不同热处理工艺的大直径形状记忆合金棒力学性能试验研究

试验研究了4种直径形状记忆合金棒材的力学性能,分析了热处理工艺、循环加卸载次数、应变幅值对棒材力学特性的影响,探讨了残余应变、单循环耗能、割线刚度和等效阻尼比等力学特征参数随循环次数和应变幅值的变化规律.研究结果表明,对于直径14 mm棒材,选择400℃保温15 min的热处理方案时相变应力最高;循环5次后,材料的各项...     

Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni形状记忆合金超弹性的研究

用拉伸实验研究了Ｆｅ－１５．２Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－８．３Ｃｒ－７Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ－１６Ｍｎ－５Ｓｉ－９Ｃｒ－４Ｎｉ和３１７Ｌ不锈钢的应力应变曲线。结果表明,铁基形状记忆合金存在显著的超弹性。其应力应变曲线上,卸载时的曲线和再加载时的曲线相比有明显的滞后。合金卸载时存在极大的非线性回弹εｓｂ,εｓｂ随变形量的增加而增加,而超弹性应变εＳＥ在小变形量下随变形量的增加而增加,当总变形量超过一定值时,εＳＥ不再增加。Ｆｅ－１５．２Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－８．３Ｃｒ－７Ｎｉ的最大超弹性应变εＳＥ可达到０．７５％。应力诱发马氏体与母相之间界面移动产生超弹性,超弹性受化学驱劝力和母相对马氏体相的弹性约束控制。热形成马氏体和母相强度对超弹性影响不大。     

超弹性TiNi记忆合金螺旋弹簧的滞回性能实验研究

通过滞回性能实验研究了大尺寸Ti Ni形状记忆合金(Ti Ni SMA)螺旋弹簧用于结构振动控制的可行性。利用两种Ti Ni合金制作了大尺寸超弹性螺旋弹簧试件。对Ti Ni弹簧试件进行了单轴反复荷载作用下的力学实验,获得了其在不同加载条件下的恢复力-位移曲线。分析了不同循环加卸载次数、加载频率、位移幅值对两种Ti Ni弹簧的滞回环及等效刚度、单位循环耗能、等效阻尼比和残余位移4个力学参数的影响。研究结果表明,超弹性Ti Ni弹簧可提供较大的恢复力、位移以及稳定的复位性能,并具有一定的耗能能力,在工程结构自复位振动控制中具有较好的应用潜力较好。     

热处理对形状记忆合金超弹性滞回性能的影响

采用与文献〔１〕相同组分的ＮｉＴｉ合金材料,将其用不同的热处理工艺进行处理,分析了不同热处理后其超弹性滞回性能在不同温度和不同应变幅值下的变化规律;通过与文献〔１〕的对比,探讨了热处理前后该材料力学性能的变化以及加载频率的影响。     

Ti-Ni形状记忆合金超弹性的研究进展

Ti-Ni形状记忆舍金具有超弹性特性,所显示出的恒弹力、大应变、非线性阻尼和高弹性模量效应可被用来制作储能器、振动控制器和耐磨零件等.评述了Ti-Ni形状记忆合金超弹性的影响因素和计算模拟研究现状.着重介绍了合金成分、热处理、应力-应变循环、冷变形量和实验温度对超弹性的影响,并指出开发多元系Ti-Ni-X超弹性合金和加强合金的超弹性计算模拟是今后的主要研究方向.     

形状记忆合金超弹性本构关系的神经网络模型

通过试验，研究了受过循环变形、具有稳定超弹性变形性能的形状记忆合金丝在拉伸到不同应变幅值条件下卸载的超弹性变形行为。根据试验测得的结果，提出了基于神经网络的形状记忆合金超弹性本构关系模型，并把模型计算的结果和实验数据进行了比较分析，结果表明，该模型具有很高的精度。该模型避免了已有模型在参数确定上的困难，具有一定的工程应用价值，为建立形状记忆合金本构模型提供了一个新的思路。     

Fe—Mn—Si—Cr—Ni形状记忆合金超弹性的研究

用拉伸实验研究了Ｆｅ－１５．２Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－８．３Ｃｒ－７Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ－１６Ｍｎ－５Ｓｉ－９Ｃｒ－４Ｎｉ和３１７Ｌ不锈钢的应力应谜面工线。结果表明,铁基形状记忆合金存在显著的超弹必     

超弹性形状记忆合金的神经网络连续本构模型

对超弹性形状记忆合金(SMA)丝在不同应变幅值和荷载速率下进行加卸载单轴拉伸试验,分析其滞回特性随环境因素的变化规律。将径向基函数神经网络(RBFNN)和Graesser模型结合起来,Graesser模型参数取自试验曲线,能由数学式确定的模型参数和应变幅值、荷载速率一起作为网络的输入信息,不能由数学式确定的模型参数作为输出神经元。数值计算表明,RBFNN可以精确地预测Graesser模型参数,且计算的SMA应力-应变曲线与Graesser模型结果吻合很好。     

不同训练条件下NiTi形状记忆合金超细丝力学性能的稳定性

形状记忆合金(Shape memory alloys,SMA)具有优异的形状记忆效应、超弹性、耐疲劳、耐腐蚀以及电阻传感等特性,在航空航天、机械电子、生物医疗等领域得到广泛应用.已开发的SMA产品中,NiTi SMA超细丝因具有更为灵敏的电阻特性和灵活的应用环境,在结构健康监测及微型机电系统中有广阔的应用前景.为了获得性能稳定的NiTi SMA超细丝,对直径25μm的常温马氏体SMA超细丝进行了循环加载试验,分析了训练方法、循环加卸载次数以及材料静置时间对NiTi超细丝的单圈滞回耗能能力、残余应变、割线刚度和等效阻尼比等力学参数的影响规律,同时对马氏体SMA的训练方法进行研究.试验结果表明,随着训练应变幅值和循环加、卸载次数的增加,马氏体状态SMA超细丝的去孪晶过程逐渐缩短,力学性能稳定性增强,且受静置时间影响的材料力学性能具有可恢复性,可为形状记忆合金超细丝在工程中应用提供试验基础.     

Ti-50．75at％Ni形状记忆合金绞线超弹性试验研究

为了在常温条件下更充分地利用TiNi形状记忆合金绞线的超弹性性能，以Ti-50．75％（原子分数）Ni形状记忆合金（SMA）丝和绞线两种形式试件进行了室温条件下，加载速率、应变幅值及循环次数等因素对SMA丝和SMA绞线超弹性性能影响的试验。试验表明SMA以绞线的形式使用时能够大幅度提高其极限应变能力，相对SMA丝来说更适合应用于大变形时提供足够的恢复力；SMA绞线相对SMA丝具有更强大的超弹性性能；SMA绞线的残余应变量要比SMA丝的小得多，这也是使它具有较高的超弹性性能的主要因素之一．从而验证了SMA以绞线形式使用可以提供更强的超弹性性能．     

Low-energy tensile-impact behavior of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy wires

Superelastic property of shape memory alloys (SMAs) is becoming increasingly important for impact applications due to their large recoverable strains and high capacity to dissipate energy. In this work, tensile behavior of superelastic NiTi SMA wires at impact strain rates was studied by instrumented tensile-impact technique, which allows to obtain material properties on the order of 1–10² s⁻¹. The results show that even at impact strain rates, martensite can be induced by tension in NiTi. At impact, a plateau stress appears during transformations similar to that at quasi-static strain rates, but 100–150 MPa higher in stress. This is due to the higher temperatures achieved during the deformation due to the close to adiabatic nature of the impact event. The influence of the strain rate over the mechanical behavior of NiTi was spread to the quasi-static strain rates so that the evolution of several parameters was also studied on the range 10⁻⁵–10² s⁻¹. Therefore, forward stress-induced martensitic (SIM) transformation stresses (σ^Ms and σ^Mf) and deformation energy (E_d) increase with strain rate, but they are strain rate independent from 10⁻¹ s⁻¹ at least until 10² s⁻¹. Reverse SIM transformation stresses (σ^As and σ^Af), recoverable strain energy (E_r), and dissipated energy (W_d) depend mainly on maximum strain achieved during the deformation, but for strains corresponding to a load–unload cycle with complete SIM transformation, σ^As, σ^Af and E_r are higher at impact than at quasi-static strain rates, and W_d shows similar values at very low strain rates and at impact.     

Vibrations of plates with superelastic shape memory alloy wires

The article illustrates an approach to the passive vibration control of thin plates utilizing prestressed superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. The SMA wires can freely slide within protective sleeves that are either embedded within the structure or bonded to its surface. The vibration control mechanism combines an effective continuous elastic foundation representing the support provided by SMA wires to the structure with the energy dissipation as a result of the hysteresis occurring in the wires. The other approach to the vibration control employs superelastic wires attached to the structure at discrete points. The mathematical formulation of the problem presented in the article can be adopted for a rigorous computational analysis. In particular, a closed form expression is obtained for the loss factor in large aspect ratio plates supported at the midspan by a system of parallel SMA wires. As follows from numerical examples presented for such plates, the proposed method offers a significant damping, far exceeding that observed in conventional engineering structures.     

Modeling of superelastic behavior of porous shape memory alloys

International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design - In this study the superelastic behavior of porous shape memory alloys has been simulated in a finite element procedure. The Boyd and...     

Tensile and fatigue behavior of superelastic shape memory rods

The tensile and fatigue behavior of superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bars heat-treated at three different temperatures were examined. Low cycle fatigue tests at variable load rates were carried out to determine the effect of stress and frequency on residual strain and energy dissipation in a fatigue cycle. The mechanism of energy dissipation was studied by monitoring the temperature changes in the fatigued samples as a function of applied stress and frequency of testing. Results from the tensile tests revealed that the stress for the Austenite to Martensite transformation decreased from 408 MPa to 204 MPa with an increase in temperature of heat treatment from 300 to 450 °C. The ultimate strength of the SMA increased from 952 MPa to 1115 MPa when the heat treatment temperature was increased from 300 to 450 °C. Fatigue testing prior to conducting the tensile test decreased the ultimate strength of the SMA and also reduced the failure strain. The energy dissipation in fatigue tests was found to decrease as test frequency increased from 0.025 Hz to 0.25 Hz and the change in sample temperature during the test at the lower test frequency was found to be considerably higher than at the higher frequency.     

Experimental study of one‐dimensional superelastic capability of a nearly equi‐atomic NiTi shape memory alloy

A series of experimental studies have been carried out on nearly equi‐atomic NiTi shape memory alloy wires. The effects of fatigue cycles, displacement rates as well as testing temperatures on the superelastic capabilities have been studied. Under cycling loading, the threshold stresses for martensitic transformation decrease and the residule strains increase. Saturation is reached after 100 cycles. With increasing displacement rates, the critical stresses required for the martensitic transformation increase and the slopes of the upper plateau in the stress‐strain curves rise. The dissipated energy increases rapidly with increasing displacement rate, reaches a maximum value at around 6.0mm/min and then decreases as the displacement rate continues to increase. Tests also show that the threshold stresses characterizing the forward/reverse transformations increase linearly with increasing test temperature.     

Continuous mandibular distraction osteogenesis using superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA)

Distraction osteogenesis is a well-established method of endogenous tissue engineering. It is a biological process of bone neo-formation between segments subjected to tension. The concept of this study was to investigate the distraction osteogenesis with a device capable of creating a permanent and constant force during the whole process as if a very large number of small elongations were applied constantly. The mechanical testing of the device used to produce the constant force and the in vivo analysis of the bone growth after it was implanted in rabbits are presented on this work. The device consists of a NiTi coil spring, superelastic at body temperature, in order to have a stress plateau during the austenitic retransformation during the unloading. The in vivo analysis was made on six female rabbits of 12 months old. A segmental mandibulectomy at the horizontal arm of the mandible and a corticotomy at 5mm distant from the gap were made. Next, following a latency period of five days, the SMA springs were implanted to induce the bone neo-formation. The displacement at the unloading plateau shows that it is necessary to have longer springs or to use several (available commercially) in series in order to fulfil the requirements of a human distraction. The temperature variations induced changes in the spring force. However, when the temperature returns to 37 degrees C the distraction force recovers near the initial level and does so completely when the distraction process continues. For the in vivo study, all six rabbits successfully completed the distraction. The radiographies showed the gap as distraction advanced. A continuity in the newly formed bone with similar transversal and horizontal dimensions than the original bone can be observed on the histologies. In conclusion, the application of a constant force on distraction osteogenesis, using SMA springs, may be a successful alternative to the conventional gradual distraction.     

基于超弹性形状记忆合金的钢结构抗震研究进展

采用形状记忆合金(SMA)、粘弹性橡胶等材料的结构,其地震响应存在温度相关性,对其结构性能的评估应考虑温度影响和区域温度分布特性的不确定性。以第二代基于性能的地震工程评估框架为基础,该文提出一种考虑区域温度分布特性的温度相关型结构地震风险评估方法。该方法将传统地震易损性扩展为地震动强度-温度联合易损性,在此基础上得到包含温度分布信息的修正区域易损性,并用于评估结构地震风险。基于该方法,该文以9层SMA支撑钢框架结构作为分析对象,研究温度对结构性能的影响。选取北京和文昌为案例地区,给出其区域温度分布特性描述,并计算对象结构的地震风险曲线。结果表明：环境温度降低将影响结构变形分布。同时,结构在低温下更易发生倒塌。相对于位于文昌和设计基准温度下的对象结构,位于北京的对象结构具有更高的倒塌风险。所提出的方法能够量化评估不同地区温度相关型结构的地震风险。     

Effect of mechanical cutting and polishing on the shape memory transformation behavior of NiTi alloy

The results of the studies carried out on the effect of mechanical cutting and polishing on the transformation behavior of Ti-rich NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) heat-treated at 560 and 660 °C, are presented in this article. Among the samples heat-treated at 560 °C, the sample subjected to mechanical cutting and polishing (HT560MC) shows M → A on reverse phase transformation and A → R → M on forward transformation whereas chemically etched sample (HT560CE) shows the intermediate R-phase both during forward and reverse transformations. Heat treatment at a higher temperature of 660 °C does not facilitate the formation of R-phase in the reverse transformation and helps the formation of R-phase to a very small extent, that too only in HT660MC, during forward transformation due to the reduced dislocation density. Both the heat-treated samples show the effect of mechanical cutting and polishing even at 150th thermal cycling.