅善篡薹篷卜地毯、地毯衬垫及地毯胶…     

皮革涂饰及合成革用颜料浆的安全性要求评述

皮革和合成革是轻工领域中创外汇的一支重要产品，针对当前国际上出台的一系列“环境有害物质限量”法规要求，分别对不同国家法规规定的重金属、禁用致癌芳香胺种类、有机挥发分含量（VOC）、甲醛等有害物质限量进行了介绍，并根据文献概述了这些有害物质对生态环境产生的危害，为指导制革企业对选择安全性的水基颜料浆提供参考依据和对材料有害物质限量要求做出正确材料标准。     

皮革涂饰及合成革用颜料浆的安全性要求评述

皮革和合成革是轻工领域中创外汇的一支重要产品,针对当前国际上出台的一系列"环境有害物质限量"法规要求,分别对不同国家法规规定的重金属、禁用致癌芳香胺种类、有机挥发分含量(VOC)、甲醛等有害物质限量进行了介绍,并根据文献概述了这些有害物质对生态环境产生的危害,为指导制革企业对选择安全性的水基颜料浆提供参考依据和对材料有害物质限量要求做出正确材料标准.     

2002万洋杯酒店家具设计大奖赛征稿

6月19日下午在深圳家具研发院的临时培训课室内，深圳数十家企业的50余名企业家和工程技术人员起听取了南京林业大学张彬渊教授所作的“木家具中有害物质限量标准”的讲座。张教授是参与制订该标准的专家之一，他介绍了标准的制订过程，标准的有害物质类型，以及限量要求，重点介绍了游离甲醛的限量要求和测定方法。     

行业在线

国家强制标准《皮革毛皮中有害物质限量》开始制订 本刊记者从全国皮革工业标准化技术委员会、国家皮革制品质量监督检验中心获悉,经国家标准化管理委员会审查确定,由中国皮革和制鞋工业研究院会同有关研究机构、生产企业负责制订国家强制标准《皮革毛皮中有害物质限量》。该标准将对皮革毛皮中的有害物质,包括偶氮染料、六价铬、五氯苯酚和甲醛等物质提出限量要求。     

GB/T 18885—2020《生态纺织品技术要求》解读

从标准的适用范围、产品分类、生态纺织产品技术要求等方面，对GB/T 18885—2020《生态纺织品技术要求》标准的技术性内容进行解读。分析纺织产品有害物质如重金属、有害染料、邻苯二甲酸酯、多环芳烃、全氟及多氟化合物等的来源，研究有害物质对人体和自然环境的危害，介绍有害物质限量值。为减少有害物质对人体健康和环境的影响，提高纺织产品生态安全，推动绿色消费，规范市场行为，助力纺织行业产业链企业提升技术水平提供帮助与指导。     

《家具安全有害物质限量第3部分:床垫》标准解读

《家具安全有害物质限量第3部分:床垫》标准是首次发布的强制性国家标准,为了理解和使用本标准,本文对标准主要内容进行介绍和讲解。     

Resistance based moisture content measurements on native,modified and preservative treated wood

Resistance characteristics were determined for a total of 27 wood-based materials containing native soft- and hardwoods, differently modified timbers and preservative treated timbers. A functional relation between measured electrical resistance and gravimetrical wood moisture content (MC) was established in a range between 15 and 50 % MC. Most precise MC estimation was found for salt-treated timber (±2.5 %), followed by native timber (±3.5 %) and modified timber (±7 %) in the hygroscopic range. As expected, preciseness decreased above fiber saturation, but was still sufficient for native timber (±8 %) and preservative treated wood (±5 %) at approx. 50 % MC.     

Ökologische Aspekte zur chemischen Hausbockbekämpfung

Ecological aspects of timber preservation make the user more aware of the problem of the necessity of preservatives and the reduction in the use of chemicals respectively chemical solvents. Observations regarding the biology of the long-horned beetle as well as two historically significant phenomenous should permit the projecting of different preservative measures with consideration of potential adverse effect. What risk remaining for humans and environment due to chemical timber preservation should not exceed that for the statics of the constructions. A scheme for the application of preservation measures is given which facilitates the decisions which additional measures to apply after replacing or reinforcing damaged elements on structures.     

Scherfestigkeit der Klebverbindung von vorimprägniertem Holz—Beitrag zur Entwicklung wetterbeständigen Brettschichtholzes

The paper emphasizes the necessity of water-repellent and fungicide preservative treatments for weather-exposed glued-laminated timber. The basic possibilities of the impregnation processes are discussed. If the lamellac are treated before gluing the preserved wood must remain glucable. In the case of common water-borne and oil-borne preservatives the glung is without problems. Difficulties are to be expected, however, if the preservative contains water-repellent components (e.g. alkyde resins, paraffine) and if its solid content increases. The investigations have shown that these problems can be solved.     

Modelling the rate of loss of light organic solvent from a stack of radiata pine timber

Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) sapwood boards, treated with a light organic solvent preservative (LOSP) solution, were arranged in an unfilleted stack with no gaps between the boards. The residual solvent level in the boards was monitored by recording board weights over a 108 days period following LOSP treatment. Data were used to derive a mathematical relationship between the solvent loss and the storage time for which r ²=0.88 (p≤0.05). This was found to be compatible with Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion and can be used as a model for describing and predicting the loss of residual solvent from LOSP treated timber. The model is simpler than a more rigorous transport model describing moisture loss from timber. However, it can be used to calculate the rate of solvent loss at any location in the timber stack. Storage time and board height within the stack were found to be the most important factors associated with solvent loss rate when ambient temperature averaged 12°C and the rate of airflow around the stack was minimal.     

Environmental protection and health risks in connection with the use of creosote

The use of creosote as a wood preservative has been examined with regard to environmental protection and health risks, mainly by reference to relevant literature. The examination considers toxic and hazardous problems caused by creosote, before, during and after its application to timber in impregnation plants as well as possible environmental problems posed by treated timber in service and during its final destruction. Although there are certain problems surrounding the use of creosote it may be concluded that these problems are not severe and that they can be reduced or avoided by using fairly simple protective measures. The main problem at present, however, concerns creosote bleeding which must be solved in the near future.     

Auswaschung von Holzschutzmitteln im praktischen Betrieb

Practical observations indicate that rainfall on timber, freshly impregnated with water-borne preservatives, may lead to a greater preservative leaching than expected according to previous experiments. In as far as this occurs, possible reasons may be the varying work conditions in the individual impregnation plants. An eventual soil pollution would frequently be conceiled by previous accumulations. The preservative fixation under frost conditions occurs more slowly than anticipated. In contrasts, a low rainfall pH-value in the investigated region up to pH 4.5, had no influence on leaching in impregnation plants.     

Probenahme aus Holz and Holzwerkstoffen zur Klärung von Fragen des Holzschutzes durch chemische Untersuchungen

Building timber is often treated with chemical wood preservatives to protect it against insect and fungal attack. When the preservative effectiveness of such treatments shall be examined, samples have to be taken. Sampling cannot always be done by taking cores. In the chapters wood characteristics, volume of tests, size and shape of specimens, test criteria and characteristics of wood preservatives, aspects are discussed which have to be taken into account when taking samples. 37 different types of sampling are presented in a literature review.     

Optimizing the schedule for CCA impregnation treatment of rubber wood

could be achieved by using concentrations of the CCA solution of 2–4%, depending on moisture content and thickness of the wood. Also, it was found that the penetration and distribution of chemicals in the treated wood were throughout uniform. Chemical analysis revealed that the distribution of the constituents (copper, chromium and arsenic) of CCA in the treated timber conformed to the desired ratio. This study presents an economical and energy saving schedule for the treatment of rubber wood with CCA preservative. The applicability of the economical schedule developed was tested in two commercial scale treatment units and found suitable.     

Optimizing the schedule for CCA impregnation treatment of rubber wood

3 could be achieved by using concentrations of the CCA solution of 2–4%, depending on moisture content and thickness of the wood. Also, it was found that the penetration and distribution of chemicals in the treated wood were throughout uniform. Chemical analysis revealed that the distribution of the constituents (copper, chromium and arsenic) of CCA in the treated timber conformed to the desired ratio. This study presents an economical and energy saving schedule for the treatment of rubber wood with CCA preservative. The applicability of the economical schedule developed was tested in two commercial scale treatment units and found suitable.     

Production of glued laminated timber with copper azole treated maritime pine

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of glued laminated timber (glulam) of maritime pine treated with a copper azole preservative product. Shear strength of glue lines met the requirements of EN 386 (2001) with no influence of clamping pressure and cure temperature. According to the same standard, delamination was satisfactory for higher cure temperatures applied with a clamping pressure of 0.6?N/mm². Finger joints made with treated wood gave satisfactory bending strength. The preservative treatment did not influence the modulus of elasticity of the beams. According to a Monte Carlo simulation and following the requirements of EN 1194 (2002), glulam of class GL 28c can be manufactured if visually graded maritime pine of classes E and EE (NP 4305 1995) is used in the inner and outer lamellas, respectively, and class GL 24h when using both grades in equal proportions randomly distributed through the glulam element.